K12通用版中考英语二轮复习介词讲义.docx

1、K12通用版中考英语二轮复习介词讲义介词学员姓名： 年级：九年级 辅导科目：英 语 学科教师： 授课日期授课时段08：00-10:00授课主题介词专项教学内容课前回顾1.单词默写2.作业讲解知识梳理知识点一、方位介词：1. at、 in 和on 的用法区别：at表示较小的地点。 at the bus stop at home in表示较大的地方 in China in the world on表两物体接触。 There is a plate on the table.或表示在一个平面上 on the farm over above和on 的用法 over指在正上方表垂直在上。 There is

2、 a bridge over the river.above指在上方属于斜上方 Raise your arms above your head. 2、in front of 和in the front of in front of 表“在之前”范围外 There are some trees in front of the classroom. in the front of表“在的前部”范围内 Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom. 3、in 、to和on in表示在某一地区的某方位属于某范围 A in B to表示某一

3、地区之外的某方位不属于该范围 A to B on表示两地有地方相接 A on B Beijing is in the north of China. Japan is to the east of China. Korea is on the east of China.知识点二、时间介词at、in和on at表具体的时间点：at one oclock、at noon、at night in表世纪、年、季、月、星期：in the 1980s、in 2008 、in spring ，还可以表示某一天的某个部分。 in the morning/afternoon/evening 【例】36. Th

4、e artist became well known _ . A) in his thirties B) of thirty C) about thirty D) the thirtiethon 表具体某一天或具体某一天的上午：on a cold morning on Teachers Day. 【例】32. Shenzhou VII was launched September 25, 2008. A) at B) during C) in D) on注意在含有this that 、next、 last 、tomorrow、 yesterday等词或词组前不用介词。 【after和in】 表

5、示“时间”时的区别 ：in和after表示时间时都是“在以后”的意思。in表示从现在算起到若干时间以后用于一般将来时、过去将来时。 Hell come back in a week. after表示从过去算起到若干时间以后用于一般过去时. He came back after a few days. 【辨析】in只可接时间段，after除接时间段以外还可接时间点。表示在将来某个时间后。【例】35. The plane will take off three hours. I must get to the airport at once.（2012闵行一模） A) at B)in C)on D

6、)by注意：until和by的区别1、by意为“不迟于某时间”其前多用结束性动词。 We can finish the work by the end of this month. ；2、until用于否定句中意为“直到才”其前的谓语动词多用结束性的用在肯定句中意为“直到为止”其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。 I didnt go to bed until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home.巩固练习1. You can always see people exercise in that park, ev

7、en _ cold winter mornings. A) on B) in C) at D) from2. She told me they arrived in Shanghai _the evening of October 20th. A. on B. in C. to D. at源:3. Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day _ November 28th, 2014. A. for B. at C. in D. on4. The English teachers had a special training session _ Sunday

8、mornings. A) in B) to C) on D) at5. The opening ceremony of Wulong International Kite Flying Festival was held _ the morning of April 4, 2015 in Chongqing. A) at B) in C) on D) by6. The little boy wants to know which animals come out for food only_ night. A) for B) at C)on D)in A A D C C B【易混知识】 1.

9、between 和among的区别between常指 “在两者之间”。among用于指“在三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。如强调三者以上的人或事物之间也可用between. 如：Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. Miss Wang stands among her students. You shouldnt eat between meals. 2. across和through的区别两者都用于表示“穿过越过”。across含有“从表面穿过”之意或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作。through含有“从中间穿过”之意。表示游渡 乘船过海或河时用across. He

10、 can swim across the river. She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 3. in with和by表示“用”时的区别in主要表示 “用语言、声音等”with表示“用具体有形的东西”by表示“用手段或方式”后常接动名词。 Can you sing this song in English ？I write my homework with a pen. The girl made money by selling flowers. 【例】1. Finally the Greeks manag

11、ed to capture the city of Troy_a trick in one night. A) with B)on C)by D)forC4. but、besides和except的区别but表示 “除之外”常与有否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do时but后接动词原形except所带的人或物前面常有all every any on及其他复合词但在否定句中except 却没有排斥性besides表示“除之外还有”它的意义是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物其前常有other another other any other a few等词。 We can do not

12、hing but wait.除了等我们什么也做不了。 All the students go to the zoo except Jim. 除了Jim所有的学生都去动物园了。 I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外我还有几个好朋友。5. by in和on表旅行方式by: 不涉及交通工具的名词时用：by sea 、by air涉及交通工具的名词用单数用前面不加冠词或任何修饰语，如by ship by plane。 当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时用on或in名词前应有冠词物主代词指示代词等修饰语。在开放或半封闭型工具前用on 在封闭型工具前用i

13、n。如on my bike in a car. 巩固练习1. Were doing much better_ English _ our teachers help. A. in at B. at in C. in with D. with with 2. Its very nice_ you to get me two tickets _the World Cup. A. for of B. of for C. to for D. of to 3. With the development of transportation, its convenient to go anywhere in

14、 Shanghai _underground.A) in B)by C)with D)onC B B知识点三：介词固定短语1.put+介词put down 镇压,写下来put forward 提出,提前,提供 put off 推迟,延期,打消,关上put on 穿上,上演put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造put into use 投入使用put ones heart into 全心全意投入2.look+介词look about around(1) 环顾四周。(2) 随便看，到处看。(3) 到处寻找。 (4) 仔细考虑。look after 照顾，照料，关

