非谓语动词作定语语法讲义.docx

1、非谓语动词作定语语法讲义非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一 如何判断非谓语动词作得就是定语:1、瞧横线所在得位置 具体方法如下: 如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后,则作得就是定语。如: The meeting_ yesterday was very important、 The university, _ in 1902, has a history of a century、2、翻译:翻译时先把句子得主干部分找出来,然后瞧剩下得部分就是不就是放在了名词之后,并且能够放在名词之前加“得”翻译,如果就是,则作得就是定语。如: The meeting_ yesterday was very import

2、ant、 The university, _ in 1902, has a history of a century、二 作定语时得逻辑主语:作定语时,逻辑主语就就是所修饰得名词。如:The meeting held yesterday was very important、三 如何确定用什么样得非谓语动词作定语:1. 与逻辑主语之间得主被动关系 2、 时间关系:将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如:1)The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _、 A、 to spend B、 spent C、 being spent D、 spending2)The

3、wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_ the desert、A、 covering B、 covered C、 cover D、 to cover3) The last one _ pays the meal、 Agreed! (2007全国卷I) A、 arrived B、 arrives C、 to arrive D、 arriving 四.作定语得具体用法:1、 能作定语得不定式与分词有:to do, to be done, doing, being done, done(务必牢记)、 注:having done 绝对不能作定语。

4、 原因:当作定语得非谓语动词得动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时,此时不能用非谓语动词作定语,即不能用having done作定语,必须用定语从句作定语。如:The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home、(这句话中得having waited,作得不就是定语,而就是状语)The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home

5、五 作定语得非谓语动词与所修饰得名词之间得关系:to do:只表示动作还没发生,不强调与逻辑主语得主被动关系。如: I have a lot of things to do、 The years to follow will be very hard、to be done: 与逻辑主语既就是被动得,又表示动作还没发生。如:The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important、doing (及物动词):与逻辑主语就是主动关系如:He received a letter saying his mother would e to see him

6、 soon、being done(及物动词):与逻辑主语既就是被动得,又表示动作正在进行如:The meeting being held now is very important、done(及物动词):与逻辑主语既就是被动得,又表示动作已经完成。注:Things lost will never e again、We finished the work in less than half the time allowed、注:不及物动词得现在分词作定语:表示动作正在进行;过去分词作定语:只表示动作得完成,不表被动。如:the developing countries:发展中国家the deve

7、loped countries:发达国家六 不定式作定语得几种情况及注意事项a) 当被修饰得名词之前有序数词或形容词最高级并且与所修饰得名词就是主动关系时,要用不定式作定语。如:He is the best person to do the job、 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games、b) 当被修饰得名词就是抽象名词时,要用不定式作定语。如:Do you have the ability to write in English、c) 作定语得不定式如果就是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰得名词就是不

8、定式动作得地点、工具等,不定式之后必须有相应得介词。但就是如果不定式所修饰得名词就是time, place 或way 时,不定式之后得介词习惯上可以省略。如:I need a room to live in、I need a pen to write with、I had money and no place to live( in)、d) 当作定语得不定式与所修饰得名词就是被动关系时,不定式既可用主动形式,也可以用被动形式,但表达得含义不同。试比较:I have a lot of things to do、我有很多事情要做。(我就就是to do动作得发出者)I have a lot of t

9、hings to be done、 我有很多事情要做。(被别人做,别人就是to be done动作得发出者)七.非谓语动词作定语得一些用法比较:1、to be done, being done, done 作定语得区别 相同点:与所修饰得名词都就是被动关系 不同点:在时间上 、to be done:动作未发生 being done: 动作正在进行 done:动作已完成 如:The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important The meeting being held now is very important The meeting

10、held yesterday was very important、2、 have something to do 与have something to be done 得区别 have something to do:主语有事自己做 have something to be done:主语有事让别人做如:I have a lot of things to do、我有很多事情要做。(我就就是to do动作得发出者)I have a lot of things to be done、 我有很多事情要做。(被别人做,别人就是to be done动作得发出者) 非谓语动词作定语高考题专练1、 The

11、 prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China、 A、 paying B、 paid C、 to be paid D、 being paid2、 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year、 A、 follows B、 followed C、 to follow D、 being followed 3、 There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Be

12、ijing Olympic Games、 A、 add B、 to add C、 adding D、 added4、 There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings、A、 waited B、 to wait C、 waiting D、 wait5、 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germa

