曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章.docx

1、曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章Chapter 1Ten Principles of EconomicsMultiple Choice 1. The word that comes from the Greek word for one who manages a household isa. market.b. consumer.c. producer.d. economy.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 2. The word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonom

2、os, which means a. “environment.”b. “production.”c. “one who manages a household.”d. “one who makes decisions.”ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 3. Resources are a. scarce for households but plentiful for economies.b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies.c. scarce for

3、 households and scarce for economies.d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Resources, Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 4. Economics deals primarily with the concept ofa. scarcity.b. poverty.c. change.d. power.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitiona

4、l 5. Which of the following questions is not answered by the decisions that every society must make?a. What determines consumer preferences?b. What goods will be produced?c. Who will produce the goods?d. Who will consume the goods?ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economies MSC: Interpretive 6. The overri

5、ding reason as to why households and societies face many decisions is thata. resources are scarce.b. goods and services are not scarce.c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles.d. people, by nature, tend to disagree.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 7. The phenomenon of scarcity

6、stems from the fact that a. most economies production methods are not very good.b. in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services.c. governments restricts production of too many goods and services.d. resources are limited.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-0TOP: Scarci

7、ty MSC: Interpretive 8. Approximately what percentage of the worlds economies experience scarcity?a. 25%b. 50%c. 75%d. 100%ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 9. When a society cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have, it is said that the economy is experiencin

8、ga. scarcity.b. shortages.c. inefficiencies.d. inequities.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 10. For society, a good is not scarce ifa. at least one individual in society can obtain all he or she wants of the good.b. firms are producing the good at full capacity.c. all members of

9、society can have all they want of the good.d. those who have enough income can buy all they want of the good.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 11. Which of the following products would be considered scarce?a. golf clubsb. Picasso paintingsc. applesd. All of the above are correct.

10、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-0TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 12. Economics is the study ofa. production methods.b. how society manages its scarce resources.c. how households decide who performs which tasks.d. the interaction of business and government.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Economies, Scarcity MSC: Def

11、initional 13. Economics is the study ofa. how society manages its scarce resources.b. the governments role in society.c. how a market system functions.d. how to increase production.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Economies, Scarcity MSC: Definitional 14. In most societies, resources are allocated bya. a

12、single central planner.b. a small number of central planners.c. those firms that use resources to provide goods and services.d. the combined actions of millions of households and firms.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0TOP: Resource allocation MSC: Interpretive 15. The adage, There is no such thing as a free lu

13、nch, is used to illustrate the principle thata. goods are scarce.b. people face tradeoffs.c. income must be earned.d. households face many decisions.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Interpretive 16. The adage, There is no such thing as a free lunch, meansa. even people on welfare have to pa

14、y for food.b. the cost of living is always increasing.c. to get something we like, we usually have to give up another thing we like.d. all costs are included in the price of a product.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Definitional 17. Economists use the phrase There is no such thing as a fre

15、e lunch, to illustrate the principle thata. inflation almost always results in higher prices over time.b. nothing is free in a market economy.c. making decisions requires trading off one goal against another.d. if something looks too good to be true, it probably is not worth pursuing.ANS: C DIF: 2 R

16、EF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Interpretive 18. Which of the following statements best represents the principle represented by the adage, There is no such thing as a free lunch?a. Melissa can attend the concert only if she takes her sister with her.b. Greg is hungry and homeless.c. Brian must repair the

17、 tire on his bike before he can ride it to class.d. Kendra must decide between going to Colorado or Cancun for spring break.ANS: D DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Applicative 19. The principle that people face tradeoffs applies toa. individuals.b. families.c. societies.d. All of the above are cor

18、rect.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Applicative 20. A typical society strives to get the most it can from its scarce resources. At the same time, the society attempts to distribute the benefits of those resources to the members of the society in a fair manner. In other words, the society

19、faces a tradeoff betweena. guns and butter.b. efficiency and equity.c. inflation and unemployment.d. work and leisure.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive 21. Guns and butter are used to represent the classic societal tradeoff between spending ona. durable and nondurable g

20、oods.b. imports and exports.c. national defense and consumer goods.d. law enforcement and agriculture.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Interpretive 22. When society requires that firms reduce pollution, there isa. a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms owners and workers.b. a tr

21、adeoff only if some firms are forced to close.c. no tradeoff, since the cost of reducing pollution falls only on the firms affected by the requirements.d. no tradeoff, since everyone benefits from reduced pollution.ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Applicative 23. A tradeoff exists between a

22、 clean environment and a higher level of income in thata. studies show that individuals with higher levels of income actually pollute less than low-income individuals.b. efforts to reduce pollution typically are not completely successful.c. laws that reduce pollution raise costs of production and re

23、duce incomes.d. by employing individuals to clean up pollution, employment and income both rise.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Applicative 24. Which of the following phrases best captures the notion of efficiency?a. absolute fairnessb. equal distributionc. minimum wasted. equitable outcom

24、eANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Efficiency MSC: Interpretive 25. Which of the following is true?a. Efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie; equity refers to how the pie is divided.b. Government policies usually improve upon both equity and efficiency.c. As long as the economic pie continually

25、gets larger, no one will have to go hungry.d. Efficiency and equity can both be achieved if the economic pie is cut into equal pieces.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Efficiency, Equity MSC: Interpretive 26. Efficiency means thata. society is conserving resources in order to save them for the future.b. so

26、cietys goods and services are distributed equally among societys members.c. societys goods and services are distributed fairly, though not necessarily equally, among societys members.d. society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarce resources.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Efficiency MSC: Defin

27、itional 27. Economists use the word equity to describe a situation in whicha. each member of society has the same income.b. each member of society has access to abundant quantities of goods and services, regardless of his or her income.c. society is getting the maximum benefits from its scarce resou

28、rces.d. the benefits of societys resources are distributed fairly among societys members.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Equity MSC: Interpretive 28. Senator Smith wants to increase taxes on people with high incomes and use the money to help the poor. Senator Jones argues that such a tax will discourage

29、successful people from working and will therefore make society worse off. An economist would say thata. we should agree with Senator Smith.b. we should agree with Senator Jones.c. a good decision requires that we recognize both viewpoints.d. there are no tradeoffs between equity and efficiency.ANS:

30、C DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Efficiency, Equity MSC: Applicative 29. Which of the following words and phrases best captures the notion of equity?a. minimum wasteb. maximum benefitc. samenessd. fairnessANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-1TOP: Equity MSC: Definitional 30. When government policies are enacted,a. equity can

31、 usually be enhanced without an efficiency loss, but efficiency can never be enhanced without an equity loss.b. efficiency can usually be enhanced without an equity loss, but equity can never be enhanced without an efficiency loss.c. it is always the case that either efficiency and fairness are both enhanced, or efficiency and equity are both diminished.d. None of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-1TOP: Government, Efficiency, Equity MSC: Applicative 31. A likely effect of government policies that redistribute income and wealth from th