宾语从句和表语从句.docx

1、宾语从句和表语从句第三单元教案词 汇1. 四会词汇 Birthplace, novel, adventure phrase author scene wander pavement businessman permit ahead bay stare fault spot passage account embassy seek patience contrary envelope unbelievable steak pineapple dessert amount rude manner scream genuine rag indeed bow barber2. 认读词汇narrator

2、, incredible, Roderick, Oliver, nightfall, unpaid, charity, willingness, simply, Clemens, issue, fake, boyhood, Hannibal, Missouri, Mississippi, fathom, contest, Yale, loneliness, playwright, script3. 固定词组 Bring up, go ahead, by accident, stare at, account for, on the contrary, take a chance, in rag

3、s, as for4. 重点词汇bet, make a bet, permit, go ahead, by accident, stare, account for, to be honest, jealous, in rags, indeed, even if, get into trouble语法Noun clauses as the object (宾语从句)I cant say that I have any plans.and he does not know what he should do.I did not know whether I could survive until

4、 morning.Noun clauses as the predicative (表语从句)Thats why weve given you the letter.1. bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐【原句】He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri, along the Mississippi River. (P17) 他在密西西比河畔的密苏里州汉尼拔市长大。That is a subject I am quite certain he will bring up. 我十分确信他会提出这个问题。The fish must have gon

5、e bad because the boy brought up the whole of his dinner. 鱼一定是变质了，因为那男孩呕吐了全部的晚饭。2. scene n. （戏剧）一场；现场；场面；景色【原句】Act I, Scene 3（P17）第一幕第三场The curtain is lowered at the end of each scene. 每场戏结束, 帷幕就落下。Three workers were killed on the scene and two seriously injured died later in hospital. 三名工人当场死亡，两名重伤

6、者送往医院后死亡。3. permit v. 许可；允许；准许 n. 通行证；许可证；执照【原句】Permit me to lead the way, sir. （P18）请允许我带路，先生。Children are not permitted into the cinema without their parents. 没有家长带领, 孩子不准进入电影院。We dont permit playing basketball in the playground (我们不允许在操场上打篮球)between six and ten in the morning. Ill see you after t

7、he meeting, if time permits (如时间允许的话).4. go ahead前进；（用于祈使句）可以；往下说；走在前面【原句】Not at all. Go right ahead. (P18) 不介意，请问吧。Go ahead! I want to hear more about your plan. 往下说，我想知道更多关于你的计划。I wonder if I could possibly use your car tonight. 我在想今天晚上能不能用你的汽车。Sure，go ahead. Im not using it anyhow. 当然可以，用吧。反正我也不用

8、。5. by accident 偶然；无意中；不小心= by chance【原句】As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident. (P18)事实上，我来到英国是很偶然地。I read of it quite by accident in the latest edition of the Global. 我是偶然在最近一期环球杂志上看到它的。The pilot, whether by accident or by design, made the plane do a sharp turn. 不知是偶然地还是设计好的，那个飞行员作了一

9、个急转弯。6. spot vt. 发现；认出 n. 斑点；污点；地点【原句】The next morning Id just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. （P18）第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。He spotted a serious mistake in the accounts. 他在账目中发现了一个严重的错误。He spotted the boy slip into the room. 他看见那个孩子溜进了房间。They admitted that they were then

10、 on the spot. 他们承认当时在现场。7. account vi. &vt. 认为；说明；总计有 n. 说明；理由；计算；账目；报道【原句】The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. (P18) 事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整了The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd. 天气不好可能是来的人少的原因。North Sea oil accoun

11、ts for a high proportion of our export earnings. 北海石油占我国出口收入的很大一部分。On no account should the soldiers be blamed for what happened. 士兵们绝对不该为所发生的事受到责难。8. seek vt. &vi. 寻找；探索；寻求【原句】I went to the American embassy to seek help, but. . . (P18)我去美国大使馆求助，但是Western powers boosted the Libyan opposition in an a

12、ttempt to seek a quicker solution to the current crisis. 西方力量煽动利比亚反对派以寻求一个较快的解决当前危机的办法。1. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do. (P17)他叫亨利亚当斯，一个美国商人，在伦敦迷路了，不知道该怎么办。本句属于强调结构，强调句子的主语Henry Adams，其后的an American businessman作了它的同位语，进一步说明他的身份；

13、is lost和does not know是句子的两个谓语；what引导了一个从句作know的宾语。It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are. 关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把这张票给了迈克。 It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Br

14、ooklyn. 布鲁克林是贝克汉姆和维多利亚第一次相遇的地方，所以他们给第一个儿子取名布鲁克林。It is 、that 没有实际意义，2. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. (P18)嗯，夜晚来临的时候，我发现自己被一阵强风刮进了海里。 find后接复合宾语，carried out在句子中作宾语补足语，表被动。“find oneself+宾语补足语”指(不知不觉地)发现自己处于某种情况中，多表示意料之外的情况，可用形容词、介词短语、现在分词及过去分词作宾补。Then I fou

15、nd myself surrounded by half a dozen boys. （surround）I watched a whole basket of apples thrown into the river. （throw）Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. （improve）3. The next morning ld just about given myself up for lost when I

16、was spotted by a ship. （P18）第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。 本句中，had just done. . . , when. . . 是一习惯句型，意思是“刚做完，这时”。He had just rushed into the classroom when the teacher came in. 他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。他刚刚离开，电话就响了。He had just left when the telephone rang. 我们正要离开，突然Jerry来了。We were just about to leave when Jerry arri