13、ny、 A、 study; of whom B、 study; of them C、 studying; of them D、 studying; of whom6、 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008、A、 hold B、 holding C、 held D、 to be held7、 Mr、 Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _、 A、 blamed B、 bla

14、ming C、 to blame D、 to be blamed8、 Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection、A、 being given B、 is given C、 given D、 was given9、 At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom、 (2

15、007全国卷II) A、 opened and closed B、 to be opened and closedC、 being opened and closed D、 to open and close10、 The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time、 (2007上海卷) A、 to be pleted B、 having been pleted C、 pleted D、 being pleted11、 “Things _ never e again!” I couldnt

16、help talking to myself、 (2007湖南卷) A、 lost B、 losing C、 to lose D、 have lost12、 Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?A、 seat B、 sit C、 seated D、 sat13、 The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road、 A、 being blown down B、 blown down C、 blowing down D、 to blow down14、 We finished t

17、he run in less than half the time _、A、 allowing B、 to allow C、 allowed D、 allows15、 It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year、A、 finding B、 being found C、 to find D、 found16、 Ideally _ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many g

18、uests、A、 locating B、 being located C、 having been located D、 located17、 The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture、 A、 produced B、 being produced C、 to be produced D、 having been produced18、 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm、A、 grown B、 being gro

19、wn C、 to be grown D、 to grow19、 The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children、 A、 forced B、 forcing C、 to be forced D、 having forced20、 Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?A、 taking B、 take C、

20、 taken D、 to take21、 We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday、 A、 to be held B、 held C、 being held D、 holding22、 With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements、 A、 affect B、 affecting C、 affected D、 were affected23、 There is a great deal of evidence t

21、hat music activities engage different parts of the brain、A、 indicate B、 indicating C、 to indicate D、 to be indicating24、 With the world changing fast, we have something new _with all by ourselves every day、A、 deal B、 dealt C、 to deal D、 dealing25、 Mrs、 White showed her student some old maps _from th

22、e library、A、 to borrow B、 to be borrowed C、 borrowed D、 borrowing26、 Im calling to enquire about the position in yesterdays China Daily、A、 advertised B、 to be advertised C、 advertising D、 having advertised27、 So far nobody has claimed the money _in the library、A、 discovered B、 to be discovered C、 di

23、scovering D、 having discovered28、 I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term、 A、 pleting B、 to plete C、 pleted D、 being pleted29、 His first book next month is based on a true story、 A、 published B、 to be published C、 to publish D、 being published30、 A great number of students said they w

24、ere forced to practise the piano、 A、 to question B、 to be questioned C、 questioned D、 questioning31、 Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library、A、 repaired B、 being repaired C、 repairing D、 to be repaired32、 The traffic rule says young children under the age of four

25、and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat、 A、 being weighed B、 to weigh C、 weighed D、 weighing33、 Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms、 A、 reducing B、 to reduce C、 reduced D、 reduce34、 On hearing a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr

26、、Gordon immediately rushed home from his office、 A、 says B、 said C、 saying D、 to say35、 The island, _to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to、A、 joining B、 to join C、 joined D、 having joined36、 Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate a

27、mong citizens、A.pared B.paring C.pares D.being pared37、 The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house、A、 rose B、 rising C、 to rise D、 risen38、 The ability _an idea as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to cover39、 The players _from the whole country are expe

28、cted to bring us honor in this summer game 、A selecting B to selected C selected D having selected40、 Look over there-theres a very long, winding path _up to the house、A、 leading B、 leads C、 led D、 to lead41、 Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures、A、 found B、 f

29、ounding C、 founded D、 to be founded42、 Were having a meeting in half an hour、 The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our pany、A、 to be made B、 being made C、 made D、 having been made43、 After pleting and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _、A、 providing B、 pro

30、vided C、 having provided D、 provide44、 The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes、A、 starting B、 being starting C、 to start D、 to be started45、 John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it、A、 offered B、 offering C

31、、 to offer D、 to be offered答案:1-5BCDCD 6-10CCCCC 11-15ACBCD 16-20DCABC 21-25ACBCC 26-30 AABBC 31-35DDBCC 36-40BBCCA 41-45CABAB非谓语动词作补语一:补语得种类(两种):1、 宾语补足语 2、 主语补足语二.如何判断非谓语动词作得就是补语:1、 宾语补足语A、 如果横线部分放在了及物动词+名词或代词之后。如:I hear him _ in the next room、注:能跟宾语+宾语补足语得动词常见得有以下三类:1. 感官动词:see, watch, look at, observe, notice,