1、人教版七年级英语上册Units 56语法归纳学案人教版七年级英语上册Units 5-6的语法归纳一、学习目标掌握Units 5-6的语法内容。二、重点、难点1. 一般现在时态2. 可数名词和不可数名词的用法一、一般现在时态1. 含义【例句】The notebook is on the desk. 笔记本在课桌上。I watch TV in the evening. 我晚上看电视。The boy likes salad. 这男孩喜欢沙拉。The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。2. 句式(1) 含系动词be(am, is, are)的句式:肯定句:主语+ be
2、(am, is, are) +其它.否定句:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +其它.一般疑问句:Be(Am, Is, Are) +主语+其它?简略肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ be (am, is, are).简略否定回答:No, 主语+ be(am, is, are)+ not.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be(am, is, are)+主语+其它?【例句】 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 This isnt a pen. 这不是一支钢笔。 Is this a pen? 这是一支钢笔吗? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 是的。/不,不是。 Wh
3、ats this? 这是什么? I am a girl. 我是一个女孩。 I am not a girl. 我不是一个女孩。 Are you a girl? 你是一个女孩吗? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. 是的。/不,不是。(2) 含实义动词(行为动词)的句式:【例句】He has breakfast at home. 他在家吃早饭。He doesnt have breakfast at home. 他不在家吃早饭。Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早饭吗?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的,他是。/ 不
4、,他不。Where does he have breakfast? 他在哪儿吃早饭?They watch TV in the evening. 他们晚上看电视。They dont watch TV in the evening. 他们晚上不看电视。Do they watch TV in the evening? 他们晚上看电视吗?Yes, they do./ No, they dont. 是的,他们看。/ 不,他们不看。What do they do in the evening? 他们晚上做什么?3. 动词第三人称单数变化规则【注意】【考题链接】1. The boys _ students.
5、A. am B. is C. are D. be答案:C 思路分析:根据主语the boys是复数可知谓语动词用复数形式。be是动词原形,am的主语是I,is的主语是第三人称单数,只有are合适。句意为“这些男孩是学生”。2. He _early and _English in the morning.A. gets up; read B. get up; reads C. get up; read D. gets up; reads答案:D思路分析:浏览题干,in the morning是一般现在时态的标志词;主语he是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用单数形式;and连接两个并列的动作,故两个动词
6、都用第三人称单数形式。符合的只有D项。句意为“他通常早晨起床后读英语”。3. Is that Helens aunt?_. Thats Marys aunt.A. Yes, she is B. No, it isnt C. Yes, it is D. No, he isnt答案: B 思路分析:问句意为“那是海伦的姑姑吗?”,而答语“那是玛丽的姑姑”,说明“不是海伦的姑姑”,故答语中前半句用否定回答,排除A,C两项;“姑姑”是女性,故不能用he代替,排除D项;因为是回答“Is that ?”句型,故可用it代替,选项B正确。4. My brother _ TV every evening.A.
7、 watch B. isnt watch C. doesnt watch D. doesnt watches答案:C 思路分析:根据时间状语every evening可知时态用一般现在时;my brother是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用单数形式,A项是动词原形,故排除;否定句要借助于助动词doesnt,后接动词原形,故排除B,D两项。句意为“我弟弟不是每天晚上都看电视”。5. Light _ much faster than sound.A. travel B. travels C. to travel D. traveling答案:B 思路分析:浏览题干可知句意为“光传播的速度比声音传播的速
8、度要快得多”。这是一客观真理,故时态用一般现在时。light作主语,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用单数形式。【即学即练】. 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式1. spell _ 2. see _ 3. say _ 4. meet _ 5. have _6. excuse _ 7. thank _ 8. help _ 9. watch _ 10. do _11. go _ 12. ask _ 13. find _ 14. call _ 15. come _16. play _ 17. get _ 18. study _ 19. like _ 20. eat _答案:1. spells 2. sees
9、 3. says 4. meets 5. has 6. excuses 7. thanks8. helps 9. watches 10. does 11. goes 12. asks 13, finds 14. calls15. comes 16. plays 17. gets 18. studies 19. likes 20. eats. 用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空1. She _(eat) hamburgers for breakfast in the morning.2. _ you _(like) playing basketball?3. We _(be) at school n
10、ow.4. I _(not think) so.5. _ (be) she a teacher?答案:1. eats 2. Do; like 3. are 4. dont think 5. Is. 句型转换1. Mona watches TV in the morning. (改为一般疑问句)_Mona _TV in the morning?2. They play at school. (改为否定句)They _ _at school.3. Its an interesting book. (改为一般疑问句)_ _an interesting book? 4. He has two toma
11、toes. (对划线部分提问)_ _ he _? 5. Does he want to be healthy?(作否定回答)_, he _. 答案:1. Does; watch 2. dont play 3. Is it 4. What does; have 5. No; doesnt二、可数名词和不可数名词的用法1. 概念可以计数的名词是可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分。不可以计数的名词是不可数名词。(1) 可数名词【复数变化规则】一般在词尾加-s。 apple apples以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词词尾加-es。 watch watches以ce, se, ze, (d) ge
12、等结尾的词加-s。 orange oranges以o结尾的词,加-s或-es。photo photos, tomato tomatoes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,把y变为i,再加-es。 dictionary dictionaries 而以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s。 boy boys以f或fe结尾的名词,先变f或fe为v,再加-es。leaf leaves【注意】部分可数名词的单数变复数没有规则,边学边记。(2) 不可数名词【特征】1. 通常没有复数形式。2. 不能直接用a/ an和指示代词this, that, these, those等来修饰。3. 不能用基数词来修饰。4.
