版高考英语一轮复习语法专题全辑专题二动词和动词短语讲义牛津译林版.docx

1、版高考英语一轮复习语法专题全辑专题二动词和动词短语讲义牛津译林版专题二 动词和动词短语动词的辨析动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：1.词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等。2.意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等。4

2、.意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。6.某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等。题组训练1选词填空A.1.William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.2.If you

3、dont like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.3.Mary，I reminded John of his promise to help you.4.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.5.The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.B.6.Clinical evidence

4、began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7.Are you still mad at her?Not really，but I cant deny that her remarks hurt me.8.Id prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.9.You are old e

5、nough to earn your own living.10.I opened a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.动词短语的核心考点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词副词(不及物)Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)动词副词(及物)Please turn every light in the ho

6、use off.注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。She turned off all the lights which had been left on.如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.(3)动词介词(及物)You should learn to care about others.注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。(4)动词副词介词I look forward to seeing you soon.注意：“动词介词”、“动词名词副词”、“动词副词介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this

7、 way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。hear from收到的来信 hear of听说look after照料look at看 look for寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话ring up打电话 put away放好，收起 put on穿上；上演put up挂起；举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差

8、异。look for寻找 ask for请求wait for等候 send for派人去叫(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。break out发生；爆发 carry out进行；开展 go out熄灭 hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完 set out出发 take out取出 work out算出break down坏了 come down落下来 get down下车 take down取下 write down写下题组训练2短语填空A.1.I can put up with the house being untidy，but I

9、 hate it if its not clean.2.We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.3.They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.4.You cant predict everything. Often things dont work out as you expect.B.5.You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.6.If you care abou

10、t faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.8.Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.C.9.To get a better grade，yo

11、u should go over the notes again before the test.10.I often look up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11.She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.12.Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselv

12、es.易错易混点1.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。2.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。3.sit与seat：seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一个动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated 或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair.4.wi

13、n与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。”而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。5.lost，gone与missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用lost，gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed，而要用missing。1.Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they

14、 might the things they see.(2018江苏，22)A.indicate B.investigateC.imitate D.innovate答案C解析句意为：孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿(imitate)他们看到的东西。imitate模仿，符合语境。indicate表明，暗示；investigate调查；innovate创新，改革。2.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which a clear road map and timetable.(201

15、8江苏，25)A.calls for B.calls onC.calls off D.calls up答案A解析句意为：发展长江经济带是一个系统化项目，该项目要求(call for)有清晰的路线图和时间表。call for要求，需要；call on拜访，号召；call off取消；call up打电话。3.At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving，but eventually he as she was so confident about her skills.(2018天津，3)A.gave in B.dressed upC.br

16、oke in D.turned up答案A解析句意为：起初罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技术如此自信。give in意为“屈服，让步”，符合语境，故选A。dress up穿得正式，装扮；break in破门而入，打断；turn up调高(音量、热量等)，(突然)出现，露面。4.It took him a long time to the skills he needed to become a good dancer.(2018天津，8)A.display B.acquireC.teach D.test答案B解析句意为：他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀的舞蹈家所需要的

17、技能。acquire意为“获得，学到”，符合语境，故选B。display展示；teach教；test测试。5.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help your year ahead.(2017江苏，30)A.shape B.switchC.stretch D.sharpen答案A解析句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展)，符合语境。switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen使变锋利，使增强。6.Wor

18、king with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.(2017江苏，25)A.held out B.brought outC.picked out D.given out答案B解析句意为：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出，坚持；bring out使显现，使表现出；pick out挑选出，辨认出；give out分发，发出。7.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ，get married，and hav

19、e kids.(2017天津，5)A.settle down B.keep offC.get up D.cut in答案A解析句意为：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down)，结婚成家，生儿育女。keep off使避开，不接近；get up起床，站起来；cut in插嘴，打断别人说话。8.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion on the subject.(2016天津，8)A.gave voice toB.kept an eye onC.turned

20、 a deaf ear toD.set foot on答案A解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对的想法”，符合语境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to对充耳不闻；set foot on进入，参观。9.Im going to advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.(2016天津，12)A.put B.makeC.take D.give答案C解析考查固定搭配。句意为：我打算利用这次观光

21、机会来探索这座城堡的历史。take advantage of是固定搭配，意为“利用”，符合语境，故选C项。10.I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to a conversation with her.(2016天津，14)A.carry on B.break intoC.turn down D.cut off答案A解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行，继续”，符合语境。break into打断，闯入；turn down调低，拒绝；cut off停

22、止，中断。11.He did not easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016江苏，25)A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicate答案C解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：他不轻易妥协，但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协，符合句意。12.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than us

23、.(2016浙江，8)A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon答案A解析考查动词辨析。句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。divide分开；reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃，抛弃。根据句意可知选A。13.Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.(2015浙江，5)A.produce B.pronounceC.process D.download答案C解析考查动词辨析。句意为：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工

24、，处理，符合语境。produce生产，制作，创作；pronounce发音；download下载。14.If you come to visit China，you will a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015安徽，22)A.develop B.createC.substitute D.experience答案D解析考查动词辨析。句意为：如果你来访问中国，你将体验到具有惊人的深度和多样性的文化。develop开发；create创造；substitute替代；experience经历，体验。15.The team are working har

25、d to the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015湖北，23)A.face B.preventC.raise D.analyze答案D解析句意为：这个团队正在努力 这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对；prevent阻止；raise提高。16.In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to that some

26、one was moving about upstairs.(2015湖北，24)A.whisper B.signalC.declare D.complain答案B解析句意为：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。signal意为“示意”，所以答案选B项。whisper低语；declare宣布；complain抱怨。17.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their

27、 greatest potential.(2015江苏，22)A.accelerate B.improveC.perform D.develop答案D解析考查动词辨析。句意为：学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve改善；perform执行；develop发展。18.See，your computer has broken down again！It doesnt sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.(2015天津，14)A.have

28、B.makeC.display D.bring答案B解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：看，你的电脑又坏了！仅为了节省几美元而买最便宜品牌的电脑不明智。固定表达make sense意为“是明智的，合乎情理的”，符合语境。19.Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.(2015天津，10)A.turn in B.turn downC.turn over D.turn to答案B解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：因为太忙，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了聚会的邀请。turn down拒绝，符合语境。turn

29、 in上交；turn over (使)翻转，调转；turn to (使)转向，求助于。20.Body language can a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.(2015浙江，7)A.take away B.throw awayC.put away D.give away答案D解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你正在防御。give away泄露，符合语境。take

30、away拿开，拿走；throw away扔掉；put away收起来，放好，储存。1.We solving international dispute by negotiation，instead of appealing to arms.(2018全国大联考江苏卷，26)A.advocate B.admitC.assess D.approach答案A解析句意为：我们提倡靠协商解决国际争端，而不是诉诸武力。advocate提倡；admit承认；assess评估，评价；approach靠近，接近。故选 A。2.I used to quarrel a lot with my parents，but

31、 now we fine.A.look out B.stay upC.carry on D.get along答案D解析句意为：我过去经常和父母争吵，但现在我们相处融洽。look out留神，注意；stay up熬夜；carry on继续；get along相处。由句意知D项正确。3.North of the city of Pisa in Italy Leaning Tower of Pisa，designed for vertical construction.A.situates B.locatesC.stands D.lies答案C解析表示“位于”时，高于周边地区用stand，低于周边地区用lie。A、B项要用被动语态。4.My frien