高考英语浙江专用优编增分二轮试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 题型五 14.docx

1、高考英语浙江专用优编增分二轮试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 题型五 14十四、文章结构题一、篇章结构题(2018“六校联盟”第三次联考)Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，incl

2、uding research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in zoology may come true.Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies.These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science b

3、ackground to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world.Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat preservation.Career

4、s in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species.Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals，or may work in the field gathering information on pote

5、ntial threats to the health of global ecosystems.Some conservationists work in educational fields，trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe，stable animal population.Veterinary medicine i

6、s an important specialty field，and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian.While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets，vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with

7、exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.Humans love to observe animals，and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs.Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs，to creating the proper d

8、iet for a deer，or to cleaning the tigers cage.Many volunteer and entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals.1What is the purpose of researching on animals in zoology?ATo help governments make laws.BTo improve researchers scientific knowledge.CTo create safe and effective products fo

9、r humans.DTo educate people to protect animals.答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat preservation.”可知，动物学研究动物的目的是教育人们保护动物。故选D。2

10、What can careers in zoology that focus on veterinary medicine help?ABetter understand animals.BProtect animals health.CClean the animals cages.DIncrease the number of animals.答案B解+析推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe，stable anima

11、l population.Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field.”可知，动物易得疾病且易受伤害，动物学方面的某些职业如兽医学有助于创造一个安全、稳定的动物种群。由此可知，B项描述正确，故选B。3Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage?(P1Paragraph 1；P2Paragraph 2；P3Paragraph 3；P4Paragraph 4；P5Paragraph 5)答案A解+析篇章结构题。第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是

12、总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。后边四个段落从不同角度对第一段进行分述，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。4What does the passage mainly present?AVolunteers passion for zoology.BA new idea of careers in zoology.CDifferent types of careers in zoology.DEffective measures of a

13、nimal protection.答案C解+析主旨大意题。文章介绍了动物学的相关职业是非常多样和独特的，并就四种职业进行了讲解。故选C。二、写作手法题(2015重庆，D)There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物) in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys.Several safari camps o

14、perate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautifu

15、l，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face，it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animal

16、s，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，as does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light

17、 streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.Back at the camp you can kick off your boots an

18、d enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.51The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by .Afollowing space orderBfollowing time orde

19、rCmaking classificationsDgiving examples答案B解+析写作手法题。整篇文章是根据在非洲观赏野生动物的时间顺序组织的。一、题型解读近几年全国卷均未对篇章结构题这一考点进行考查，但近几年地方卷偶有涉及。此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查考生的阅读理解能力，为防止2019年高考爆冷，仅编写此考点，供学有余力的考生选用。二、解题技巧把脉络看结构篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：(1)Which of t

20、he following shows the development of ideas in this passage?(2)Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the (whole) passage?因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种，如下图所示：注意：1文章的段落组织通常采用“总分；分总；总分总”的框架。2内容的展开则常用以下手法：时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况。空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明。例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等。对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对

21、比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。例如：【感悟体会】 一中第3题，通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。【感悟体会】二中，通读全文发现文章中出现很多线索词，如The morning ride，In the evening，Back at the

22、camp，可知文章是根据时间顺序来介绍骑马观赏野生动物的。故选B项。A(2018江西赣州一模)Time wasters are real enemies of success.Time wasters could be people，events or habits that lead to the opposite path away from our goals.The most important starting point in removing the time wasters in life is to know about them.We need to sit down an

23、d analyze the activities which take our time.Start by making a list of our activities and sort out the neither urgent nor important ones.Sometimes it could be a simple addiction to a TV Soap Opera，constant 1distractions，or even one of our core(核心的) activities that we are not excellent at doing.We ca

24、n，for instance，imagine that we are a business owner and we keep sabotaging our business deals，leading the company into great financial problems.It may be time for us to have our associates do the marketing while we concentrate on the areas we are best in.The next thing would be to make sure that we

25、plan our daily activities.One of the obvious reasons is that we will have an upper hand in fighting against time wasters in our schedule.If what we want to do or what we dont want to do becomes clear，our focus is strengthened.Moreover，when we think of people we spend time with，we are sure to notice

26、that some have a more positive 9impact on our success while others have a negative one.It is important to be able to 2distinguish them especially with regard to our schedule.While we do not 3advocate for everyone to throw away relationships，it is good to know that helping a friend who is emotionally

27、 disturbed can wait till dinner time.Finally，do the same to our habits.List all the habits and addictions that take any amount of our time.Then，take a little time to straighten them out in line with their importance and urgency.Depending on our analysis，kill those that are harmful to our goals in li

28、fe.1Which of the following is the best title for the passage?AThe Importance of Developing Good HabitsBThe Significance of Planning Daily ActivitiesCWays of Distinguishing People We Spend Time withDWays of Removing Time Wasters from Our Lives答案D解+析标题归纳题。由全文主题句“We need to sit down and analyze the act

29、ivities which take our time.”可知，本文主要讲述了如何从我们的日常生活中清除浪费时间的事，故选D。2The underlined word “sabotaging” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”Apromoting BofferingCdamaging Dstriking答案C解+析词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：例如，我们可以想象我们是一名企业主，并且在生意中一直 ，导致公司陷入严重的财务问题。从句意可知，画线词表示一个负面的意思，只有C项符合。3What do we know about time was

30、ters from the passage?AThey fail to set clear goals for their life.BThey arrange things on importance and need.CThey turn away our attention from achieving goals.DThey are addicted to sorting out the important activities.答案C解+析推理判断题。由第一段中的“Time wasters could be people，events or habits that lead to t

31、he opposite path away from our goals.”可以推断出浪费时间的人、事件或习惯会让我们在实现目标的过程中分心，选C。4Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?AP1P2P3P4BP1P2，P3P4CP1P2，P3，P4DP1，P2，P3P4答案B解+析篇章结构题。这篇文章采用了总分总的结构，故选B。BBefore I studied 4psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny thi

32、ngs occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological 5factors that make people laugh 10other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laughand the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be.I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt，and