英语被动语态.docx

1、英语被动语态英语被动语态【知识总结归纳】一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语熟练转换 A将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为： 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态； 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时

2、by短语可以省略）。 2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句） （填m ust be thrown away） Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态） Where _ vegetables _ ？（填were；grown） B.被 动 语 态 的 使 用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常

3、用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China.三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am / is / a

4、re + P.P.（1）Do they speak French ?（2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them ?The room isnt used by them .一般过去时was / were + p.p.（1）The hunter killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the hunter .Many stories was written by him last year .现在进行时am / is / are +

5、being +p.p.（1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him .过去进行时was / were + being + p.p.（1）He was selling books .（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being built by him . The p

6、lan was being discussed by them at that time .现在完成时have / has + been + p. p.（1）She has learned many English words .（2）He has finished the work .Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时had + been + p.p.（1）They has solved the problem .（2）We had told him t

7、he news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .一般将来时shall / will be + p.p.（1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 过去将来时would be + p.p.was/ wer

8、e going to be + p.p.（1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week .情态动词can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework .（2）You must a

9、nswer the question in English .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must be answered in English by you .四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） （被动语态） Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）

10、 A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother （填was given to） 1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch,

11、 find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me (2) The meat was cooked for us.2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）此类用

12、法常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice listen to, look at，等。3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”比较：（1）（2）4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg. 五注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： 1.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, list

13、en to, look after, think of, talk about,bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away D She will take

14、 good care of the children（变被动语态） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） （填be taken good care of） 2含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （填was seen to） 3不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被

15、动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C 4 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首： Who wrote the story? 误：Who was the story written? 正：By whom was the story written?5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question.误