全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及解析.docx

1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及解析2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cas

2、hless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “

3、would soon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” only to 4itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of t

4、he paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks

5、 gives consumers several days of “float”it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, e

6、lectronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there. The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accou

7、nts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount

8、 of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. A HoweverB MoreoverC ThereforeD Otherwise2. A offB backC overD around3. A powerB conceptC historyD role4. A rewardB resistC resumeD rev

9、erse5. A silentB suddenC slowD steady6. A forB againstC withD on7. A imaginativeB expensiveC sensitiveD productive8. A similarB originalC temporaryD dominant9. A collectB provideC copyD print10. A give upB take overC bring backD pass down11. A beforeB afterC sinceD when12. A keptB borrowedC released

10、D withdrawn13. A UnlessB UntilC BecauseD Though14. A hideB expressC raiseDease15. A analyzedB sharedC storedD displayed16. A unsafeB unnaturalC uncommonD unclear17. A stealB chooseC benefitD return18. A considerationB preventionC manipulationD justification19. A cope withB fight againstC adapt toD c

11、all for20. A chunkB chipC pathD trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davids

12、on relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson s article is one of a number of

13、 pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor wi

14、th machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won t earn you what it used to. It can t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above

15、 average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extratheir unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and alway

16、s will. But there s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobsabout 6 million in totaldisappeared.”There will always b

17、e changednew jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, the

18、re are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post high school education. 21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.A the impact of technologica

19、l advancesB the alleviation of job pressureC the shrinkage of textile millsD the decline of middle class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.A work on cheap softwareB ask for a moderate salaryC adopt an average lifestyleD contribute something unique23.The quot

20、ation in Paragraph 4 explains that.A gains of technology have been erasedB job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC factories are making much less money than beforeD new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is.A to accel

21、erate the I.T. revolutionB to ensure more education for peopleC to advance economic globalizationD to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes EffectB Technology Goes CheapC Average Is OverD Recession Is BadText 2A

22、century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arr

23、ived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories

24、: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don t need more categories, but we need to change the w

25、ay we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entr

26、epreneurs, engineers, home health care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a fami

27、ly in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and th

28、ere and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigra

29、tion today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system. 26.“Birds of passage” refers to those who.A immigrate across the AtlanticB leave their home countries for goodC stay in a foreign country temporarilyD find permane

30、nt jobs overseas27.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the U.S.A needs new immigrant categoriesB has loosened control over immigrantsC should be adapted to meet challengesD has been fixed via political means28.According to the author, today s birds of passage want.A f

31、inancial incentivesB a global recognitionC opportunities to get regular jobsD the freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated.A as faithful partnersB with economic favorsC with legal toleranceD as mighty rivals30.Which is the best title for the passage?A Come and Go: Big MistakeB Living and Thriving: Great RiskC Legal or Illegal: Big MistakeD With or Without: Great RiskText 3Sci