物流管理物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记.docx

1、物流管理物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记物流英语课文内容精讲串讲笔记课文内容精讲Unit 1General Introduction to LogisticsModern logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sectors of the economic society,which may include but by no means

2、 is limited to:packaging，warehousing，material handling，inventory，transport，forecasting，strategic planning and customer service.现代物流与物资及信息的及时有效流动相关，而物资和信息的及时有效流动对经济社会的不同领域的顾客和客户有着极其重要的意义。现代物流包括但不限于下列方面：包装，仓储，材料搬运，存货，运输，预测，战略规划，客户服务。Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,impleme

3、nts and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers requirements.物流是供应链的一部分，计划、执行和控制产品、服务及相关信息从原产地到消费地的及时有效流动和存储以满足客户要求。课文内容精讲Unit 2An Important FactorIt is universally acknowledge

4、d that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use.就产品而言，普遍认为有两类，一类是消费类产品，另一类是工业用途产品。Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate consumers.According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, c

5、onsumer products can be put into three categories:convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products.消费类产品是指直接面对终端消费者的产品。根据消费者挑选产品和服务的三种不同方式以及从哪里购买这些产品，消费品可分为便利型产品，购买型产品和特殊产品三种。Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with li

6、ttle comparative shopping.便利型产品是指消费者需要经常、及时购买并且不十分需要比较差价的产品和服务。Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seek and compare: comparing in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation.购买型产品是消费者愿意到处寻寻觅觅，比较价格、质量和性能，三思之后才作出购

7、买决定的产品。Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them.特殊产品是指买家愿意花费大量精力并为了获得它们可以忍受很长的等待时间的产品。The 80/20 concept is derived from the fact that the bulk of the sales are generated from relat

8、ively few products in the product line. This simply means 80 percent of a firms sales are generated by 20 percent of the product line items. An exact 80 20 ratio is rarely observed, but the disproportionality between sales and the number of items is generally true.80 20概念是说销售量中的大部分来自生产线上种类相对少的产品。也就是

9、说，公司销售量的80%是由20%的产品实现的。精确的80 20比例是很难达到的，但是销售量和产品种类数目间的不一致一般是存在的。It is reasonably expected that the volumes of cargo flow in any given firm vary depending on how successful their sales are. At any point in time, there exists a product phenomenon called the 80 20 curve, a particularly valuable concept

10、 for logistics planning.任何公司的货物流量都应该根据销售量的大小来决定，这是合理的。在任何时候，产品都存在着80 20曲线现象，这是物流计划中非常有价值的概念。课文内容精讲Unit 3TransportationTransportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems. It may account for one third to two thirds of total logistics costs. The choices available to t

11、he users typically include the five major transport modes (air, truck, rail, water, and pipe) and their combinations. Users may hire the services or own the means of transportation.运输是物流系统设计和管理的一个重要部分，可能占整个物流成本的1/3到2/3。用户一般可以选择五大运输模式（飞机、汽车、铁路、水路和管道运输），也可以互相结合运用。用户可以租用运输服务或者使用自有的运输工具。Rates are based

12、primarily on three factorsdistance, shipment size, and competition.费率主要由三方面决定运输距离、每票货物的大小以及市场竞争。Cost allocation is one of the factors that affect pricing. The shippers perspective about it is important, though it is chiefly something that the carriers should pay attention to.成本分配是影响定价的诸多因素之一。虽然这主要是承

13、运人应当注意的事情，但托运人的看法也很重要。JIT:just in time,准时制，是实现零库存（zero inventory）的一种途径。JIT service can help to reduce inventory cost.准时制服务可以节省库存开销。课文内容精讲Unit 4Logistics StrategyInventory is viewed as playing a role in the value added process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer

14、 you are.在增值过程中库存被人们认为起着重要作用，这并不意味着以库存的形式存放的货物越多，你就越富。On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many cases, computed according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegge

15、d to the prime interest.一方面本金随着批量大小而改变；另一方面，利息随着投资在存货上的本金的多少而增减，而大多数情况下，存货是根据主要利息率或指定利息率计算的。The lot sizing concept balances the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the relationship is to remember that average inventory is equal to one half the order

16、 quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequently, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volu

17、me.批量大小的概念平衡了维持库存的成本和降低订购成本的矛盾，理解他们的关系的关键是要记住平均库存数等于订购数量的二分之一。每次订购的量越大，每个订购计划周期内订购次数就越少。因此整个订购成本就越少。批量公式指明在给定销售额下，年综合定购成本和维持库存的最低点。课文内容精讲Unit 5PackagingPackaging can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging. Generally speaking, consumer packaging, which mainly aims at containing t

18、he goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it, is of little value to logistics operation. But industrial packaging has a significant impact on the cost and productivity of logistics.包装可分成工业性包装和消费性包装两大类。一般来说，消费性包装主要为了盛装商品，促进商品销售，方便顾客使用，而对物流运作价值不大。但是工业性包装却对物流成本与物流生产力有很大的影响。The function