15、心。look at (1) 看，注视。看待。(3) 考虑(多用于含有否定意义的句子)。 (4) 检查。look back (1) 回顾，回想。 (2) 停滞，畏缩，倒退(通常用于否定句)。look down on upon 看不起，瞧不起look for (1) 寻找。(2) 期待，指望。look forward to 期待，盼望。注：该结构中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，所以其后接动词时要用动名词，而不用动词原形。 look into 调查，研究，了解。look like(1) 看起来象。(2) 好象要，似乎要look out(1) 向外看。(2) 注意，当心，小心。(3) 找出，挑选出

16、。look through 翻阅，浏览。look up (1) 查阅，查找。 (2) 看望，拜访，找(人)。 (3) 好转。look up to 尊敬。3.get+介词get up 起身；站起 get back 返回，回去，回家get to 到达 get into 进入；陷入；养成（习惯）；对感兴趣get off从下来；下车（船、飞机等） get on上车（船、飞机等） get close to接近；靠近 get in touch with与取得联系 get ready for为做准备 get along / on well with sb./sth.与某人相处融洽；某事进展顺利4.go+介词

17、 go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧 go to the cinema 看电影 go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) go to school (college) 上学(上大学) go to (the) hospital 去医院看病 go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 give back 归还，送回 give out 分发 give up 停止，放弃 give sb. a hand 助某人一臂之力 give sb. a call 给打电话 give a lecture (a piano concert) 作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会) give

18、lessons to 给上课 give sb. a chance 给一次机会 give a message to 给一个口信 give sb. sth. or give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人 give some suggestions 提建议 5.take+介词take ones advice 听从某人劝告 take place 发生 take ones place 坐的座位，代替某人职务take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动 take photos

19、 拍照take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车，火车知识点4：常见短语中介词的搭配I 形容词+介词：be afraid of 害怕某事做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的气be bad for对 有害be busy with sth. 忙于做某事be careful with 小心be difficult from 与不同be familiar with 与熟悉be famous for 因而著名be famous as 作为而出名be fond of 爱好be full of 充满be good to 对友善be good at 擅长be late for 迟

20、到be next to 紧挨着，接近be poor at 对比较差be proud of 为感到自豪be ready for 为做好了准备be surprised at 对感到惊奇be thankful to sb. for sth. 因感谢某人II 常用介词短语：at first起先，开始时 at home在家 at last最后，终于 at least至少 at present目前 at once马上 at school在学校 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 on business因公出差 on board在船上 on duty值班 on foo

21、t步行 on holiday在度假 ones way（to）在去的路上 on show上演 on the air在播送 on time准时by air mail寄航空信件 by and by不久以后 by bus/air乘公共汽车飞机 by day在日间 by night在晚间 by oneself亲自 by phone打电话 by ship/train乘船火车 by the way顺便说（问）一下 for a while暂时，片刻 for example例如 for good永远 for the first time第一次 for the time being暂时，眼下 from day t

22、o day 一天一天地 from door to door挨家挨户 from then on从那时起 from time to time不时地in a hurry匆忙地 in a minute一会儿 in a word简言之 in addition另外，还有 in charge of主管，负责 in common共同，共有 in danger处于危险中 in hospital住院 in fact事实上 in front of在的前面 in no time立刻，马上 in other words换言之 in public当众，公开 in return作为回报 in surprise吃，凉 in

23、the end最后，终于 in this way用这种方法 in trouble处于困境中 III 动词词组：break into闯入 care for照看 come across遇见，发现 compare with与相比 depend on依靠 die of死于某种疾病 dress up穿着盛装，化妆 get along with与相处 get rid of摆脱 go on a picnic去野餐go over复习 hold on不挂断（打电话用语） hurry off匆匆离开 join in参加 keep in mind牢记 laugh at嘲笑 learn from向学习 learn s

24、thby heart用心记忆 look after照料，照看 look forward to盼望make up ones mind下决心 see sboff为某人送行 shake hands with与握手 show sb. around带领某人参观 take part in参加 take in吸入，吸收 thank sb. for sth.因某事感谢某人 turn down关小，调低 wake sb. up叫醒某人 worry about担心，担忧巩固练习14年二模1. The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand _ moving to t

25、he rich land in the south of China. A) from B) with C) at D) on 2. It takes me an hour on average to get from home _ my workplace every day.A. with B. at C. by D. to 3. Its essential for citizens to know that the haze(雾霾)can do harm _ peoples health. A) with B) for C) on D) to 4. His interest _law l

26、ed him eventually to become a lawyer.A )in B)on C)to D)with 5. We enjoyed the wonderful firework display _ the night of National Day. A）in B）on C）for D）at 6. The little girl was quite angry _ his boyfriend for his being late. A）for B）on C）with D）at 7. Jane was worried because there was something wro

27、ng _ the engine of her car. A. of B. with C. at D. by ADDAB CB15年二模1. The English teachers had a special training session _ Sunday mornings. A) in B) to C) on D) at2. Excuse me, _ Im afraid this is a no-smoking area. A) for B) but C) so D) or3. I have got two tickets _ the concert tonight. Would you

28、 like to go with me? A) from B) about C) of D) for4. If you read a lot, your life will be full _ pleasure. A) of B) with C) by D) for5. Jenny is the first on the list of the famous stars because she was the richest _ them. A) in B) with C) over D) among6. Mrs. White walks a dog in the park nearby ev

29、ery morning _ its rainy or windy. A) since B) because C) unless D) until7. The opening ceremony of Wulong International Kite Flying Festival was held _ the morning of April 4, 2015 in Chongqing. A) at B) in C) on D) by8. This book provides us _ lots of skills to solve problems we meet in life. A) to B) for C) with D) of9. You can tell from the posters and photos _ the wall that Chen is a big fan of Jay Chou. A) in B) between C) on D) above10. My sister likes to wear the hat _ two flowers. It looks so beautiful.A) from B) to