冠词用法大全.docx

1、冠词用法大全第2讲-词法（二）：冠词的用法 内容基本要求冠词一、冠词在句子中的位置和分类 二、冠词的泛指和特指 三、不定冠词的用法 四、定冠词的用法 五、定冠词的位置 一冠词的位置及分类 1. 冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词分为三类：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a, an）和零冠词。2. 定冠词的位置； 当定冠词the 与all, half, both, double 等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词the 位于这些词之后。e.g.: Look, all the books are here. 瞧，所有的书都在这。They walked half th

2、e journey.他们走了一半旅程。Both the boys are clever.这两个男孩都很聪明。 当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时，要放在这些词之后。e.g.: The bed is three times the size of that one. 这张床是那张床的三倍大。The rope is one third the length of that one. 这根绳子是那根绳子的三分之一长。二不定冠词（a, an）的用法；（考点之一）不定冠词a, an的用法口诀：名词是秃子 常要戴帽子可数名词单 需用a 或 an辅音前用a 元音前用an复数不可数泛指the不见碰到代词时,冠

3、词均不现.不定冠词有a 和an 两种形式。a 用在以辅音音标开头的词前,an 用在以元音音标开头的词前。 易混淆地方1) 要用a 的名词In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.口诀：(在一所大学里，有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。)2）要用an的名词an hour,an umbrella, an office, an exercise，an honest boy, a

4、n English book, an apple, an eight-year-old boy,an unhappy boy, an “f” (a, e, f, h, I, l, m, n, r, s, x, ) 例题： 1. Five years ago her brother was _ university student of_ physics. A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; / 2. Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ ”m” here. A. an B. the

5、 C. / D. a不定冠词的用法主要有:（理解并掌握）1)泛指某人或某物,不具体说明其为何人或何物。在行文叙述时,第一次提到某个人或事物时,通常使用不定冠词,此为“泛指”。例如: A girl is asking for you on the phone.My mother works in a hospital.2)用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物,此为“类指”。例如:A plane is faster than a train.飞机比火车快。A snake is a cold-blooded animal.蛇是冷血动物。3)表示“一”,但数量概念没有on

6、e 强烈。例如:They waited there for an hour.他们在那等了一个小时。Rome wasnt built in a day.罗马非一天能建成。(即:冰冻三尺非一日之寒。)如特别强调数量,应使用one。例如:I have only one dictionary and I need it myself.4)用在表示时间、速度、价格等计量单位的名词前表示“每一”,相当于per 或every。例如:The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.飞机的速度是每小时300 公里。The doctor told her to take the

7、medicine three times a day. 医生叫她一天服三次药。We work five days a week.我们一周工作五天。5)用于抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时),使之意义具体化,表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。例如:It is an honor for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honor 是抽象名词,an honor 指一件荣誉的事)6)用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示又一个,又一次。例如:He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又试第六次,结果成

8、功了。When I sat down, a fourth student rose to speak.当我坐下时,又有第四个同学起立发言。7)用于某一个人名、地名前,使专有名词普通化。例如:A Mr. Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重庆被称作西部的上海。(Shanghai 是专有名词,本句中a Shanghai 指和上海一样繁华的城市)8)用于某些固定词组中,是这些词组不可缺少的组成部分。例如:in a moment 立刻,马上 once upon a

9、time 从前 as a result (of)作为()的结果in a hurry 急忙地in a word 一句话,总而言之 once in a while 偶尔地 have a good time 过得很愉快have a word with 与说句话 have/take a look (at)看一看 have/take a rest 休息一下take an active part in 积极参加(比较:take part in参加,不能说take a part in)do sb. a favor 帮某人的忙 put an end to 结束 at a mouthful 一大口地all of

10、 a sudden 突然地三定冠词（the）的用法 （理解并掌握）定冠词口诀：特指双熟悉 上文已提及世上独无二 序数最高级某些专有名 习语和乐器姓氏复数前 形前某类人1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物. 例如: the photo of the boy2 指双方都知道的人或物. 例如:-Where are the new books, Jim?- They are on the small table.3 上文提到过的人或物. 例如：Have you ever been to the city before? (你曾经去过那个城市吗？)4.指世界上独一无二的事物.例如：the sun(太阳)5.

