1、非谓语动词专题语法专题(七)非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的句法功能二、非谓语动词的形式(以make为例)三、关于非谓语动词的几种被动形式的使用和区别四、不定式、V-ing形式和V-ed作不同句子成分的用法区别1.不定式、V-ing和V-ed作状语的区别(1)不定式结构常用作目的状语,表示结果常见于下列搭配:soas to;suchas to;enough to;tooto;never to.,only to(通常是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果)。这样考过(2009全国)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the cl
2、assroom.Alooked at Bto look atCto looking at Dlook at解析:句意:当这位著名的女演员走进入教室时,所有的孩子都转过头去看她。此处用to look at表目的。答案:B(2009福建三地五校)She returned home from the office,only _ the door open and something missing.Ahas found Bto be found Cto find Dfound解析:由句意:她从办公室回到家,结果发现门开着,也丢了东西。知only to find作结果状语,表出乎意料的结果。答案:C(
3、2009湖南十校联考)If the food tastes nice,well buy some;if _,_.Ano; no Bnot; notCnot; no Dno; not解析:第一空用not; if not表“如果不”,在此相当于if it doesnt taste nice;而第二空也用not,相当于we wont buy。答案:B(2009北京朝阳区)Peters mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never _ again.Ato find Bto be foundCfinding Dbeing found解析:彼得的手机
4、偶然落在一辆出租车上了,再也没找到。此处用不定式做结果状语,手机做句子主语,因此与find是被动关系,故选B项。答案:B(2)现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让步和结果;过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和让步。现在分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,过去分词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。这样考过(2009上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,_ all four people on board.Akilled BkillingCkills Dto kill解析:句意:一架小型飞机在城东五英里
5、外的山坡上坠毁,机上四人全部丧生。用kill的现在分词形式killingwhich killed作结果状语。答案:B(2009福建)In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,_ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.Amarking BmarkedChaving marked Dbeing marked解析:句意:2009年4月,胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队,这也是中国人民解放军海军成立60年的标志。答案:A(2008浙江)_ that he was
6、 in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.ANot realized BNot to realizeCNot realizing DNot to have realized解析:题意为“没有意识到自己正处于很大的危险之中,艾瑞克走进了森林更深处”。realize和句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。不定式作状语表示目的或者结果,与题意不符,故可排除B、D两项。答案:C(2009四川)_ many times,he finally understood it.ATold BTellingCHaving told D
7、Having been told解析:句意:他被告知了好多次,最后他终于懂了。这道题考查非谓语动词。句子主语是he,句子前是一个非谓语动词结构,he与动词tell存在被动关系,而且动作存在先后顺序。答案:D2不定式和V-ing作宾语的区别(1)疑问代词/副词动词不定式。这种结构常用于下列动词后:know,make up ones mind,decide,find out,learn,understand,wonder,forget,see,settle等。也可以用于介词后。这样考过(2007海淀)Have you thought about_to give her as a present?A
8、what BwhoCwhich Dwhere解析:考查疑问词加不定式的用法。此处根据句意应用what。答案:A(2007东城)I used to work in a nursery before so I know_to expect in this new job.Awhat BhowCwhy Dwhatever解析:what什么;how如何;why为的原因;whatever无论什么,任何东西。What to expent in this new job.作know的宾语,what作expect的宾语。答案:A(2)不定式结构一般不作介词宾语。介词接v.-ing作宾语。特例:but,exce
9、pt表示“除外”时,其前如有行为动词do的各种形式,不定式的符号to须省略,其他情况下要用带to的不定式。这样考过?(2009江西重点联考)_ the tonics(补品)are probably not harmful_ your wallet,Heller thinks that people who try them may not realize how highly caffeinated they are.AWhile; except for BAs; except forCWhile; except to DAs; except to解析:语境为:虽然补品也许无害除了对钱包之外但
