小学语法经典总结代词完整.docx

1、小学语法经典总结代词完整代词 讲与练（一）人称代词一、概念人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和（他/她/它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化，具体见下表：单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格第一人称I第二人称you第三人称hesheit人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数主格宾格主格宾格单数复数第一人称Imeweusmyour第二人称youyouyouyouyouryour第三人称hehimtheythemhistheirsheherherititits二、人称代词的用法1一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是

2、主语）You are 11 years old. 你11岁了。（You 是主语）He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。（He是主语）It is hot today. 今天天气热。（It是主语）2宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；或介词，如：for, to, of,at等的后面。Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（me是宾语）The cake is for you.这个蛋糕是给你的。（you是宾语）3作表语（用主格，口语中常用宾格）Who is that？Its me（I）. 是谁啊？是我。三、注意1人称代词I无论放在句首

3、、句中或句尾，都要大写。2人称代词she除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。如：I love my country. She is great.The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.四、it的特殊用法1一般情况下，it表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。2但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。1）指天气:It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。2）指气候

4、:Its cold in this room. 这个房间很冷。3）指时间:What time is it？Its six thirty. 几点了？六点半了。4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？ 从这儿到公园有多远？Its about two miles. 大约是二英里。五、人称的习惯顺序：如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用and，or连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you，he，and I 复数：we，you，and they但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把I放在第一位。Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I an

5、d Li Ming.我和李明.（二）物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化，见下表：单 数复 数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits通过观察上表，我们发现，除了my的名词性物主代词是mine, his和its的名词性和形容词性相同外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加“s”变成的。形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，表示是属于谁的东西。名词性物主代词等

6、于对应的形容词性物主代词加一个名词。如：This is her book. = This book is hers.Are these your pens? = Are these pens yours?主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I（我）memy（我的）minemyself（我自己）复数we（我们）usour（我们的）oursourselves（我们自己）第二人称单数you（你）youyour（你的）yoursyourself（你自己）复数you（你们）youyour（你们的）yoursyourselves（你们自己）第三人称单数he（他）himhis（他的）h

7、ishimself（他自己）she（她）herher（她的）hersherself（她自己）it（它）itits（它的）itsitself（它自己）复数they（他们/她们/它们）themtheir（他们的/她们的/它们的）theirsthemselves（他们/她们/它们自己）（三）替代词替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有one和ones。one用来替代表示单数的人或事，ones用来替代表示复数的人或事物。如：There is a post office near my home. There is one near our school, too.

8、(one = post office)I have 3 new books and 6 old ones.(ones = books)注: it和one的比较代词it 和one 都可以用来代替单数可数名词, 但it 代替特定之物, one 代替泛指之物. 如：I want to borrow your knife. Lend it to me. （it特指你那把刀） I dont have a knife. Lend me one. （one泛指任意一把刀）物主代词 一、 按要求写单词。（10分）1. my (名词性物主代词) 2. hers (复数形式) 3. answer (反义词) 4.

9、 she (复数形式) 5. man (对应词) 6. ours (宾格形式) 7. our (主格) 8. we (单数) 9. family (复数) 10. right (同音词) 二、 选择填空。（15分） （ ）1. Is this your watch? A. Yes, its his. B. Yes, its mine. C. Yes, its my. D. Yes, it isnt.（ ）2. Whose skateboard is this? A. Helens. B. My sister. C. Shes Helen. D. Its Helen.（ ）3. There is

10、 apple tree in the garden. Under tree, there is young man.A. a, an, the B. an, a , the C. an, the , a D. the, an, a（ ）4. What can you see in the bag? . Oh, they are my pencil-boxes.A. I see. B. All right. C. OK. D. Let me see.（ ）5. Is this computer ? No, its not .A. your, mine B. your, my C. yours,

11、hers D. yours, mine（ ）6. There two glasses of juice on the table a moment ago. A. were B. was C. is D. are （ ）7. Heres a present Helen. Shes ill bed.A. from, in B. from, on C. for, in D. on, in（ ）8. Excuse me , do you have a calculator? A. Yes, here you are. B. Sorry, I cant. C. No, it isnt. D. OK（

12、）9. My father likes stories at the weekends.A. watching B. seeing C. looking D. reading （ ）10. Which is the first day of the week? A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Sunday. D. Saturday.三、 用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10分）1. It (be) my birthday yesterday, I (have) a good time.2. I like (play) basketball, I can (play) very

13、(good).3. Mrs Black (go) to work by bike every day, but Mr Black (do).4. This is not (my) handkerchief. Its (her).5. This hairdryer is my sisters. Its (she).6. Is this calculator (us)? （四）指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。this（复数形式是these），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that（复

14、数形式是those），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词可分以下九类： 1. 人称代词 主格（在句中作主语）有： I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格（在句中作宾语）有：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them 2. 物主代词 形容词性的物主代词（作定语）有：my, your, his , her, its,our, your ,their名词性的物主代词（作主语、表语，宾语）有：mine, yours, his, hers, its,ours, yours,