19、s of Industrial packaging include：工业性包装的功能包括：First, it should protect the goods from damage during handling, storing and transportation.第一，它必须防止商品在搬运、存储和运输过程中受损坏。Second, it should promote logistical efficiency.第二，包装应能促进物流效率。The third important logistical packaging function is communication or inform

20、ation transfer.物流包装的第三个重要的功能就是通讯或信息传播。To identify package contents for receiving, order selection and shipment verification, etc., is the most obvious communication role of packaging. Typical information includes manufacturer, product, container type, count, and Universal Product Code (UPC) number.包

21、装最显著的信息传播作用就是收货入库时查验包内货物、分拣和每票货物的查验。典型的包装信息包括生产商、产品、容器型号、数量以及通用商品代码（UPC）。课文内容精讲Unit 6PurchasingFor most organizations, supply management means purchasing. In many firms,purchasing has been seen as a clerical activity. However, the emergence of the supply chain management concept has enlightened many

22、 managers about the strategic role played by purchasing.对于大多数企业组织来说，供应链管理意味着采购，在许多公司里，采购一直被视为职员的行为。然而供应链管理概念的出现使许多管理人员从采购所起到的战略性作用中受到启发。Purchasing contributes to the firms efficiency and effectiveness in many ways. First, it helps to determine a firms cost structure.采购的许多方面有利于提高公司的工作效率和工作效果。首先，采购有助于

23、决定公司的成本结构。Second, good purchasing practices avoid operational problems.第二，良好的采购实践避免了营运上的问题。Without effective purchasing practices, operations in a firm may be disrupted, customer service levels may fall, and long term customer relationship may be damaged. Before any product can be manufactured, supp

24、lies meeting certain conditions must be available. Fortunately, progressive managers have recognized these potential contributions of purchasing and have taken the necessary steps to ensure results.缺乏富有成效的采购，公司的运作就会陷入混乱，客户服务水平也会下降，长期的客户关系就会受损。任何产品在生产之前，符合相关条件的各种供应物必须到位。幸运的是，先进的管理人员已认识到采购所起到的潜在的推动作用，

25、并采取了必要的措施确保其取得良好的效果。课文内容精讲Unit 7InformationInformation is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides the facts that supply chain managers use to make decisions. Without information, a manager will not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock and when more produc

26、ts should be produced and shipped. In short, without information, a manager can only make decisions blindly.信息对于供应链的绩效至关重要，因为它提供信息给供应链管理者，供其做出决策。没有信息，管理者就不知道顾客想要什么、有多少库存及何时需要制造出更多产品并进行运输。总而言之，没有信息，管理者就只能盲目地做出决策。Supply chain managers use information to make many important decisions relating to each o

27、f the supply chain drivers.供应链管理者使用信息来做出很多重要的决策，这些决策与供应链每个环节都息息相关。Managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where information technology comes into play.管理者必须要知道怎样收集信息和分析信息。这一点就是信息技术发挥作用的地方。Information technology (IT) consists of the hardware and software used throug

28、hout a supply chain to gather and analyze information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and delivering the information necessary to make a good decision.信息技术（IT）包括了在整个供应链中收集和分析信息的软件与硬件设备。信息技术系统在供应链中相当于管理方的眼睛与耳朵，它能捕捉和传送必要的信息，利于做出正确的决定。课文内容精讲Unit 8Supply ChainS

29、upply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers, etc. that supply to each other raw material, components, products and service.供应链的定义是一个网络，它包含了工厂、供应商、零售商等等，它们互相给对方提供原材料、零部件、产品和服务。Supply chain management means the design, planning and control of the information flow, m

30、ovements of goods and money with a view to strengthening competitiveness.供应链管理指为了增强竞争力而对信息流通、货物移动和货币的流通进行设计、策划和控制。Ford Motor Company is a case in point. Henry Ford envisaged a totally self sufficient industrial empire.福特汽车公司是一个很好的例子。亨利福特设想建立一个自给自足的工业帝国。Fords objective was control. To achieve this go

31、al, he set out to develop the worlds first complex vertically integrated firm.福特的目标就是要控制。要达到这一目的，他开始发展世界上首家机构复杂、垂直一体化的综合性公司。At the peak of Fords vertical extension the firm faced economic, regulatory, and labor union barriers that eventually required products and services to be provided by a network

32、 of independent suppliers. The key to effective marketing was finally found by developing a strong network of independent dealers. As time passed, Ford discovered that specialized firms could perform most essential work as well as or better than his own bureaucracy. In fact, these specialists often outperformed Fords own units with respect to quality and cost. Entrepreneurial firms soon became contributors to Fords network. Over time, the Ford strategy shifted from ownership based control to one of orchestrating channel