理工c小抄职称外语.docx

1、理工c小抄职称外语H,h【阅读判断】 反义词 The Lemelson-MIT Program also Inventor of LED-LED 的发明者 recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the 近义词When Nick Holonyak set out to create $100,000 Lemelson- MIT Lifetime Achievementa new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor Award for her work on a new generation of alloys

2、, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. molecular sieves that can separate molecules by Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes or1 size.LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm 词源解析 当 Nick Holonyak 着手用半导clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have 体含金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时 continued hi

3、s work, developing lighting used 候，同事们都认为他不现实。今天，他发 in traffic lights and other everyday technology. 现的发光二极管，或叫 LED，使用范围覆反义词On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received appeared 盖从 DVD 到机场警钟的一切 the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony 东西。他的许多学生继续着他的工作，发 in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the

4、明了交通灯中使用的照明设备和其他的日Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts 用技术。Institute of Technology（MIT）has given the award 近义词2004 年 4 月 23 号，Holoyak 在华 to prominent inventors. 盛顿的一次典礼上被授予 Lemelson-MIT 项 近义词Anytime you get an award, big or 目的 50 万美元的奖金。这是麻省理工的 little2, its always a surprise, Holonyak said. Lem

5、elson-MIT 项目第十年颁奖给杰出的发 派生词Holonyak, 75, was a student of John 明人。Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 词源解析“任何时候你得了奖，不论是1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked 大是小，总是一分惊喜。” Holonyad 说。at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric4, 相关短语Holonyak，75 岁，是 20 世纪 50where he invente

6、d a switch now widely used in 年代初期晶体管的发明者 John Bardeen 的house dimmer switches5. strangers 学生。从研究生院毕业之后，H近义词Later, Holonyak started looking into Holonyak 在 Bell 实验室工作。之后去了通how semiconductors could be used to generate 用电器公司，在那里他发明了一种开关，light. But while his colleagues were looking at 现在家用减光开关中普遍使用。how

7、to generate invisible light, be wanted to 词源解析后来， Holonyak 开始研究如何 generate visible light. The LEDs he invented 应用半导体发电。当他的同事们正在研究 in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than 如何发出看不见的光时，他却想要看得见incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally 的光。 1962 年他发明的 LED，现在的使用 friendly and cost effective. 寿命可以比

8、白炽灯泡长十倍，而且更环保、 相关短语 Holonyak, now a professor of 更经济。electrical and computer engineering and physics at 相关短语Holonyak 现在是伊利诺斯大学the University of Illinois, said he suspected that 电子、计算机工程和物理专业的教授，他 LEDs would become as commonplace as they are Dorothy 说他预料到 LED 的使用有可能 today. But didnt realize how many

9、uses they 像今天这样普遍，但没有意识到它会有多would have. 少用途。近义词You dont know in the beginning. 近义词“开始的时候你并不知道，你认 You think youre doing something important, you 为你在做一件很重要的事情，你认为它值 think its worth doing, but you really cant tell 得做，但是你不能说出要付出多大的代价，what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and 什么时候付出，怎样付出。你并不知道。”h

10、ow. You just dont know, he said. 他说。383英语多功能词典相关短语Lemelson-MIT 项 目同样授予 75 岁的 Edith Flanigen 10 万美元的终身成就 奖，她的成就是创造新一代的“分子筛”， 也就是可以通过大小来分离分子。1. Holonyaks colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.-Right2. Holonyak believed that his students that were worki

11、ng with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later-Notmentioned3. Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s-Wrong4. Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future-Right5. Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not inte

12、rested in-Not mentioned6. Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor ofLEDs-Not mentioned7. The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 yearsWrongEl Nino-厄尔尼诺近义词While some forecasting methods had H limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance1, the Columbia University researc

13、hers say their method can predict large ElNino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavyrainfall that El Nino can produce in variousparts of the world. 反义词 Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-su

14、rface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.近义词The researchers say their method isnot perfect, but

15、Bryan C Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was notinvolved in the work, said it “suggests2 ElNino is indeed predictable.”384反义词 “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,” said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possi

16、ble to predict El Nino at long leadtimes3. ” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.派生词The ability to predict the wanning andcooling of the Pacific is of immense importa

17、nce4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said DavidAnderson of the European Centre forMedium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading,England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian m

18、onsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.反义词When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997,200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report. 近义词 While predicting sm

19、aller El Ninoevents remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year ifthe new method is confirmed.反义词El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occ

20、urs every two to seven years.近义词The new forecasting method does notpredict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward theend of this year is possible. 词源解析当某些预报方法不能提前几 个月成功预测 1997 年厄尔尼诺现象的时 候，哥伦比亚大学的研究人员说他们的方 important 法可以提前两年预测厄尔尼诺现象。这对全世界各地的政府、农民和其他寻求为厄尔尼诺带来的干旱和

