完整版供应链管理第三版Unit11习题与答案.docx

1、完整版供应链管理第三版Unit11习题与答案Chapter 11Managing Uncertainty in the Supply Chain: Safety InventoryTrue/False1. Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amount forecasted for a given period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Safety inventory is carried becau

2、se demand forecasts are accurate and a product shortage may result if the forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. Raising the level of safety inventory increases product availability and thus the margin captured from customer purchases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Mo

3、derate4. Raising the level of safety inventory increases inventory holding costs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility when new products come on the market.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determ

4、ined by the uncertainty of both demand and supply and the desired level of cycle inventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate7. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safety inventories increases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. As the desired level of product availabil

5、ity increases, the required level of safety inventory decreases.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy 9. Lead time is the gap between when an order is placed and when it is received.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The coefficient of variation measures the size of the relative certainty of cycle inventory.An

6、swer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Product availability reflects a firms ability to fill a customer order out of available inventory.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate12. Order fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Pro

7、duct fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is significant in a single product situation.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. Tracking order fill rates is im

8、portant when customers place a high value on the entire order being filled simultaneously.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. With continuous review, inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lot size Q is placed at regular intervals of time.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. With periodic revi

9、ew, inventory status is checked at regular intervals and an order is placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) is the average units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock per replenis

10、hment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cycle only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the ROP.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. The fill rate increases and the cycle service level decreases as the safety inventory is increased.Answer: FalseDifficul

11、ty: Moderate21. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot size increases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The required safety inventory grows rapidly with a decrease in the desired product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23. The required

12、 safety inventory increases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation of periodic demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. A goal of any supply chain manager is to reduce the level of safety inventory required regardless of the affect product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Ea

13、sy25. In most supply chains, the key to reducing the underlying forecast uncertainty is to link all forecasts throughout the supply chain to customer demand data.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. A reduction in supply can help dramatically reduce safety inventory required without hurting product a

14、vailability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demand only if demand across the regions being aggregated is not perfectly positively correlated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. In case demand in different geographical regions is about the same size

15、and independent, aggregation increases safety inventory by the square root of the number of areas aggregated.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. If aggregation reduces the required safety inventory for a product by a small amount, it may be best to carry the product in multiple decentralized locati

16、ons to reduce response time and transportation cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. The lower the coefficient of variation of an item, the greater the reduction in safety inventories as a result of centralization.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard31. Manufacturer-driven substitution increases overall

17、 profitability for the manufacturer by allowing some aggregation of demand, which reduces the inventory requirements for the same level of availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate32. Postponement allows the supply chain to delay product differentiation, which results in disaggregating most of t

18、he inventories in the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate33. Periodic review policies require more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same level of product availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. When using a continuous review policy, a manager has to account fo

19、r the uncertainty of demand during the lead time and the review interval.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amount forecasted for a given period isa. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. safety inventory.d. securit

20、y inventory.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy2. Safety inventory is carried becausea. demand forecasts are accurate.b. demand forecasts are uncertain.c. adequate supplies are available.d. excess product was manufactured.e. forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: bDifficulty: Mod

21、erate3. The trade-off that a supply chain manager must consider when planning safety inventory isa. increasing product availability versus increasing inventory holding costs.b. decreasing product availability versus decreasing inventory holding costs.c. increasing product availability versus raising

22、 the level of safety inventory.d. decreasing product availability versus decreasing the level of safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate4. The issue of product availability and the level of safety inventory is particularly significant in industries wherea. product life cyc

23、les are short and demand is stable.b. product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.c. product life cycles are long and demand is stable.d. product life cycles are long and demand is very volatile.e. a and b onlyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate5. A key to success at which company has been i

24、ts ability to provide a high level of product availability to customers while carrying very low levels of safety inventory in its supply chain?a. Compaqb. Hewlett-Packardc. Delld. Packard-Belle. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. What key question(s) need(s) to be considered when planni

25、ng safety inventory for any supply chain?a. What is the appropriate lead time to establish?b. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry?c. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducing safety inventory?d. a and b onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Mod

26、erate7. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined bya. the uncertainty of both demand and supply.b. the desired level of product availability.c. the desired level of cycle inventory.d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories depending all of the abovee. a and b on

27、lyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate8. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safety inventoriesa. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate9. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required

28、level of safety inventory a. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. Lead time is the gap between a. when an order is placed and when it is received.b. when an order is received and when it is put away.c. when an order is received

29、and when it is used.d. when an order is acknowledged and when it is received.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. The coefficient of variation measures a. the accuracy of the demand forecast.b. the size of the uncertainty relative to demand.c. the relevance of cycle inventory to demand.d

30、. the relative certainty of the forecast.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Which of the following is not a measure of product availability?a. customer fill rateb. product fill ratec. order fill rated. cycle service level (CSL)e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. Th

31、e fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. The fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy15. The fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand being met is thea. customer fill rate.b. prod