口译常用速记符号.docx

1、口译常用速记符号口译中常用的速记符号 :因为, 由于， 幸亏 ；because , due to , thanks to :所以,因此，结果是；so, therefore, consequently :不等于,不同，有差距；different, disparity :约等于,大约，大概；about, almost, nearly :大于,超过，高于；surpass, exceed, more than, superior to :小于,少于，低于；less than, inferior to :小于或等于 :大于或等于= :等于,意味着,一致，公平；the same as, equal to,

2、 mean to, similar to . :错误，不好的，否面的；wrong, negative, mistake, bad, not, wrong/incorrect， something bad，notorious， :正确，好的，肯定; right, correct, good, positive, affirmativeN :不同意; disagreeY :同意; agree :上升，扩大，提升，发展，增加，起飞; up, rise, increase :下降，向下，下调，减少，恶化，裁减; down, decrease :促进,发展,上扬，越来越好； :下挫，不断亏损； :强，好

3、,另外，多; strong, good，plus, add, moreover, besides:更强，更好; stronger, better+3 :表示多的最高级：most :弱，差,减去，出去，除了; weak, minus, deduct, in short of, except:更弱，更差; weaker, worse-3 : :行动，行为，法案；action, act :在之中， 在之内; among，within，between :属于；belong to :导致，结果，向前，到达，交给，输出;lead to, go, arrive at :来自，源于，进口，收到，邀请，回顾，是

4、的结果;(be) invited :优秀的，杰出的 V :胜利 ？ :问题、疑问 :和,与,和一道and, together with，along with，accompany, etc.= :结论是 ./ :一方面; ;/. :另一方面; ./. :关系 :国家country, state, nation, / :国与国 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. 表示少于概念：less/smaller，etc.表示低概念：inferior to，etc. =

5、 表示同等概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示对手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示在.之间：among, within, etc. 表示不同概念：be different from, etc. 表示无敌概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大约概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示否定，消除等概念：cross out, eliminate

6、, etc.五、 标点等: 表示各种各样说的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示问题：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw? . (dot) 这个.点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样.d表示yesterday, .y表示last year, .2m表示two month ago. y表示this year, y2. two year laternext week, 可以表示为wk. 表示转折 表示好的状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示同意状态，stand up for，

7、support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. 表示重要的状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示交流状态：exchange，mutual, etc.&表示和，与：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc. 表示结束：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、 较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为 m 例

8、如：socialism Sm-tion简 简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn-cian 简 简写为 o 例如：technician techo-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnflAbbreviations in Note

9、 takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard ab

10、breviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final let

11、ters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro= introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable s

12、keleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = fr

13、equenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportan

14、t words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transit

15、ional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard ab

16、breviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg b

17、udgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognizable abbreviation. Examples:

18、assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognizable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg de