形容词比较级和最高级变化规则.docx

1、形容词比较级和最高级变化规则形容词比力级和最高级变动规则之迟辟智美创作形容词级的变动规律和级的用法: 一、形容词级的变动： 1、规律变动： 单音词的变动：（四条） 一般情况： +er(比力级) +est(最高级) eg :quiet-quieter-the quietest bright-brighter-the brightest 明亮/聪慧的 dear-dearest-the dearest clever-cleverer-the cleverest 词末为-e（不发音）+ r -+st eg:fine-finer-the finest nice-nicer-the nicest cute

2、-cuter-the cutest close-closer-the closest white-whiter-the whitest large-larger-the largest free-freer-freest(特殊) 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母的： 双写辅音字母+er-双写辅音字母+est eg:hot-hotter-the hottest big -bigger-the biggest red-redder-the reddest wet-wetter-the wettest sad-sadder-the saddest fat-fatter-the fattest thi

3、n-thinner-the thinnest fit-fitter-fittest 少数以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节 原根词： 变y为i+er 变y为i+est 形容词和副词用法比力形容词和副词形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比力级和最高级.形容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样，它们的形式与单音节、双音节和多音节有关，固然还有其特殊形式.形容词和副词比力级的基本用法分为同级比力、比力级和最高级三种形式.但这三种形式都有它们特殊的表达方式以及它们的惯用法.对以下要点年夜家须一一掌握. 第一节 形容词比力级和最高级的形式 一、形容词比力级和最高级的构成 形容词的比力级和最高级变动形式规则如下 构 成 法

4、 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 一般单音节词末尾加 er和 eststrongstrongerstrongest单音节词如果以 e结尾，只加 r和 ststrangestrangerstrangest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母， 须先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er和 estsadbighotsadderbiggerhottersaddestbiggesthottest少数以 y, er(或 ure), ow, ble结尾的双音节词， 末尾加 er和 est(以 y结尾的词，如 y前是辅音字母， 把y酿成i，再加 er和 est，以 e结尾的词仍 只加 r和 st)angryclev

5、ernarrownobleangriercleverernarrowernoblerangrestcleverestnarrowestnoblest其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different more different most different 1) The most high A mountain in B the world is Mount Everest， which is situated C in Nepal and is twenty ninethousandonehundredandfourtyonefeethighD . 2) This h

6、ouse is spaciouser A than that B white C one I bought in Rapid City， South Dakota D last year. 3) Research in the social A sciences often proves difficulter B than similar C work in the physical D sciences. 二、形容词比力级或最高级的特殊形式： 1. 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most 只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the mo

7、st beautiful而不能说beautifullest. 可是，以形容前缀 un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest 2. 由 ING分词和 ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来暗示它们的比力级和最高级 more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等. 4) The drawings A of the old

8、masters B are among the treasuredest C works in museums D . 3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不成能有比力级形式 absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta- utter entire foremost perfect neous vital eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole excellentinfiniteprimarysupremewooden三、不规则形容词的比力级和最高级形式 good we

9、ll better bestbad ill worse worstmany much more mostlittle few less leastfar farther farthest further furthest5) African elephants are larger， fiercer， and difficulter A to tame B than C Asian elephants D . 6) Sarah Hale became A one of the famousest B magazine C editors in the United States during

10、D the 1800s. 7) Of all A the Native American tribes B ， the Shawnee Indians were C a most D transient. 四、例题解析 1) A错.应将“most high”改为highest.这是在考形容词比力级的构成形式. 2) A错.改为more spacious. 3) B错. 改为more difficult. 4) C错. treasured 在本句中是 ED分词(动词treasure ed)作形容词使用，是“贵重的、珍贵的”意思，修饰名词 works(作品)，其最高级形式应用 the most t

11、reasured. 5) A错，改为more difficult. 6) B错.改为“the most famous”，因为famous(著名的)是双音节，其最高级变动应在前面加“the most”. 7) D错.应改为“the most”，因为此处暗示的是最高级，“the most transient”意为“(延续时间)最长久的”. 第二节 副词比力级和最高级的形式 副词比力级和最高级的变动形式与形容词基本上一样 一般 副词 hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater latest earlyearlier earliest 特殊 副词 w

12、ell better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 可是，开放类副词即以后缀 ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加 er或 est，如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 注： early中的 ly不是后缀，故可以把 y变 i再加 er和 est第三节 形容词与副词比力级和最高级的基本用法 一、原级比力的基本用法 1. 原级比力由“as形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)as ”构成“原级相同”比力句，暗示两者比力；其否定

