1、毕业设计外文翻译 机电工程学院毕业设计外文资料翻译设计题目: 石英表垫片支架冲压工艺分析及级进模设计 译文题目: 模具热处理及其导向平行设计 学生姓名: 朱苏维 学 号: 201028050214 专业班级: 机制升1002 指导教师: 董毅峰 正文:外文资料译文 附 件:外文资料原文 指导教师评语: 签名: 年 月 日模具热处理及其导向平行设计摘要:传统模具设计中,存在很多缺点,这是众所周知的,模具的热处理是非常重要的。为了克服在热处理过程中存在的不足之处热处理过程中模具的并行设计开发了新的思路。热处理的CAD/CAE技术集成了并行环境和有关模型而建立的。这些调查与研究可以显著提高效率,降低
2、成本和确保产品质量能达到R级和D级。关键词:模具设计、热处理、模具传统的模具设计和模具制造,主要是由来自于获得的实践经验或部分实践经验却不是制造工艺。在设计完成之前,模具的设计方案一次又一次被修改,因此出现了很多问题,例如开发时间长、成本高、实际效果不显著。由于对精度、使用寿命、开发周期、和成本的强烈最求,对现在模具要求的非常完美,因此更多更先进的技术和创新已应用,例如并行工程、敏捷制造、虚拟制造、协同设计等。模具热处理与设计、制造、装配等同样重要,因为它对模具制造、装配、和使用寿命影响很大,模具的设计和制造发展迅速,但热处理严重落后,随着模具行业的发展,热处理必须确保模具制造、组装和耐磨性能
3、要求的良好状态,不恰当的热处理可以影响模具和模具制造,如材料过硬或过软。传统的热处理工艺是来自于设计者。主要是由于模具设计者不能完全理解热处理工艺和材料的性能,相反模具工艺师不能清楚模具的工作环境和设计思想,这就很可能造成模具工艺师和模具设计师的意见分歧。这些分歧在很大程度上影响模具的进度,因此,如果在早期设计阶段考虑热处理工艺设计缩短开发周期降低成本和稳定质量目标将会实现,将实现从串行到并行模式的升华。并行工程以计算机集成系统为载体,随后在一开始的每个阶段的因素都已被考虑到,如制造、热处理、属性等等,以避免错误,并行模式已经摒除了串行模式的缺陷,由此带来了一场对串行模式的革命。在目前的研究中
4、,热处理已经被考虑到模具的发展中,系统和深入的研究也在进行。1.热处理下的并行环境并行模式和串行模式存在很大的不同(见图1)。串行模式方面,设计者主要考虑模具的结构和功能,但几乎没有考虑由此产生的工艺,因此前者的错误很容易传播,然而设计部门却很少与装配、成本计算、销售部门交流这些问题,严重影响着模具行业的发展和模具市场的拓宽,然而在并行模式中部门与部门之间的联系是密切的,相关部门都在模具的发展中起到了不同程度的作用,并且都与买家有着密切的交流。这种交流有助于消除部门之间的冲突,提高效率和降低成本。(a)(b)图1基于摸具开发的串行工程与并行工程系统框架示意图并行环境下的热处理并不是在方案和工件
5、设计出来之后而是在模具设计过程中进行的,用这种方法,更有利于充分利用热处理和材料的性能。2、模具热处理CAD/CAE的集成从图2可以看出热处理的工艺设计和模拟是集成框架的核心。在信息输入产品模块中后,经热处理工艺过程产生的热处理CAD和热处理CAE模块将对于零件图,热处理以后模拟温度场的微观结构分析和可能出现的缺陷(例如过热,烧伤)自动划分网络,如果优化是根据立体视觉技术的结果重新出现,则这项热处理工艺已经被审核。而且工具与夹具的CAD和CAE也集成于这种系统中图2.并行工程热处理CAD/CAE一体化系统框架示意图基于集成框架的并行工程可以与其他并行模式共享信息,这样可以是热处理工艺得到优化并
6、使其他工艺更加准确。2.1 3D模式和立体视觉技术的热处理通过基于模具形状的3D热处理模式可以尽早的发现模具关于材料、结构、形状等存在的问题。模具热处理中的热处理条件和相变条件是符合实际的,因为经过计算的相变热力、相变热动力、相应力、热应力、传热速度、流体动力等已经有很大的突破性进展。例如,能进行局部复杂表面和不对称模具的三维热传导模型计算,和能进行微观结构转变的MARC软件模型。计算机能够在任何时间提交温度,微观结构和应力的信息,并通过连接温度场微观结构领域和力场来显示三维模式的全部改变过程。如果再加上这种特性,则各部分性能都能通过计算机预见。2.2 热处理工艺设计模具热处理中由于对强度、硬
7、度、表面粗糙度、模具热处理变形的特殊要求,淬火介质、淬火温度、回火温度等一系列的参数必须进行正确的选择。不论是否使用表面热处理、或化学热处理都必须明确的制定下来。通过电脑完全确定下来这些参数是非常困难的,由于电脑技术近几十年来发展迅猛,大型计算的困难已经被克服。通过模拟和慎重思虑热处理特性,热处理的成本和周期通过优化热处理工艺并不在是一个难题。2.3 热处理数据库如下图(3)所描述的热处理数据库 。热处理数据库是基于热处理做出来的,通常,热处理数据库分为材料数据库和工艺数据库,通过材料和工艺预测性能是一个必然的趋势。建立性能数据库尽管很难,但是通过一系列的测试建立性能数据库也是必须的。材料数据
8、库包括材料牌号、化学成分、性能和国内外同级别目录表。材料数据库包括材料牌号、化学成分、性能和国内外同级别目录表。工艺数据库包括热处理标准、种类、保温时间和冷却温度。基于数据库,热处理工艺可以通过推理规则创造出来图3热处理数据库2.4热处理工具和设备热处理工艺被确定下之后,CADCAE工具设备系统就会把有关设计和制造信息传递给数控设备,通过快速模具成型,可靠的工具和夹具都被确定,整个程序通过网络传输,没有任何人为操作。3 关键技术3.1、温度、应力、微观结构、性能的联系热处理过程是温度、微观结构、应力相作用的过程,三个因素都能影响材料的性能(看图4),在加热和冷却过程当中,微观结构变化的时候热应
9、力和变形就会出现,微观结构温度相变和温度微观结构和应力性能相互作用。有关四种因素的相互作用的研究已经取得了很大的成果,但是一般的数学模型还没有建成。许多模型很适合测试,但还不能投入应用,许多模型原有的难点在分析解决中已被处理,数值方式的运用,导致了不准确的计算出现。虽然如此,经验分析与定性分析比较起来,通过计算机的热处理还是有了很大的进展。 图4.热处理工艺图解3.2 模型的建立和综合模具的发展过程包括设计、制造、装配、热处理、维护等等。他们都应该有自己的数据库和模型,他们都是通过自身的内在联系建立起模型,通过建立和完善动态推理机制,优化设计可以达到目的。产品模型和其他模型的联系已被建立,若小
10、模型改变那么产品模型就会改变。实际上它应归属数据和模具的联系,在热处理模型融进系统模型之后,他不再是一个独立的单元而是和系统中其他单元相联系着的,在搜查后,热处理数据库的计算和推理能力,热处理程序都被几何模型,模具制造模型和预算所限制,这是通行的。如果这种限制不服从,系统会发出解释性的警告。所有的细小单元都通过网络形式相联系着的。3.3各个部分间的管理以及协调复杂的模具要求各小组之间密切合作,因为每个成员都是模具发展的整个思考过程的细小部分的组合,他们都需要管理和协调。首先每个项目小组都应该确定其本身的控制条件和资源要求,并且以防冲突必须得了解前后的工作程序。其次,要提出开发计划和建立监控机制
