整理牛津译林版八年级上册英语知识点归纳.docx

1、整理牛津译林版八年级上册英语知识点归纳八年级英语总复习摘要 (供复习参考)（语法部分）一、词汇词汇学习是英语学习的重要部分，掌握一定量的词汇是我们进行口头和笔头交际的基础。词汇试题的主要测试内容为词语释义、词形转换和词语辨析等等，要求考生既要掌握基本词汇的意义，又要有运用词汇的基本能力，达到语言交际的目的。(一) 词形转换1、名词的复数形式。(1)规则变化：一般直接在词尾加s：penpens; tabletables以s、x、o、ch、sh结尾加es:busbuses; watchwatches, 但radio, photo和stomach后只加s, zero后加es或s均可。辅音字母加y结尾

2、的，把y改i加es;citycities; partyparties以-f; -fe结尾的，改成v加es:knifeknives; wifewives, 但roof后只加s。(2)不规则变化：footfeet; manmen; childchildren; mousemice2、形容词、副词的比较级等级的变化。(1)规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加 er/ estsmallsmallersmallest; clevercleverercleverest辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变成i加 er / est:easyeasiereasiest; heavyheavierheaviest词

3、尾以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写该辅音字母加 er/ est:bigbiggerbiggest; hothotterhottest多音节词，在词前加上more/ most:slowlymore slowlymost slowly;interestingmore interestingmost interesting(2)不规则变化：good(well) betterbest;many(much) moremost;littlelessleast; bad (ill, badly) worseworst;farfarther(further) farthest(furthest)3、人

4、称代词、物主代词和反身代词：分类单数 复数人称一 二 三 一 二 三人称代词主格IYouHesheitweyouthey宾格meyouHimheritusyouthem形容词性 物主代词myyourHisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyoursHishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves4、基数词变序数词主要掌握112及20、21等的序数词的形式，其它序数词都是在基数词末尾加th，是有规律可循的。onefirst sixsixt

5、h eleveneleventhtwosecond sevenseventh twelvetwelfththreethird eighteighth thirteenthirteenthfourfourth nineninth twentytwentiethfivefifth tententh twenty-onetwenty-first5、动词的变化形式(1)动词的现在分词构成一般在动词后面加ing:trytrying; playplaying以不发音的e结尾的去e,再加ing：comecoming; makemaking以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，先双写该辅音字母后加ing:run

6、 running; beginbeginning注：lielying (2) 规则变化：动词的过去式和过去分词的构成一般在动词后面加ed：workworkedworked以辅音字母加y结尾的，将y改成i, 再加ed：studystudiedstudied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，应先双写该辅音字母后加ed：stopstoppedstopped不规则变化：cut、hit、let、put、read、set等过去式，过去分词与其原形相同。(二)构词法1、名词变名词(人)示例：farmfarmer; FrenchFrenchman2、名词变形容词示例：(1) 在名词后加ful: careca

7、reful; helphelpful(2) 在名词后加y: sunsunny; cloudcloudy3、形容词变副词示例：(1) 一般直接在形容词后加ly:quickquickly; usualusually(2) 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改为i, 再加ly:easyeasily; luckyluckily(3) good(好的)副词是well(好地)。而well作形容词时意为“健康的”。4、动词变名词示例：(1) 一般在动词后加er, 表示人：teachteacher; drivedriver; winwinner(2) 在某些动词后加ion:operateoperation; inve

8、ntinvention(三)词语释义1、同义词释义例：work job; almost nearly; fast quick (quickly)英语中有一些词意思相近或相同，它们之间可以互换。但有的词只有在一定条件下才可互换。如：work和job都可译作“工作”。但work是不可数名词，而job是可数名词。2、转化释义例：come back get back; by plane by air3、概念释义hear from get a letter from; send for sb ask sb to come它常用浅近通俗的英语来解释一些词语的固定结构。4、否定释义例:dirtynot cl

9、ean, differentnot the same5、常识释义它是对生活、自然、社会常识的词作定义式的解释。例：century100 years; springthe first season of a year。附常见词语的释义：（注：1、以下的词汇和短语，可能有少数是没学过的，考虑到它们的常用性，也将其归纳在此，并要求学生掌握其基本用法。2、书上有很多短语，有些不太重要或太难了，未收录在下面，也可能有一些比较重要，但不慎遗漏了，只好下次归纳时再补漏，请原谅。编者）be able to cancatch a cold have a coldarrive at/ in reach, get

10、todifficult not easy, hardexpensive not cheap, dearglad pleased and happyhurry be quicklook up a word find a word in a dictionarymiss fail to findloud not quietperson a man, a woman or a childreturn come or go back, give backright away at once, immediately，in no time ，in a minuteseveral some; a fewp

11、erhaps maybe (probably)look after take care ofstop keep from movingcatch up with come up from behindbeside next tohold on wait a moment, hold the line (often on the phone)be interested in like to know and learn abouton time at the right timea lot of/lots of many or muchtake ones time not hurry; be s

12、lowweak not strong enoughtake a look look, have a looka little a bitat last in the endparent father or motherjust now a short time agodo some shopping buy something; go shoppingwash make clean with waterbe good at do well in leave go away fromenjoy oneself have a good timegive sb. a call ring sb. up

13、, (tele) phone sb., call sb.fall asleep get to sleepMarch the third month of a yearpresent giftbring out take outcertainly of coursestay indoors be at homemore than overbusy not freehave no idea dont know sth.each other one anothermiss not catch (keep) up withnear close todecide make up ones mindcha

14、nge into turn intohurry go quicklytoo as welldifferent not the sameenter go intoa moment a whilerich wealthyfor example for instancecall on sb. visit sb.speak make a speechthe rest the otherstry ones best do ones best, try hardhappen take placebe full of be filled withbe sure believebe all right be