13、式，即“水平不及”比力句型为“not so(as) 形容词或副词as”，而且asas结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等暗示水平的词修饰 1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as . A to run for fifteen minutes B running for fifteen minutes C you run for fifteen minutes D fifteen minutewalking2)Thegorilla(年夜猩猩)， while A not qu

14、ite as curious than B the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence C and memory retention(记忆力) in solving D a problem. 3) Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state， Texas. 2. “as (so)名词as名词”进行名词比力，这时一般情况下有一个暗示原级的比力词，但如果第一名词前呈现了形容词修饰该词或呈现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as 4) Thomas Jeffersons achieve

15、ments as an architect rival his contributions a politician. A such B more C as D than 5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考题) A that B so C this D as 二、比力级 1. 比力级由“形容词(副词)比力级than，”构成暗示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加”.连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、 ING结构和 ED结构，有时也可省去than. 6) Natura

16、l mica(云母) of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica. 7) She is older than . A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group 8) Josephine McCrackin joined A the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her

17、 death fifteen years late B ， remained C active in journalistic D work. 2. 注意than前后两项相比力的人或事物要一致 9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than . A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us 10) Sound travels air. A faster through water than through B faster than thr

18、ough water and C through water faster andD where it is faster through water than through 11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrands pupils， followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D . 三、最高级 1. 最高级用于三者以上比力，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词形容词最高

19、级名词暗示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等) 12) The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear. 13) Of all economic A problems， inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and bus

20、iness. 14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. A All the activities B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities 2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the 四、例题解析 1) B为正确谜底. 2) B错.改为 as ，和前面的as和形容词原形curious 一起构成同水平比力. 3) B错. 改为as large. 4) C对.动词rival(胜过、匹敌)前

21、后是两个相比力的成份achievements(功效)和 contributions(贡献)，由于前面的名词后呈现了短语 as an architect，故空白处也应用as，使前后比较成份一致. 5) B为正确谜底. 6) C错.应改为比力级cheaper.比力级后其实纷歧定跟接连词than，有时在其间有名词或名词短语(被形容词所修饰)，介词短语，不定式或其他成份隔开. 7) A为正确谜底.“She”作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D分歧毛病)，也不能跟全组所有相比，因为“她”也是其中一员，自然“她”不能跟自己相比.这里“She”比力的是“这组中的任何一个”，所以A对. 8) B错.应改为比力级lat

22、er，因此处实为与1905年相比晚15年，故应使用比力级. 9) D为正确谜底. 10) A为正确谜底. 11) D错. 改为his masters. 12) A错. 改为most. 13) C错.改为the， significant是多音节形容词，在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all ”. 14) C为正确谜底.本句空白处缺状语，A和B全为名词短语，不符合条件；D为句子，和空白后面的句子没有任何联系，故亦应排除.只有C正确，和后面的最高级the most familiar前后呼应. 第四节 形容词和副词的特殊表达法 一、形容词与副词的同级比力： 由“a

23、s(so)as”引出，其否定式为“not so”或“not asas”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子 1. as such：暗示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子，必需被看成孩子看待. 2. as much：暗示“与同量” Take as much as you like. 拿几多都行. I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意把它买下的. He as much as admitted the whole story

24、. 他几乎全部供认了. 3. as many：暗示“与一样多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错. 二、暗示“几倍于”的比力级：用twice (两倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as as 结构 This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍年夜.(这个比那个年夜三倍.) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的年夜两倍. / He has books twice

25、 as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍. 1) The five yeardealobligatesA the country to buy nine million tons B of grain a year C ， three million more as D the old pacts minimum. 三、“the same 名词as”暗示同等比力 2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye. A in the same function B the same function as C the f

26、unction is the same as D and has the same function 3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed. A as the same value B the same value C value as the same D the value is the same 四、比力级前可用a little, a bit, sligh

27、tly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语暗示不定量，far, completely,still暗示水平或更进一步 4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were. A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated 5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are th

28、an those taken from the Earth. A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer 6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered A migratory， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter. 兼有两种形式的副词 1) close与closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch hi

29、m closely. 2) late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply deep意思是深，暗示空间深度；deeply时常暗示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly high暗示空间高度；highly暗示水平，相当于much The plane was f

30、lying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide与widely wide暗示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多处所 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.形容词使用顺序巧记忆当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列? 为什么不能说a black new pen，而要说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循?如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮手记忆而诬捏的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序.Opshacom中op代表opinion，指暗示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；sh代表