人教版选修八第一单元词汇学习.docx

1、人教版选修八第一单元词汇学习B8-U1 词汇学习1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓着make/ draw a distinction between A and B 对加以区分without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地with distinction以优异的成绩,以杰出的表现 gain/obtain/win distinction 出名There is a fine distinction between the two words.这两个字之间有细微区别。We should make a distinction between right and wrong

2、.?我们应该分清是非。We must make a distinction between freedom and license.我们必须把自由和放纵区分开来。Michael graduated with distinction from the university.迈克尔以优异的成绩从大学毕业了。 He passed the examination with distinction.?他以优异成绩通过考试。Employers should hire men and women without distinction. 雇主用人应不分男女。distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的

3、be distinct in .from . 在某方面与不同Mozarts style is quite distinct from Haydns.?莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air.?周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。She is trying to remain calm, but there is a distinct edge to her voice.?她竭力想保持冷静，但她的声音中却显然带着怒气。2. live on 继续活着,继续存在； 住在上； 以为食1. She l

4、ived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了多年。2. These traditions will live on for centuries. 这些传统将世代相传. 3. The composers works will always live on. 这位作曲家的作品将永远留在人间. 4. The people find it hard to live on. 民不聊生. 5. Most mammals live on land. 大多数哺乳动物生活在陆地上. 6. Most of Asians live on rice.

5、 多数亚洲人以大米为主食. 7. The lonely old man lives on charity. 8. Mozart is dead but his music lives on. 短语归纳 live短语：live on sth 以某物为食,靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live for sth 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth 经历某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同居 live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth 接受或容忍某现象 live to be.

6、 = live to the age of. 活到岁live a. life 过着的生活3. means n手段；方法 (单复数同形)Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.All possible means have been tried，but none worked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。by this means 通过这种方式by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by every means 用尽一切可能的办法by no means 决不，一点也不（位于

7、句首时，句子用部分倒装）by any mean 无论如何As is known to us，telephone is a useful means of communication.众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。In many places in China，the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.在中国的许多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still n

8、ot very clear.为防止空气污染，每种可能的方法都已用过了，但天空仍然不清澈。(1)by means of 借用，依靠We express our feelings by means of words.我们用语言来表达感情。The actress rose to fame overnight by means of her perfect performance in the film. (2)by no meansnot at all一点也不By no means am I satisfied with my present job.我对目前的工作一点也不满意。This is by

9、 no means a good way to solve the problem.这绝非解决问题的良计。(3)by this means通过这种方式You can do it by this means.你可以用这种办法去做。 (4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必May I use your bicycleBy all means！我可以用你的自行车吗？当然可以！1But by no means _ with my progress.Athe teacher is not satisfiedBis the teacher not satisfiedCthe teacher is

10、 satisfiedDis the teacher satisfied2The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house _ a ladder.Aby the means Bby all meansCby ways of Dby means of3She couldnt speak，but made her wishes known _ sign.Aby means of Bby any meansCby all means Dby no meansDo you think w

11、e should put an ad in the paper for the lost childYes，_.Athats all right Bby all meansCit just depends Dnever mind4. in additionadv. 另外； 除此之外； 并且； 况且 In addition, 相当于副词。位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。This garden has the best collection of native plants. In addition, it contains numerous trees and flowers

12、 from overseas. 这座花园有当地植物的最佳珍藏。另外，它还有无数来自海外的花草树木。 许多词可以和它替换，如：additionally，furthermore，besides。 In addition位于句末，相当于 “as well” Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.玛丽舅母为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋甜饼。When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and , in addition, broke her glasse

13、s. 黛安妮摔倒时, 摔伤了胳臂, 还摔坏了眼镜. You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。In addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性成分做宾语。 In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. 除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。In addition to the killed and wo

14、unded, many were missing. 除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。 In China, both late marriages and late childbirth are advocated, in addition to fewer and better births. 在中国, 晚婚晚育和少生优生均受到提倡鼓励. 5. majority n大多数；大半major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻 (反义词minority少数；少数民族) be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 have a majority over sb 获得超过对方的

15、票数A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。Obama had a majority over Mitt Romney and won the election.奥巴马得票多于米特罗姆尼，获得大选的胜利。The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.大多数学生认为靠他们挣得钱生活很难。The majority of stud

