考研英语阅读翻译及部分解析.docx

1、考研英语阅读翻译及部分解析Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.过去的25年，在英文报纸发生的所有变化中，或许最具有深远意义的变化就是这些报纸的文艺报道范围不断缩小，严肃性不断减弱，这是个

2、无法逆转的必然趋势。It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th centur

3、y consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。

4、现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War , at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the pu

5、blications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and E

6、rnest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to defin

7、e journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are .” 从20世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。他们的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Ne

8、wman也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们能在新闻报纸写作中坚持不懈”， Newman曾写道，“以至于我非常想把新闻写作定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个 轻蔑之词”注：tempted to do sth的意思是：To cause to be strongly inclined:很想做：使很倾向于，所以可以翻译为“很想做某事，很倾向于做某事”。另外，keep ones end up的英文解释为：(Brit infml)

9、continue to be cheerful and play ones part despite difficulties （不顾困难）仍乐观而尽本分, 不泄气。Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cr

10、icket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his v

11、ast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特卫报写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的自传一书就成为热销读物。 1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。他大量的音乐批评，除了专门研究音乐评论的

12、人以外，已鲜为人知。Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in

13、music criticism has been in headlong retreat.Cardus的评论有没有机会重新流行？前景似乎渺茫。在他去世之前，新闻业的品味早已改变很长时间了，而且他所擅长的措词华丽的维多利亚爱德华时期的散文风格对后现代的读者没有什么用处。何况，由业余爱好者作音乐批评的传统早已经成为昨日黄花了。Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its “one-click

14、” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.在过去的十年中，成千上万的商业方法被授予了专利权。亚马逊网站获得的专利是在线“单击”付费系统。美林公司的资产分配方案得到了法律保护。有个发明者的提箱技巧也获得了专利。Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back

15、 on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method pa

16、tents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of MissouriSchool of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”现在，该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利，因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专

17、利进行广泛的复审。密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说，“正如人们所知道的那样，Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on

18、a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files

19、, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms arme

20、d themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。那是在1998年，对于所谓的美国道富银行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。这一裁决使得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加，起初只是一些新兴的网络公司对于某些特定类型的在线交易系统试图争取独家专有权。后来，更多的公司竞相添加这样的专利权，希望这样一个防

21、御性的行为可以先下手为强。2005年，IBM公司在一份法院报告中声称：尽管怀疑这种专利授权的法律基础，但它已经申请了300多份商业方法专利。同样，当一些华尔街投资公司出席某些反对其金融产品的法庭案件时，他们会给其各类金融产品申请专利来作为自己的维权武器。The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard

22、 by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.前面提到的Bilski案例牵扯到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风险规避方法（注：也可译为“套期保值或对冲风险”）。上诉法院罕见地裁定，该案件将不由三位法官听审，而是由全部十二名法官共同进行。另外，上诉法院还宣布，它想探讨的另一件事情是是否应该“

23、重审”道富银行的裁决。The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The j

24、udges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at GeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。最高法院最近做出了一系列的判决，缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。例如，去年四月，法官们认定太多的专利授予了一些显而易见的“发明”。乔治华盛顿大学法律学院的专利法律师Harold C. Wegner

25、教授表示，“联邦巡回法院的法官们正在对最高法院的反专利动态做出反应”。26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of _.A. their limited value to business. 商业价值有限。B. their connection with asset allocation. 它们与资产配置关联。C. the possible restriction on their granting. 批准可能受到限制。D. the controversy over their authorizatio

26、n. 对于专利授权有争议。正确答案：C. the possible restriction on their granting【分析】：题目问题是：商业专利方法在最近引起关注的原因是是什么?本题关键词为Business-method patents，可以定位于第二段。第一段说：“过去10年商业方法授予了成千上万的专利”；第二段说，“国家最高专利法庭准备对商业模式专利进行缩减，这件事引起了广泛争议。”AB属于无中生有。而且文章强调recently应该是第二段now引出的内容，即美国the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 要全面审查商业模

27、式专利，有可能会 eliminate an entire class of patents。C选项是最近公众对商业专利方法关注的可能结果要限制过多授予 专利权。27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A. Its ruling complies with the court decisions.B. It involves a very big business transaction.C. It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.D. It may change the le

28、gal practices in the U.S.正确答案：D. It may change the legal practices in the U.S.【分析】B错误的原因是错误理解原文 “a very big deal”的含义。文章不是指big business transaction的意思。而是指Bilski这个案子很重要。文章第二段用Bilski的案例强调the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 要通过Bilski的案例来全面审查商业专利方法。而且根据我们的傻瓜阅读法，有may可以优先选。28. The word “about

29、 face” (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means _.A. loss of good will.B. increase of hostility.C. change of attitude.D. enhancement of dignity.正确答案：C. change of attitude.【分析】：本题是典型的猜词题，从前两段主要内容和第三段开头，不难看出原来the Federal Circuit 鼓励专利申请，现在要抑制，约束（即三段第一个单词curbs），即态度变化了。29. We learn from the last two paragrap

30、hs that business-method patents _.A. are important to legal challenges.B. are often unnecessarily issued.C. lower the esteem for patent holders.D. increase the incidence of risks.正确答案：B. are often unnecessarily issued.【分析】：正确答案来自原文第五段：“too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obv

31、ious.” D是正反混淆，与第四段第一句不符合，也不符合常识。专利不可能增加风险，而是规避风险的。AC无中生有。30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?A. A looming threat to business-method patents.B. Protection for business-method patent holders.C. A legal case regarding business-method patents.D. A prevailing trend against busines

32、s-method patents.正确答案：A. A looming threat to business-method patents.【分析】：本题是全文主旨题。文章首段提到“过去10年”，而二段首句转到“Now”，文章的此脉络结构可知“ A prevailing tread”可统领文意，此外文章二至四段，主要谈及联邦法院对“business-method patents”的立场变化，即缩小保护范围，要重新审查商业方法专利。AD均像答案，但D选项关键词只出现在第五段中最后一句，The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,”说明反对商业方法专利只是原文一个细节，不是主题，而且文章主要内容说了最高专利法院的态度变化，势必会威胁到商业方法专利，所以选A是可以的。Text 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that