10、是Heller认为尝试补品的人可能没有意识到它们的咖啡因含量有多高。此处while表示“尽管,虽然”,用来引导让步状语从句;句中的to表示对象。答案:C(3)只能跟to do作宾语的动词:agree,pretend,afford,appear,attempt,choose,dare,decide,be determined,fail,happen,hope,learn,manage,offer,refuse等。这样考过?(2009北京石景山区)I hope _ with her about that during the time we _ at college.Ato talk; studi
11、edBto have talked; are studyingCto talk; were studyingDto have talked; were studying解析:句意为“我希望上大学的时候就已经跟她谈谈那件事。”答案:D?(2008河北唐山摸底)Will the Johnsons leave for Australia this spring?No,they finally decided _.Anot to leave Bnot leavingCnot to Dnot to be leaving解析:当不定式的内容和前面的重复时,不定式可以省略,但不定式的符号to不省略,其否定形
12、式为not to。这里是decided not to leave的省略。答案:C注意:既可以跟to do又可以跟sb.to do的动词有beg,expect,promise,want,wish,would like/love;可以跟to do但不可以跟sb.to do的动词有hope,decide,refuse,manage,pretend,offer,plan,agree等。(4)只能跟V-ing作宾语的动词有:imagine,escape,cant help,enjoy,miss,allow,advise,consider,delay,excuse,feel like,finish,for
13、bid,give up,keep,mind,permit,practise,put off,suggest等。这样考过?(2008上海高校春季)As a new driver,I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and again.Aparking Bto parkCparked Dpark解析:practise vt.“实践,练习”,其后必须接动名词,不能用不定式作宾语。句意为:作为新司机,我不得不在我的小车库里一遍又一遍地练习停车。答案:A?(2006北京)I cant stand_with Jane in the s
14、ame office.She just refuses_ talking while she works.Aworking; stopping Bto work; stopping Cworking; to stop Dto work; to stop答案:C注意:上述大多数动词可在V-ing前加上逻辑主语,逻辑主语通常用名词或代词的所有格表示,也可用它们的宾格表示:Do you mind their/them making noises here?你介意他们在此吵闹吗?(5)有些动词既可以跟不定式作宾语,也可以跟动名词作宾语。区别如下:love,like,hate,prefer跟V-ing表
15、示习惯性动作或行为;跟to do表示某次具体的行为。forget,remember,regret跟V-ing表示事情已做过;跟to do表示事情还没做。这样考过?(2009海淀)He loves breathing fresh air in the suburbs and _ in the morning sunshine.ASit BsittingCsits Dis sitting答案:Btry跟doing表示“试着做”;跟to do表示“尽力做”,相当于seek to do/attempt to do/make an effort to do。这样考过?(2007南京)Id like to
16、 learn more about the Doha Asian Games.Better try_the CCTV website,and you are likely_the information in no time.Ato visit; to get Bto visit; gettingCvisiting; to get Dvisiting; getting解析:try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”;be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”,be likely后不可接动词 ing。答案:Cmean跟V-ing表示“意思是,意味着”;跟to do表示“打算做”
17、。这样考过?(2006湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always _her permission for things,think again.Agets Bgot Cto get Dgetting 解析:mean doing意思是,意味着,mean to do打算要句意:如果你认为善待妇女(女性)就意味着事事都要得到她的批准,那就再想想吧。答案:Dconsider跟V-ing表示“打算做某事”;跟sb./sth.to do表示“认为”。begin/start跟V-ing/to do意义上无区别,但如下三种情况常使用不定式:a
18、该二词用于进行时:Its beginning/starting to rain.开始下雨了。b物作主语:The ice began/started to melt.冰开始融化。c其后的非谓语动词表示心理活动:I began/started to realize my mistake.我开始意识到自己的错误。(6)need/want/requireV-ing(to be V-ed)用主动形式表达被动的含义,表示“需要被”;be worthV-ing也用主动形式表达被动的含义,表示“值得”。这样考过?(2009浙江五校联考)As a result of the earthquake,two-thi
19、rds of the buildings in the area _.Aneed repairing Bneeds repairingCneeds to be repaired Dneed to repair解析:主语为buildings,所以谓语动词应该用非第三人称单数,可以排除B、C两项。根据句意,建筑物需要被修理,应该用need doing或者是need to be done,所以选择A项。难度适中。答案:A?(2009广东扬子江中学)Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires _.Aimproving Bim
20、provedCbeing improved Dto improve答案:A(7)on,think of,how/what about,for,against,in spite of,as a result of,because of,feel like等介词宾语只能用V-ing。这样考过(江苏高考)The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.Afind Bto findCon finding Din finding解析:insist当“坚持(认为该怎样做)”解时,后接虚拟语气的从句或接 on doin