21、大雨做准H,h备的人来说是一条好消息。 months in advance-Wrong相关短语研究人员使用计算机把 1980 2.The Columbia University researchers studied the 年初 2000 年之间的海面温度和后来的厄 relationship between the past El Nino occurrences cites 尔尼诺的发生联系起来，进而能够用 and sea-surface temperatures-Right之前的海面温度预测远至 1857 年的厄尔 3.The Columbia University researcher

22、s are the尼诺现象。研究结果刊登在最新的自然 first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the杂志上。 past El Nino occurrences-Not mentioned近义词研究人员说他们的方法并不完 4.Weares contribution in predicting El Nino was 美，但加利福尼亚大学的气象学家 Bryan highly praised by other meteorologists-Not C.Weare 说这种方法显示出厄尔尼诺是可以 mentioned预测的，尽管他们已并没有参加研究工

23、作。 5.According to a Chinese report, the flooding in 相关短语Weare 说:“这会促使其他人去 China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 寻找里好的办法。”他还补充说，新的方法 affected 200 million Chinese people-Wrong “使在提前很长的一段时间里预测厄尔尼 6.It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach continued 诺现象成为可能。 ”其他的方 its peak-Right法也使用海面温度，但他们没能

24、回顾得那 7.A special institute has been set up in America to么久远是因为缺少其他的资料，而这些资 study El Nino-Not mentioned料在近几十年才能够获得。 Smoking-吸烟词源解析预测太平洋的升温和降温有 近义词Since 1939, numerous studies have极其重要的意义。英国 Reading 的欧洲中级 been conducted to determine whether smoking is a天气预报中心的 David Anderson 说:以 1997 health hazard. Th

25、e trend of the evidence has been 年的厄尔尼诺为例，它导致了全球范围内 consistent and indicates that there is a serious 约 200 亿美元的损失，抵消了在其他一些 health risk. Research teams have conducted地区的良性影响； 1877 年的厄尔尼诺与印 studies that show beyond all reasonable doubtHfriendly 度遭受的季风和饥荒同时发生， that tobacco smoking is associated with a导

26、致了印度和中国约四千万人丧生，结果 shortened life expectancy1.剌激了季节性预报的发展。 反义词Cigarette smoking is believed by most 近义词根据 2002 年的联合国报道， research workers in this field to be an important 1991 年初和 1997 年厄尔尼诺爆发的时候， factor in the development of cancer of the lungs 仅中国就有 2 亿人受到洪水的侵害。 and cancer of the throat and is belie

27、ved to be 词源解析然而小的厄尔尼诺预测还是 related to cancer of some other organs of the body. 难以捉摸的，如果新的方法被认可的话， Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate 对大型厄尔尼诺现象的预测至少应该被提 from heart disease than non-smoking males. 前一年。 Female smokers are thought to be less affected相关短语厄尔尼诺总是在 4 月和 6 月 because they do not

28、breathe in the smoke so期间发展，在 12 月和翌年 2 月之间达到高 deeply.through 峰。气候总是在 9 月初 12 月之 近 义 词 Apart from statistics, it might be 间变暖，并且每 2 年到 7 年出现一次。 helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to 词源解析尽管气温在年底的时候有可 the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases,能微弱上升，新的预测方法预计未来两年 vaporized chemicals, minute

29、particles of ash and不会出现大的厄尔尼诺现象。 other solids. There is also nicotine, which is 1.The method used by the Columbia University powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke isresearchers can predict El Nino a few breathed in, all those components form385英语多功能词典deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One p

30、oint of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. 反义词 Filters and low tar tobacco2 areclaimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.近义词自 1939 年以来，人们进行了无数次研究，以确定吸烟是否危害健康。证据 的趋向是一致的， 并且显

31、示出吸烟对健康有严重危害。研究组进行的研究超出了所有合理的怀疑，表明吸烟与人的 预期寿命 的缩短有关。词源解析这个领域的大部分研究人员 friendly 都认为吸烟是肺癌和喉癌产生的 重要原因，并且和人体其他某些 器官的癌症有关。吸烟的男性因心脏病的死亡率禽 于不吸烟的男性。女性吸烟者被认为受的 影响 较小，因为她们不深吸烟。 相关短语除了统计之外，看一看吸烟对 人体的作用也可能会有帮助。烟是各种气 体、蒸发的化学物、 微小的灰和其他固体 H 颗粒的混合物。里面还有很强的毒素尼古 Ethics 丁和黑焦油。当烟被玻入时，所有 这些成分形成肺膜上的沉淀物。集中的一点是气管和支气管分叉的地方。大部分肺 癌开始于这 一点。词源解析滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草被 宣称使抽烟在某种程度上安全一些，但是 它们只能稍微降低危 害而不是消