16、ents were in favour of the suggestion that they go out for a picnic the next day.He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。(1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词

17、也用复数。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。In the nursing profession，women are in a /the majority.女性在护理行业中占大多数。1Dont worry about the present situation in the world；_of people prefer peace to war.Athe most

18、Bthe great partCthe majority Dthe number2. Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are _(占大多数)in a/the majority6. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉3. We should keep up our good traditions.我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。4). We should try to keep up (沿袭) our old customs.7. make a life习惯于

19、新的生活方式、工作等come to life变得更有趣；变得活跃live/lead a.life过着生活come back to life苏醒过来，恢复生机bring.back to life使苏醒过来make/start a new life开始新生活make a living by 靠谋生Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities.一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。They moved out West to make a new life there.他们迁往西部去开始新生活。The

20、 young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities to make a life. The old couple made a living by selling vegetables.这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。5Soldiers who fought all the way to the faraway places couldnt come back，and they had to _a life on the foreign lands.Amake Bcome Cbring Dlaydespite prep.尽管；不管 n

21、.憎恨；轻视Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。 Despite all our efforts we still lost the game. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。 Despite the drought，we expect a good crop尽管天旱，丰收依然在望。She ignored all despites and carried on with her dreams. 她不在乎别人的轻视,继续追逐自己的梦想。 In spite of the bad weather, we

22、 went fishing.我们不顾恶劣的天气而去钓鱼。In spite of our advice, he married above himself.他不顾我们的劝告，同比自己地位高的人结了婚。 Despite用作介词时，与 in spite of同义，都表示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意，但程度有所不同。一般说来，in spite of的语气较强，使用范围也较广； despite的语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite 与(al)though都有“尽管”的意思，despite是介词，后接名词或代词；而although=though是连词，后接表示让步的状语从句。例如：I t

23、hink he is sad, despite his smiles.?尽管他在微笑，我认为他很悲伤。?We went for a walk although/though it was raining.?尽管下雨，我们还是去散步了。Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.虽然他们打得很勇敢，但还是没有机会获胜。establish vt.建立，创建；确立或使安全；使被安排好；使成为; 查实，证实；The School was established in 1989 by an Italian professor.这所学

24、院由一名意大利教授于1989年创建。We had already established contact with the museum.我们已经和那家博物馆建立了联系。establish a leadership position 确立领导地位establish a good way of life创立优秀的生活方式establish a small working group 成立小型工作组Medical tests established that she was not their own child.医学化验证实她不是他们的亲骨肉。It will be essential to es

25、tablish how the money is being spent.查清楚这笔钱将作何用途至关重要。8. occur vi. A. 存在B. 发生C. 被想到(1)Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. (2)It didnt occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. (3)Do giraffes occur in Africa onlysth. occurs to sb. 某人想起某事It occurs to sb. that 某人想起It occurs to sb. to do

26、sth. 某人想起做某事表示“某人突然想起”的其他句型：sth. strikes sb. It strikes sb. thatIt crosses sb.s mind that sth. comes to sb.I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。Just then an idea occurred to me.就在那时，我想起了一个主意。It occurred to her that she might adopt the

27、 homeless child.她突然想她可能会收养那个无家可归的孩子。It didnt occur to her to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。 Then a practical idea hit/struck/occurred to her!那时他突然想到一个切合实际的主意！It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.我一下子明白我们如何改善局面了。It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.我突然想到我

28、们可以用计算机来做这项工作。Why are you so lateI was in half the way when it _ to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.Aoccurred BhitChappened DremindedIt suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. A. happened B. occurred C. thought D. took placeA

29、n accident did, however, _ at the street corner last night.A. occur B. take place C. happened D. broke out9. indicatevt. 指出, 指明，表明；象征；指示, 显示, 暗示，预示；1. I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。2. The clouds indicate the coming of rain.云彩预示着即将下雨了。3. His hes

30、itation indicates unwillingness. 他的犹豫表明不愿意。4. Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究显示男人觉得比女人更容易戒烟。5A high fever indicates (表明) that a persons body is fighting disease. indication n. 指出/示；表明/示；迹象indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把指给（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意Advices from abroad indicate that war is about to begin.来自国外的消息表明战争即将开始。There is every indication (表明) of a change in the weather.Every indication shows market gets near bottom now.?所有迹象表明，目