高三非谓语动词导学案.docx

1、高三非谓语动词导学案 非谓语动词专项练习 2016.3 非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。一、基础知识1.非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式现在分词动名词不定式（to do）过去分词（done）注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things

2、worse (更糟的是)，not to mention(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)2.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs

3、doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not二、重点难点（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. wei

4、ghs C. weighed D. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不

5、定式的形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。it作形式主语使用动名词的句型It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time)It is a waste of time tr

6、ying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse,

7、escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）（三）非谓语作表语的重点不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。 Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。Their job

8、is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如： This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的

9、特征）This dog is frightened.这条狗有些害怕。（说明狗的心理状态）Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。（tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态）注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建议的是降价促销。（不定式作表语，说明主语“是什么”）My Ameri

10、can teacher is to leave China soon.我的美国老师即将离开中国。（不定式作表语，表示将来）Her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顾小孩。（现在分词作表语，说明主语“是什么”）She is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。（构成进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作）The cup is broken.杯子碎了。（过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态）The cup was broken by Peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。（构成被动语态，说明主语是动作的承受者）（四）非谓语作宾语

11、补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系在谓语动词后发生不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. （主动进行）I saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程）We heard her singing next door.（主动进行）We heard the song sung by her next door. （被动完成）We heard the song being sung ne

12、xt door. （被动进行）2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语补足语advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语时（五）非谓语作定语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系分类形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式to do动宾关系在谓

13、语动作后发生“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系在谓语动作前或者后发生to be done被动关系在谓语动作后发生现在分词doing主动关系与谓语动作同时进行being done被动关系与谓语动作同时进行过去分词done被动关系在谓语动作之前发生存在的状态或情况It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。He was the last one to leave the office. 他是最后一个离开办公室的。The woman standing over there

14、 is our English teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.（将要建的）The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.（正在建的） The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.（已经

15、建成的） I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢。（六）非谓语作状语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing（一般式）作状语主动关系（几乎）与谓语动作同时进行having done（完成式）作状语主动关系先于谓语动作发生having been done（完成被动式）作状语被动关系先于谓语动作发生done（过去分词）作状语被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the d

16、octor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see the laboratory.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked

17、 (=When he was locked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.2.tooto, enough to do, only to等结构表示结果 The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people. 这厅大得足以容纳一千人。They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。注意：动

18、词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. 真题再现：1. _(face) with a bill for $ 10,000, John has taken an extra job. 2.He hurried to the booking office only _（tell）that all the tickets had been sold out. 3. _（convince ）that the government can lead

19、them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. 4. After he became conscious , he remembered _(attack) and_(hit)on the head with a rod. 5. Isnt it time you got down to _ (mark ) the papers? 6. I dont know whether you happen_(hear) it, but I am going to study

20、in the United States this September. 7. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ (launch) at the end of last March. 8. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ (train) for a space flight. 9. _ (say) that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am

21、abler than her. 10. She wants her paintings _ (display) in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. 11. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ (water) every day. 12. I feel greatly honored _(welcome) into their society. 13. _(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old

22、 man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. 14. _ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. 15.I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _(promote) when we talked on the phone. 16. _(show) around the Water Cube, we wer

23、e then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. 17. _ (fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. 18. He was busy writing a story, only _(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 19. If we have illegal immigrants _(come) in, many local workers will lose their jobs.

24、 20. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ (help) reduce unemployment pressures. 21. The government plans to bring in new laws _ (force) parents to take more responsibility for the educati

25、on of their children. 22. There is a great deal of evidence _ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain. 23.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _(stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 24. Dina,_(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally too

26、k a position at a local advertising agency. 25. I have a lot of readings _(complete) before the end of this term. 26. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _(lay) for a meal to be cooked. 27In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small, is pleasant _(deal with

27、). 28. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _(weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 【答案及解析】1. Faced: 面对1万美元的账单，约翰找了份额外的工作。Faced with a bill for $ 10,000，是过去分词作原因状语，相当于(As he was) faced with a bill for $ 10,000, John has taken an extra job. 固定结构be faced

28、with(面对)。2. to be told: 他匆匆忙忙去预售票办公室，仅被告知票已售完。only+to do sth不定式作结果状语。he与tell是被动关系，故用only to be told 。only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人们的意料的结果。又如：She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里，被告知他们度假去了。3. Convinced: 人们相信政府能带领他们走出金融危机，所以他们对国家的未来很乐观。sb. be convinced that意为“某人被说服；某人相信”，为固定搭配。句

29、中convinced以及其后的从句作状语，相当于：As people are convinced that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, 4. having been attacked/being attacked; hit：remember+doing/having done sth.记得做过了某事。强调attack在became之前做了，且是被动。5. marking：get down to doing sth.开始做某事，to是介词。6. to have heard：我不知道你是否已碰巧听见，但今年九月我准备去美国读书了。固定搭配happen to do sth. 不定式动词hear在know之前已经发生，故用to have heard。句子分析：主(I )+ 谓动(dont know)+ 宾从( whether you happen to have heard it)，but(并列连词, 连接两个分句) Im going to study in the USA this September.7. having been launched：这个国家已经发射了三艘无人驾驶飞船，最近一艘是在去年三月底。此题考查独立主格结构。因为已经发射了所以要用完成时态，而逗号后面没有连词连