人教八年级下册英语第一单元知识点汇总.docx

1、人教八年级下册英语第一单元知识点汇总Unit 1 Whats the matter?【重点单词】matter mt v. 重要，要紧，有关系Whats the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？sore s:(r) adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的have a cold 感冒stomach stmk n. 胃，腹部stomachache stmkek n. 胃痛，腹痛have a stomachache 胃痛foot(复数feet) fu:t n. 脚neck nek n. 颈，脖子throat rt n. 喉咙fever fi:v n. 发烧，发热lie la v. 躺，平躺lie down 躺下

2、rest rest n. 剩余部分，其余；放松，休息cough kf n. & v. 咳嗽X-ray eksre n. X光，X射线toothache tu:ek n. 牙痛takeheadache hedek n. 头痛have a fever 发烧break brek n. & v. 休息，暂停；打破take breaks (take a break） 休息hurt h:t v. 伤害，损害，使受伤passenger psnd n. 乘客，旅客off f adv. prep. 离开（某处）；从去掉get off 下车to ones surprise 使惊讶，出乎意料onto nt prep

3、. 向，朝trouble trbl n. 麻烦，烦扰，问题hit hit n. & v. 碰撞，打，打击right away 立即，马上get into 陷入，参与herself h:self pron. 她自己，她本身（she的反身代词）bandage bndd n. & v. 绷带；用绷带包扎sick sk adj. 患病的，不适的knee ni: n. 膝盖nosebleed nzbli:d n. 鼻出血breathe bri: v. 呼吸sunburned snb:nd adj. 晒伤的ourselves :selvz pron. 我们自己（we的反身代词）climber klam(r

4、) n. 登山者be used to 习惯于 适应于risk rsk n. & v. 风险，危险；冒险take risks (take a risk) 冒险accident ksidnt n. 意外事件；事故situation sitjuein n. 状况，形式，情况kg=kilogram klgrm n. 公斤，千克rock rk n. 岩石run out (of) 用尽，耗尽knife naif n. 刀，餐刀cut off 切除blood bld n. 血mean mi:n v. 意味着，意思是，意欲get out of 离开，从 出来importance mp:tns n. 重要性de

5、cision dsn n. 决心，决定，抉择control kntrl v. 控制，支配，操纵be in control of 掌管，管理spirit sprt n. 勇气，意志death de n. 死亡give up 放弃nurse n:s n. 护士【重点短语】1.have a fever 发烧2.have a cough 咳嗽3.have a toothache牙疼4.talk too much说得太多5.drink enough water 喝足够的水6.have a cold 受凉;感冒7.have a stomachache 胃疼8.have a sore back 背疼9.ha

6、ve a sore throat 喉咙痛10. take risks 冒险11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12.see a dentist 看牙医13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片14.take one s temperature 量体温15.put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药16. give up 放弃17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着走22.on the side

7、 of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one s surprise 另某人惊讶的是28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于29. in time 及时30. make a decision 做出决定31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从出来35. keep on doi

8、ng sth. 继续或坚持做某事36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so.that. 如此以至于

9、.48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中【重点句型】1. Whats the matter with you?= Whatthe trouble with you?= Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？3.Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗？4.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。5. Do you think it comes from a ne

10、wspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。 基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】n.问题；事情What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble

11、 with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】：matter 和 trouble 为名词， 其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词 with 连 用。即：Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I had a co

12、ld.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼have a headache 头疼3. 身体部位 ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach ache=stomachachehead ache=headachetooth ache=toothacheback ache=backache 后背痛4. much too 形容词，意为 太. ，too much 名词，意为 很多，大量 。5. enoug

13、h【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough 放在名前后，形副后。good enough 足够好，enough money=much money6. lie down 躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式 lay；lie 说谎，过去式 lied7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词 be 的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like 名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds li

14、ke a good idea. sound 形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，实义动词 need 名词，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；agree with sth. 同意某

15、事如：I agree with that idea.agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如：I agree to LiLei.12. trouble 问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble 遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulty (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。14. advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见，give sb. adviceon sth.就某事给某人建议；advise 动词adv

16、ise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.15.exercise 练习、锻炼当 exercise 意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加 s 当 exercise 意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加 s16. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词，（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.17.clean【动词】打扫，clean the classroom 打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner 意为清 洁工。18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The b

17、oy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。19.be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/ become used to

18、sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. free形容词空闲的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird.free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.21.run out 用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do som

19、ething to save his own life.物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English.importance n. 重要（性），

20、important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的24.decision 【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision 做决定 ;make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control 无法控制，无法管理be under control 被控制住，在控制之中26. mind 意为 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某

21、事 ,Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上 保持一致。【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look aft

22、er ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短语当中。look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy one

23、self 玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth给自己买东西introduce oneself介绍自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我 自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework.(正) I myself can finish my homework./ Learning with Joy Achieving with WillI can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用 ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons.(正) Im drawing with my own crayons