11、用在序数词和形容词最高级前面.例如：the hottest night(炎热的夜晚)6. 用在表示方向、方位的名词前.例如：the right(右边)7. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前或由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如：the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山)， the Great Wall, the United states提示;例外的情况: Mount Tai 泰山China Daily 中国日报8.用在某些形容词前表示一类人. 例如：the wounded(伤员)9.用在表示乐器的名词前.例如：the piano(钢琴)提示：但是乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the.He b

12、ought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。10.与单数名词连用表示一类事物.例如：The horse is a useful animal.(马是有用的动物)11.用在发明物之前.例如：the compass(指南针)12.用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代.例如：in the 1990s(在20 世纪90 年代)13.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示某家人.例如：the Blacks(布莱克一家)14.用在单位名词前. 例如：measure by the metre(用米来衡量)15.用在

13、身体的部位前。在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用人称代词，例如：catch sb. by the arm(抓住胳膊)t ake sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂；hit sb. In the face 打某人的脸be red in the face 脸红； be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸等结构中,名词前要用the16.用在某些专有名词前.例如：the United Nations(联合国)17.用在某些习惯用语中.例如：by the way(顺便说) at the same time(同时)四零冠词的用法口诀：代词限定名

14、词前 专有名词不可数学科球类三餐饭 四季星期月份前颜色语种和国名 称呼习语和头衔1)不可数名词(物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词)前通常不用冠词;可数名词复数表示泛指时其前也不用冠词。例如: Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.水加热变成蒸汽,遇冷则变成冰。On Sundays shops are always crowded with people.2)称呼语以及表示独一无二的职位的名词作表语、同位语、宾语补语(或主语补语)时,前面不用冠词。例如: Will you help me to solve the maths

15、 problem, Mother?Bush Jr. was elected president of the United States.3)名词前已有作定语的代词this, that, my, your, whose, which, some, any等修饰时,不用冠词。例如: They had no children.Whose bike is this?4)表示节日、月份、星期、学科、运动项目以及三餐饭的名称的名词前通常不用冠词。例如: Christmas (Day)is coming.We will hold a meeting on Friday.Maths is as intere

16、sting as physics.Lets go and play football, shall we?Lets go and watch them play chess.We went out for a walk after supper.注意：季节、月份、日期前如有限制性定语修饰,应用定冠词,如表示“某一个”或“一种”时,也可用不定冠词。例如: He graduated from school in the summer of 1990.We had a terribly hot summer this year.特指某顿饭时可加定冠词,有定语修饰时三餐饭名称前可用不定冠词例如: Wh

17、at do you think of the dinner? 你认为晚餐如何?They had a wonderful lunch. 他们吃了顿丰盛的午餐。5)在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名，路名，山名等的名词前不用冠词。Nanjing Road 南京路， Hainan Island 海南岛6) as 引出的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词提前,通常不用冠词。例如: Child as he was, he knew two foreign languages.虽然他是个孩子,却懂得两门外语。7）报纸的标题、书名、剧本提示等中常省略冠词。例如: Workers On Strike 工人在罢工

18、8) 某些交通工具名称前不用冠词。例如：I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车上学。Did you go by air? 你坐飞机去的吗？They came by land. 他们由陆路来的。The goods will be sent there by water. 货物将由水路运往那里。提示：表示邮寄方式的名词前也不用冠词。例如：He sent the letter by air mail. 这封信他寄了航空。9)两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词,常见短语；day and night(日日夜夜), face to face(面对面), watch TV(看电视), at

19、school /work /home in trouble(在困境中), arm in arm 臂挽臂, side by side 肩并肩, father and son 父子, one by one 一个接一个brother and sister 兄妹, sun and moon 日月, from time to time 有时，不时, from east to west 从东到西from beginning to end 自始至终, from morning till night 从早到晚, hand in hand 手拉手, mother and child 母子day by day 一

20、天一天的, husband and wife 夫妻, step by step 循序渐进, from door to door 挨家挨户 hour after hour 一个小时又一个小时eg: They are doctor and patient. 他们是医生和病人。Father and son are playing chess. 父子两人在下棋。They are walking down the road side by side. 他们肩并肩在路上走着。Husband and wife are sitting in the room. 夫妻俩在房间里坐着。难点一、表示类比的说法（单数