15、 theirs 3. 反身代词（自身代词）有 myself, herself, themselves等。 4. 相互代词有：each other, one another 5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those 6. 疑问代词（用来引导特殊疑问句）有 who, what, whose 等。 7. 关系代词（用来引导定语从句）有which, that, who 等。 8. 连接代词（用来引导名词性从句）有：what, who, whose等。 9. 不定代词 有:all, each, both, either, neither, one, any

16、 等。 10. 不定代词 指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。下面列出部分不定代词的用法比较： 1.both和all ： both 指两者，all 指三者以上。Both of the answers are right.两个答案都对。All the answers are correct. 所有的答案都对。 2.every和each： every指至少三个，强调共性，each 可指小到两个，强调个体。Every room is clean and tidy. 每一个房间都很整洁。Each student may try twice. 每个学生可以试两次。3.either 和neit

17、her 都是谈两个人或物：Either of the answers is right. 两个答案都对。（either指两者当中任意一个）Neither of the answers is right.两个答案都不对。（neither指两者都不是） 4. some 和any some 一般用于肯定句中，而any用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中：Are there any stamps in the drawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？Yes, there are some. 是的，有一些。 注意，当某些疑问句表示请求、建议等肯定意义时，用some不用any: Would you like some te

18、a? 想喝点茶吗？ 5. no one 和none : no one 仅指人，none 可指人或物。No one failed in the examination. 考试没有人不及格。None of the students failed in the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。-Have you any string?你有绳子吗？ -No, I have none.没有。相关练习题一、填写下面的表格。主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数Imy复数usours第二人称单数youyouryours复数you第三人称单数himhissheheritits复数

19、them二、用人称代词代替下单词或词组。1Mike 2Mr White 3Tom and I 4Joan and John 5My father 6the rabbit 7Miss White 8Kate,Tim and I 9Joans mother 10their brother 三、选词填空。1Hello. am Peter. This is family. They love so much.A. IB. myC. me2Tom is a pupil. likes sports. Look, friends are playing football with now.A. HeB. h

20、imC. his3 English teacher is kind and funny. all like her and she likes too.A. WeB. OurC. us4 name is Betty. is very beautiful. has long hair and big eyes.A. HerB. She四、用代词的适当形式填空。1There is a letter for_ (her 、hers) mother. 2That is _ (she ) coat. The coat is red._ (its)is a new one. 3Whose pens are

21、 these? _(their) are _ (we). 4Give _(he) a toy, please. 5_(we) eyes are black. _ (us) come from Japan. 6Tim and Bill are twins. _ （their）are from England. _(them) parents are teachers in the No.6 Middle School. 7Give the book to _(I ). 8These books are _(we). 9That is not _ kite. That kite is very s

22、mall, but _ is very big.( I )10The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 11Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )12_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )13I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )14Show _ your kite, OK? (they)15I have a beautiful cat. _ name is Mimi. Thes

23、e cakes are _. ( it )16. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ is a nurse. ( she )17That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )18Where are _ ? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )19. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )20The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )一、 选择正确的答案，把相应的字母编号写

24、在括号内。 ( ) 1. _ coat is red.A. My teachers B. my teachers C. Our teachers( ) 2. Are _ a pupil of Huamei School?A. you B. your C. we( ) 3. Which is _ cup, the green _ or the blue _?A. Kate, one, one B. Kates, one, one C. Kate, or, one ( ) 4. There is a picture on the wall over there. Can you see _? A.

25、 it B. its C. its ( ) 5. Are those the _ houses? A. farmerss B. farmers C. farmer( ) 6. A: Wheres _ new toy? B: Is _ under _ bed? A. you, its, your B. you, it, your C. your, it, yours ( ) 7. _ friend Kitty painted a picture of _ for _ birthday. A. My, I, me B. My, me, my C. I, my, mine ( ) 8. Those

26、shirts arent _. A. your B. yours C. you ( ) 9. _ are cats and _ are dogs. A. This, his B. These, those C. That, this ( ) 10. China is a great country. _ all love _. A. We, her B. Our, her C. Us, it ( ) 11. Here are two pencils. _ is _? A. Whos, yours B. What, your C. Which, yours ( ) 12. _ classroom

27、 is here. _ is over there. A. Ours, Theirs B. Our, Their C. Our, Theirs ( ) 13. Let _ begin _ class. A. us, us B. us, our C. we, our ( ) 14. There are forty-four students in Class A. Twenty-three of _ are girls. A. their B. them C. they ( ) 15. Is _ new apartment larger than _? A. you, them B. your,

28、 theirs C. your, them( ) 16. My watch is broken. Can you repair(修理) _ for _? A. it, I B. it, me C. it, we ( ) 17. There flowers are for _. A. you and I B. you and we C. you and me( ) 18. This isnt _ ticket. _ is at home. A. your, yours B. your, your C. yours, your ( ) 19. My cousin put on my sweater and I put on _.