11、。如果开发受到限制则可逐步排除。敏捷管理和协调有助于交流信息,提高效率和减少材料。同时这有利于激发人的创造力,消除阻碍和制定出最好的方法。4、总结(1)热处理CAD/CAE已经被融入模具的并行设计中同时热处理已被制成表格,这样可以提高效率,容易发现问题并解决问题。(2) 模具的开发已经在同一个平台运行,热处理程序一旦制出,设计人员就可以获得相关信息,还可以把自己的相关信息转发给其他同一个平台的有关部门。(3)制定出正确的发展规划并及时的调整它能够在很大程度上缩短开发周期和降低成本。参考资料:李雄,张鸿冰,阮雪榆,罗中华,张艳.模具热处理及其导向平行设计J. 钢铁研究学报英文版,2006,13(
12、1):40-43,74Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent DesignAbstract: Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern. It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent design for heat treatment proce
13、ss of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrentcircumstance and the relevant model was built. These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency, reduce cost and ensure quality of R
14、and D for products.Key words:die design; heat treatment; mouldTraditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semiexperience,is isolated from manufacturing process.Before the design is finalized,the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again,thus some disadvantages come into
15、 being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect.Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly.Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been appl
16、ied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc.Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture,assembly and service lifeDesign and manufacture of die and mould h
17、ave progressed rapidly,but heat treatment lagged seriously behind themAs die and mould industry develops,heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture,assembly and wearresistant properties by request. Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing
18、 such as overhard andsoft and assemblyTraditionally the heat treatment process was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward by designerThis could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each other,for the designers of die and mould could not fully
19、realize heat treatment process and materials properties,and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought. These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent. Accordingly,if the process design of heat treatment is considered in th
20、e early designing stage,the aims of shortening development period,reducing cost and stabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be realizedConcurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier,at the very start subseq
21、uent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing,heat treating,properties and so forth in order to avoid the errorThe concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,which bring about a revolution against serial patternIn the present workthe heat treatment was int
22、egrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development,and the systemic and profound research was performed1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent CircumstanceThe concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern(see Fig1).With regard to serial pattern,the designers mostly c