15、wellin front of beforewrite down take downstay up (late) go to bed latego to the cinema see a film, go to the movieby day in the dayhave to mustrain hard rain heavilypoint to point atroom spaceeverywhere here and therealone by oneself，one ones ownalmost nearlyalways at all timebegin startbright clev

16、er ,wiseclose shutsimple easyfamous well knownlight not heavya quarter fifteen minutesseveral a fewsoft not hardthis evening tonightmany years ago once upon a time , long ago(四)重点词语辨析a little, a few, little, fewand, but, soarrive (at/in), get (to), reachborrow, lendbring, carry, takecan, may, mustgi

17、ve/show sb. sth，give/show sth. to sbhear, listen tolook for, find, find outsay, speak, talk, tellspend, take, pay, coststop doing, stop to doother, the other, others, the others, another, have been (to), have gone (to)interested, interestingask, ask forbe made by, be made in, be made of, be made fro

18、mbecause, because ofbetween, amongin the east, to the eastWhat about? How about? Why not.？ how often, how soon, how longhad better, would rather, would like preferalready, yetanswer, replyboth, allAmerica, Americandate, daydie, dead, deathso, suchtoo, eitherasleep, sleepy, sleepelse, otherdrop, fall

19、fast, quickhigh, tallhouse, home, roomjob, worklaugh, smileproblem, questionquite, quietsee, look at, watchsick, illwear ,put on ,dress well, goodwhile, when（五）常用重点短语 a bit (of) 有一点儿a couple of 两个；几个a group of 一群a kind of 一种; 一类a lot of (lots of) 许多a pair of 一双; 一副a piece of 一(块,张,片,件)according to 按

20、照;根据after school 放学后agree with sb. 同意某人的意见all day (long) 整天all over 到处all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了all the same 还是, 仍然all the time 一直all the way 一路上agree on 同意arrive at / in a place 到达某地ask for 请求; 寻求at first / last 起先;开始的时候/ 最后；终于at home 在家(里)at once 立刻;马上at school 在学校;在上课at the moment 此刻,目前; 那时,当时at the s

21、ame time 同时at work 在工作at/on weekends 在周末be able to 能够(有能力)be afraid of 害怕be angry with sb. 生某人的气be bad for 有害于be born 出生于be busy with / doing sth. 忙于做某事be careful with 小心be covered with 被覆盖be different from 与不同be famous for 以而著名be full of 充满be good / poor at 善长于 / 对比较差 be interested in 对感兴趣be late f

22、or .迟到be made of 由制成be pleased with 对满意/be pleased at 对.满意be proud of 为而感到自豪be ready for 为作准备be worried about 为而担心because of 由于belong to 属于by air mail 寄航空邮件by bus 乘公共汽车by oneself 亲自by phone 打电话by the way 顺便说;顺便问一下call on 拜访care for 照顾; 喜欢catch (a) cold 着凉;伤风change ones mind 改变主意come on 快;走吧;跟我来come

23、to an end 结束consist of 由.组成cover an area of 占地面积deal with 处理die of 因病而死do ones best 尽最大努力do some shopping 买东西each other 互相enjoy oneself 过得愉快fall off 从.跌落far away (from) (离)遥远feel like 想要find out 找出;查明;了解for example 例如for the first time 第一次from now on 从此以后; 今后get back 返回get off 下车get on 上车get to 到达ge

24、t up 起床give back 归还;送回give out 分发go for a swim 去游泳go home 回家go off 发出巨响go on 继续go on a picnic 去野餐go on with / doing sth. 继续做某事go to (the) hospital 去医院(看病)go to bed 就寝go to sleep 入睡go to the cinema / movie(s) 去看电影go up 走上前去grow up 成年;长大had better 最好还是;还是好hand in 上交happen to do 碰巧做happen to sb. 发生到某人身

25、上have (got) to 不得不have a class / lesson 上课have a good time 玩得很愉快;过得很愉快have breakfast 吃早餐have no idea 不清楚have sports 进行体育活动hear from 收到来信hear of 听说help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事here and there 到处hold a meeting 举行会议in a minute 一会儿in a way 在某种程度上in charge of 主管,负责in English 用英语in fact 事实上;实际上in front of 在前面

26、in hospital 住院in surprise 惊奇地in the end 最后;终于in the middle of 在中间in one weeks time 一周以后 in this way 这样in time 及时in trouble 处于困境中just a minute 等一下just now 现在;刚才keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep fit 保持健康keep. from 使不做keep quiet 保持安静keep sb. busy 让某人忙个不停laugh at 嘲笑learnfrom 向学习leave for 动身去less / more than 少于

27、/ 多于listen to 听(讲话)live on 靠为生look after 照料;照顾look at 看;观看look for 寻找look forward to 期待着look like 看上去象;显得look out 当心look up 查寻; 抬头看lose ones way 迷路lose weight 减肥make a decision 做出决定make a living 谋生make a noise 弄出声make friends with 与交朋友make fun of 拿.开玩笑make money 挣钱;赚钱make the bed 整理床铺make up ones mi

28、nd 下决心next to 紧挨着;紧靠着not until 直到才now and then /again 时而; 偶而of course 当然of ones own 属于某人自己的on business 有事, 出差on foot 步行;走路on holiday 在休假on ones side 在某人一边on show 在展出on the other hand 另一方面on the phone 在听电话on the right 在右边on the/ones way (to) 在去的路上on time 准时on weekdays 在工作日once a day 每天一次once every four years 每四年一次one after another 一个接一个,连续地one another 互相over there 在