21、可数名词前加定冠词或不定冠词；复数名词不加冠词都可以表示“一类”）A horse is a useful animal.The horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.（马是一种有用的动物。）难点二、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别；go to school 和go to the school某些个体名词，如：school, church,college, hospital, bed, prison, table 等，表示抽象意义或相关的活动时，不加冠词；而如果表示具体地点，则要加定冠词。例：The children go to schoo

22、l at seven every morning. 孩子们每天早晨7 点钟上学。Father went to the school to see Mr. Chen. 父亲去学校看望陈老师。I go to bed at about eleven. 我大约11 点钟睡觉。He sat on the bed and watched TV. 他坐在床上看电视。The Wangs are at table. 王家一家人在吃饭。Is this the table you bought yesterday? 这是你昨天买的那张桌子吗？He is seriously ill and must be sent

23、to hospital at once. 他病得很重，必须马上送医院。He is going to the hospital to buy some medicine. 他打算去医院买些药。1at table进餐at the table在桌子旁2in hospital住院in the hospital在医院里3by sea乘船（由海路）by the sea在海边4go to sea当水手go to the sea去海边5in future从今以后，将来in the future未来6on earth究竟on the earth在地球上，在世上7go to school (church)上学（做

24、礼拜）go to the school (church)到学校（教堂）去8in front of在（外部的）前面in the front of在（内部的）前面9on horseback骑着马on the horseback在马背上10take place发生take the place of代替11two of us我们当中的两人the two of us我们两人（共计两人）12out of question毫无疑问，一定out of the question不可能13on the whole = in general大体上，一般地as a whole = altogether全部地，整体14

25、A most important meeting一个重要的会议the most important meeting最重要的会议15A third time又一次the third time第三次16at a distance稍远一些in the distance在远处17A number of许多the number of的数目18for a moment一会儿for the moment目前，暂时19be in charge of负责be in the charge of由负责，在掌管之下20by day在白天by the day按日计算21in possession of拥有in the

26、possession of为所有22in sight of能看见in the sight of据的见解23in place of代替in the place of在的地方24be of age成年be of an age同龄25take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告26He is still in office.他仍在执政He is still in the office.他仍在办公室里例外提示：a. 在cinema, theatre 前常要用定冠词。例：She went to the cinema (/movies) once a week. 她每周看一次电影。

27、They went to the theatre last night. 他们昨晚去看戏了。He prefers the cinema to the theatre. 他喜欢看电影，不喜欢看戏。b. in front of 表示“在前面”，相当于before, 而in the front of 则表示“在某物内部的前部”。例：The driver saw a boy standing in front of the bus. 司机看见一个男孩站在公共汽车的前面。The drive sat in the front of the bus. 司机坐在公共汽车的前部。难点三、序数词前加定冠词与不定冠

28、词的区别the+序数词，表示“第几，a+序数词表示“又一， 再一”The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one. 蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。难点四、a number of , the number of的区别A number of 意思是“许多”，相当于many；The number of 意思是“.的数量，.的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。eg: A number of students like playing computer games.The number of students is about 1,500 in

29、our school.难点五、在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用人称代词，catch sb. by the arm(抓住胳膊)take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂；hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸be red in the face 脸红；be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸等结构中,名词前要用thehit sb. on the head .打某人的头。pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀难点六、a singer and dancer 和a singer and a dancer

30、两个名词共用一个冠词，表示同一人或物；两个名词前各有冠词时，则表示两个人或物。a black and white cat 一只花猫a black (cat) and a white cat 一只黑猫和一只白猫She is a singer and dancer. 她是歌唱家，同时也是舞蹈家。They are a singer and a dancer. 他们是一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。The teacher and writer has come. 那位教师兼作家已经来了。The teacher and the writer have come. 那位教师和那位作家已经来了。It is an English and Chinese dictionary. 这是一本英汉词典。They are an English and a Chinese dictionary. 它们是一本英语词典和一本汉语词典。难点七、当名词被其它词修饰时，不定冠词a,an的位置应注意。（1）不定冠词与so, as, too, how 等连用时的位置例：He is as clever a boy as Tom. 他是像汤姆一样聪明的孩子。It is so high a wall that we cant climb i