23、onsider the structure and function of die and mould,yet hardly consider the consequent process,so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwardsMeanwhile,the design department rarely communicates with the assembling,cost accounting and sales departmentsThese problems certainly will influence t
24、he development progress of die and mould and the market foregroundWhereas in the concurrent pattern,the relations among departments are close,the related departments all take part in the development progress of die and mould and have close intercommunion with purchasersThis is propitious to eliminat
25、ion of the conflicts between departments,increase the efficiency and reduce the costHeat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designingIn this way,it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and mak
26、ing full use of the potential of the materials2 Integration of Heat Treatment CADCAE for Die and MouldIt can be seen from Fig2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frameAfter information input via product design module and heat treatment process genera
27、ted via heat treatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing,simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heattreatment and the defect of possible emerging (such as overheat,over burning),and then the heat treatment process is judged if
28、the optimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic vision technologyMoreover tool and clamping apparatus CAD and CAM are integrated into this systemThe concurrent engineering based integration frame can share information with other branchThat makes for optimizing the heat tr
29、eatment process and ensuring the process sound2.1 3-D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatmentThe problems about materials,structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon as possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mouldModeling heating
30、 condition and phase transformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment are workable,because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics,phase transformation kinetics,phase stress,thermal stress,heat transfer,hydrokinetics etcFor example,3-D he
31、atconducting algorithm models for local heating complicated impression and asymmetric die and mould,and M ARC software models for microstructure transformation was usedComputer can present the informations of temperature,microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformati
32、on procedure in the form of 3-D by coupling temperature field,microstructure field and stress fieldIf the property can be coupled,various partial properties can be predicted by computer2.2 Heat treatment process designDue to the special requests for strength,hardness,surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and mould,the parameters including quenching medium type,quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time,must be
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