21、g。答案:C注意:下列动词短语中to为介词,后面应用V-ing形式作宾语。pay attention to注意;see to注意,负责;lead to导致;refer to谈到,涉及;turn to求助于;stick to坚持;object to反对;be/get used to习惯于做某事;devoteto为奉献时间、精力等;get down to开始认真做某事;be accustomed to 习惯于。这样考过(2007郑州)Many teachers strongly object to_at school.Asmoke BsmokingCsmoked Dhaving smoked解析:
22、object to(反对)中的to是介词,后面接动名词形式。答案:B(2008江苏)They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals.Ato talk Bto not talkCto talking Dto not talking解析:be accustomed to后跟动名词作宾语,动名词的否定形式应该在动名词前面加not。答案:D(2008大连八中)I was close to _ the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.Ab
23、e killed; thatBbeing killed; whatCbeing killed; whichDkilling; what解析:close to中的to是介词,后接动名词的被动式作宾语。后一空填what,what引导的名词性从句作at的宾语。答案:B3不定式、V-ed和V-ing作宾语补足语的区别(1)hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,observe,look at,make,let,have后的宾语补足语如用不定式,to常省略;但上述动词为被动语态时,to不可省略。这样考过(2009泉州质检)I really like this song as it
24、 is often heard _ everywhere in China.Asinging BsungChaving sung Dto sing解析:it代指上文this song,sing与song之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词sung作主语补足语。答案:B(2008全国)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.Apicked up Bpicks upCpick up Dpicking up解析:句意为“导演要他的助手为这次会议准备一些热狗”。have sb.do sth.为固定结构,其中do sth.为省
25、略to的不定式作宾语补足语。和have类似用法的使役动词有make,let。答案:C(2009杭州质检)Blamed for breaking my promise,I felt my face _ hot,and hung my head in shame.Ato grow Bto be growingCgrown Dgrow解析:本题考查“feel宾语宾补”结构,由于feel是感观动词,故用动词原形作宾补。答案:D(2)tell,want,allow,warn,advise,ask,beg,encourage,cause,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,help,
26、invite,would like/love,order,permit,persuade,remind,teach,wish,prefer后的宾语补足语用to do。(注意:help后的宾补to do中的to可省)这样考过(2009湖南浏阳一中)The old grandfather,much to the surprise of the doctors,wont want his granddaughter_ this week.Ato operate on BoperatesCto be operated on Doperating 答案:C(2008上海春)Due to the heav
27、y rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced _ their homes.Aleaving Bto leaveCto be left Dbeing left解析:句意:由于大雨和洪水,已经有一千万人被迫离开他们的家园了。force sb.to do/sb.be forced to do“迫使某人做”。 故选B项。答案:B(3)think,believe,consider,find,imagine,feel,suppose后常跟to be或to haveV-ed作宾语补足语。这样考过(上海高考)The flu is believe
28、d_by viruses that like to be reproduced in the cells inside the human nose and throat.Acausing Bbeing caused Cto be caused Dto have caused 解析:根据flu 和介词by可知应该用被动语态,所以排除A和D项;再根据is believed,可知C为最佳选项。因为,sth.is believed/considered/thought to be/as sth.是英语中的一种常见句式。答案:C(4)feel,find,see,catch,hear,watch,not
29、ice,have,get,keep,leave后常跟V-ing作宾语补足语。这样考过(2008上海春)If we have illegal immigrants _ in,many local workers will lose their jobs.Acame Bcoming Cto come Dhaving come解析:句意:如果我们让非法移民不断涌入,许多当地的工人就会失业。havesb./sth.doing“让一直干”;have sb.do“让某人做”;havesth.done“让某事被做/遭遇某事”,如:He had his leg broken yesterday.他昨天摔断腿了。答案:B(2008河南郑州四中)As soon as I entered Evans company I saw a board _“_to Evans”Areads; Welcomed Bwritten; to WelcomeCreading; Welcome Dprinted; Welcome解析:“
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