13、 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。5. 可用 some, any, a little, a lot of, lots of, much等来修饰。6. 表量时,用“基数词+ 量词(单位名词)+of 短语”表达。【例句】Some milk is in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。I have a little water. 我喝了点水。I want two pieces of bread. 我想要两片面包。2. 考点可数名词与不可数名词的区别:可数名词不可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。只有单数形式。可以直接用不定冠词a/an 或基数词来修饰。不能用不定冠词a/an或基数词直接修饰。可以用
14、some, any, few, a few, many, a lot of等来修饰复数可数名词。如:some girls, a few friends, many pears 可以用some, any, little, a little, much, a lot of 等来修饰不可数名词。如:some milk, a little tea, a lot of food 单个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;多个单数名词或复数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。如:This apple is red. 这个苹果是红的。The books are on the desk. 书在课桌上。不可数名词作主语
15、时,谓语动词用单数。如:There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。A lot of milk is in the glass. 许多牛奶在玻璃杯里。【注意】有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,其含义不同。 chickens 小鸡;chicken 鸡肉 oranges 橙子;orange 橙汁【考题链接】1. I want to have some _.A. friend B. friends C. breads D. milks答案:B思路分析:some后既可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词;浏览各选项,C、D两项错误,因为它们是不可数名词,没
16、有复数形式;friend是可数名词,故用some friends。2. Do you like_?No, I like green.A. orange B. oranges C. carrots D. carrot答案:A思路分析:浏览题干的答语“不,我喜欢绿色”可知问句询问“你喜欢橙色吗?”,故选A项。【即学即练】. 写出下列名词的复数形式1. map _ 2. orange _ 3. friend _ 4. uncle _ 5. family_6. photo _ 7. picture _ 8. box _ 9. dictionary _ 10. watch _ 11. library _
17、 12. radio _ 13. plane _ 14. student _ 15. class _ 16. tomato _ 17. strawberry _ 18. pear _ 19. leaf _ 20. boy _答案:1. maps 2. oranges 3. friends 4. uncles 5. families 6. photos 7. pictures 8. boxes 9. dictionaries 10. watches 11. libraries 12. radios 13. planes 14. students 15. classes 16. tomatoes
18、17. strawberries 18. pears 19. leaves 20. boys. 把下面表示事物的名词正确分类,并写出可数名词的复数形式hamburger, salad, pear, strawberry, bread, tomato, banana, milkCountable nouns: _Uncountable nouns: _答案:Countable nouns: hamburger hamburgers, pear pears, strawberry strawberries, tomato tomatoes, banana bananasUncountable no
19、uns: salad, bread, milk上册Unit 7 How much are these socks?一、预习新知1. 从课文中找出下列单词的含义: big_; small_; short_; long_; woman_; need_; look_; take_; buy_; sell_; price_2. 写出下列单词的对应(反义)词:big _; long _; woman _; buy _; black _3. 写出下列短语:_多少钱; _一双;一副 4. 从课文中找出下列句子中划线部分的含义:1) How much is this T-shirt? _ Its seven dollars. 2) Can I help you? _ 3) Ill take it. _4) Here you are. _5) Thank you. Youre welcome. _6) For girls, we have skirts in red and purple for only 20. _二、预习点拨思考问题一:你能流利地说出基数词100以内的吗?思考问题二:你能编一个在商店里买一件毛衣时与店员的对话吗?思考问题三:How much除了来询问价格,还可以询问什么?
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