17、ved.1. fault n. 责任；过错；缺点；故障 vt. 给挑毛病【原句】It was all my fault. (P18)那都是我的错。The fault is on both sides. 双方都有责任。She finds fault with everything and everybody. 她对每一件事每一个人都吹毛求疵。He made some spelling mistakes in the letter to his uncle. The accident was caused by an error of judgement on the part of the pi

18、lot. I didnt sleep well that night, but it was my own fault.2. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. (P18)事实上我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整了。 在本句中，that引导一个表语从句，by working as an unpaid hand为介词词组作方式状语；which引导一个非限制性定语从句，有对前面整个句子作补充说明的功能。The problem

19、 is that we cant get the money we need. 问题是我们不能得到我们所需要的钱。The problem is that （问题是）no one knows what will happen. My idea is that （我的意见是）we should start making preparations right now.3. contrary n. 反面；对立面 adj. 相反的；相违的【原句】On the contrary, in fact. (P18) 事实上，正好相反。It wasnt a good thing; on the contrary

20、it was a huge mistake. 那不是什么好事，相反，那是一个巨大的错误。4. I wonder, Mr Adams, if youd mind us asking a few questions. （P18）亚当斯先生，不知你是否介意我们问几个问题。（1）I wonder whether（if）you. . . 是由whether/if引导的宾语从句，表示委婉请求的句式，用于较为正式的场合。译为：不知您是否。I wonder whether you would mind doing me a favour. 不知道你能不能帮我一个忙。(2)mind us asking a fe

21、w questions为动名词的复合结构，该结构在从句中能作主语、表语和宾语。在现代英语中，动名词复合结构用作宾语时，其名词多数用普通形式，形容词性物主代词也多用代词的宾格，mind us asking. . . 就属这种情况。第三单元语法1.怎样判断是否是一个完整的句子：谁做什么、；谁怎样了、；谁干嘛了、；什么是什么【的】、3. 2.不完整的句子如下：She boughtShe visitedShe gave meShe spentIs the factoryI knowThe factory is4. 注意：引导词即疑问词【if是否, whether是否, who, how, when,

22、where, which, what, how often多久一次, how long多长时间, how much多少钱, how many多少, how soon多久才, 等】加陈述语序。a. I wonder 谓语动词 if【引导词】 he is a teacher【陈述语序】.b. I wonder谓语动词 whether【引导词】 he is going to come or not【陈述语序.c. I dont know how much【引导词】 money he has paid for the watch【陈述语序.4. 注意：时态搭配一致：现在配现在， 过去配过去，一般配一般

23、具体如下：一般现在时可以和现在进行时，现在完成时搭配；一般过去时可以和过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时搭配；一般现在时可以和一般过去时，一般将来时搭配5. 宾语从句一般位于谓语动词即动词八个时态或者介词之后。例如：I work/ you work/ she works 【一般现在时】 I worked/ you worked/ she worked【一般过去时】 I am/ you are/ she is working【现在进行时】I was/ you were/ she was working【过去进行时】 I have/ you have/ she has worked【现在完成时】

24、I had/ you had/ she had worked【过去完成时】 I am/ you are/ she is going to work【一般将来时】 I was/ you were/ she was going to work【过去将来时】 I shall/ you will/ she will work【一般将来时】 I would/ you would/ she would work【过去将来时】6. 表语从句位于be 的八个时态后面，be 的八个时态分别如下：I am/ you are/ she is 【一般现在时】 I was/ you were/ she was【一般过去

25、时】 I am/ you are/ she is being【现在进行时】I was/ you were/ she was being【过去进行时】 I have/ you have/ she has been【现在完成时】 I had/ you had/ she had been【过去完成时】 I am/ you are/ she is going to be【一般将来时】 I was/ you were/ she was going to be【过去将来时】 I shall/ you will/ she will be【一般将来时】 I would/ you would/ she woul

26、d be【过去将来时】7. 首先观察横线需要的词有没有重复指代先行词的作用，没有的话就定为名词性从句，具体的定位又按照5,6两条的标准。1. I think动词 (that) you will like the pictures.【that 没有实际意义，不用翻译】2. My aunt said动词 (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 【第一个that 可以省略，and 后面的that 不能省略】3. I asked动词 the teacher whether / if 是否we were goin

27、g to the zoo tomorrow.4. They are worrying about介词 whether是否 they can get there in time.5. He has become动词 what、的东西 he wanted to be ten years ago.6. I dont know动词 why为什么 Jane was late for school this morning.7. The trouble is 系动词 that I have lost his address.8. The question is系动词 whether是否 the enemy

28、 is marching towards us.9. It is系动词 because you eat too much.11. That is系动词 what he meant.12. The problem is系动词 when he will finish the project. 8. 总结：在宾从和表从中，如果动词八个时态前面要主语，或者后面需要宾语时都用what, 指人的用who主语, whom宾语，其他的都按照句子的意思判定，任何有实际意义的疑问词都不需要的时候就用that。9. 在insist坚持，demand要求，order命令，suggest建议，propose提议，adv

29、ise建议，desire要求等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should+)动词原形”。 The commander ordered that troops(should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。10. because，why引导的表语从句 Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。(Thats because. . . 强调原因) Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(Thats why. . . 强调结果)The rea

30、son why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 之所以我难过是因为他没有理解我。11. 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal提议等。My suggestion is that we(should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是明天一早出发。1. Catherine said _ she had never been to Guangzhou.2. This is _

31、we should do.3. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.4. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived yet. 5. What the police want to know is _ you entered the room.6. Linda said _ she met her old friend yesterday by accident.7. I can make more money, you know. Thats _ I want you to work there.8. I hardly understand _ he has told me.9. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. 10. Someone is ringing the