1、青少版新概念英语知识1A知识点总结一 词类1. 名词:普通名词:mobile , coat, umbrella , camera , bicycle ,key , dress, flower , pyjamas 职业名词:student , teacher , accountant, photographer, policeman,policewoman, postman, actor, actress, secretary , burglar2. 形容词:tall,short,old,new,young,fat,thin,handsome,beautiful,pretty,small,big
2、,clean,dirty,thick,thin,light,heavy,empty,full,Early,late,shut,open,Strong,weak,ugly,long, fast, slow, fresh, hungry, thirsty, hot, cold, dark, blonde,little, expensive, cheap,3. 人称代词:主 I you he she it we you they宾 me you him her it us you them形物代: my your his her its our your their4. 方位词和介词a : 方位词
3、: in on under in front of behind next tonear beside betweenb : 介词 : in 用在季节,月份,年份 ,大地点。On 用在具体的日期前,在星期前at 在旁边,具体的时间点前, 具体的地点前, from 来自,从到 , be from , come from , fromto5. 特殊疑问词:(1)what 对“什么”提问, (2) where 对 “地点 , 哪里”提问(3)which 对“哪一个” (4) who对 “人”提问(5)Whose对 “谁的,形物代,名物代”提问 (6) How old对 “年龄”提问(7)What c
4、olour对 “颜色”提问 , (8) what nationality对 “国籍”提问(9)Whats the matter with ? 对 怎么样了提问(10)What time is it ?对 “时间”提问,(11)How many对 “多少”提问(可数名词)6. 名词变复数的变化规则:(1)一般情况下直接加s(2)以s, x, ch ,sh, 结尾的加es, 结尾的有生命的加es , 无生命的加s,有两个o结尾的也加s,例如 :kangaroo-kangaroos(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的把y变为i 再加es, Cherrycherries(4)以元音字母加y 结尾的加s , 例如
5、:boys(5)以f ,fe ,结尾的把f, fe,变为v 再加esWifewives shelfshelves knifeknives(6)不规则的特殊记manmen, womanmen , policemanpolicemen ,policewoman-policewomen , thisthese , that those ,childchildren7. a ,an 的用法:a 用在 辅音因素前,an 用在元音音素前(不是元音字母).名词所有格: 人名+ s , 职业名词 / 名词 + s 表示 “谁的”例如: Its Pauls . Its Lily sIts the doctors
6、 . Its the boy s .Its the girl s . Its the teachers .二 句型1 一般疑问句(1)变一般疑问句:先看句中是否有be (am, is , are ) 和情态动词can , 如果含有be (am, is , are ) ,can , 直接把be (am, is , are ) ,can 提前(2)如果没有be ,can , 要借助于助动词 do 或者 does2. 特殊疑问句,由 “特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句”构成特殊疑问词有: what ,where ,how,who,whose , which 等3. 选择疑问句:由单词or (或者,还是)构
7、成。例如: Is she a teacher or a nurse ? -She is a nurse.4. There be 句型 :There be表示“有”,某处有某物()There be 分为There is (单数和不可数),There are (复数)(2)含有There be 的句子变一般疑问句,把be 提前,首字母大写,末尾加问号,如果遇到第一人陈,要变为第二人称。结构式 :I / Are there ?肯定回答:Yes , there is/ are . 否定回答 : No , there isnt / arent ()变否定句: 直接在be 后加not ,There is
8、/are not 5.Give + 宾格(宾语)+Give me / you / him / her / it / us / you / them a / an 2新概念英语青少版1A(Unit 1 -10)练习题Name_ Mark _1、按要求做题:(每小题2分,共10分)1)Mrs. Jenkins is Roberts mother.(变成一般疑问句并作否定回答)2)William is the man with the black hair.(变成一般疑问句并作肯定回答)3)The new pajamas are pure white.(变成一般疑问句并作否定回答)4)Roberts
9、 shoes are a bit big for him.(变成一般疑问句并作肯定回答)5)There is someone downstairs.(变成一般疑问句并作否定回答)2、填上适当的be动词:(每空1分,共5分)1)Pauls bicycle _(是)old.2)Lucys and Roberts bags _(是)full of books.3)Roberts and Lucys outfits _(是)for the school play.4)Roberts camera _(是)interesting, very colorful and very unusual.5)Her
10、e _(是)Pauls new pajamas.3、就画线部分提问:(每小题2分,共10分)1)The silver bicycle is .(用whose)2)(用which)3)Linda is .(用who)4)Is Robert hungry or thirsty?(二选一回答)5)(用where)4、根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子:(每空1分,共14分)1)My n_(名字)is William Jenkins.2)Karen is my w_(妻子).3)Nice to m_(遇见)you.4)Its a g_(绿色)hat.5)Its a s_(银色)key.6)The boy i
11、 _(在里)the white car.7)The man w _(戴着)the black hat.8)These are my fathers t _(领带).9)The doctor is very b_(忙碌的).10)Give me the t_(手电筒),please.11)You are r_(对的).12)Her mother is f_(著名的)photographer.13)There is a n_(噪音)in the living-room.14)No h_(伤害)done.5、联词成句:(每小题2分,共6分)1)shirts, very, pretty, those,
12、 be2)at, machines, look, washing, the3)be, Washington, from, she,6、短语/句子英汉互译:(每小题2分,共20分)1)你的伞是什么颜色?2)一朵红色的花.3)怎么啦?4)谢谢你们的欢迎!5)等一会儿。6)Better safe than sorry.7)Here is the bus.8)Our school buses are all full.9)Tell me about Robert.10)Jump in, put your bag in, please.7、写出对应词:(每小题1分,共15分)Teacher _ yes
13、_ black_ boy_ man_ father _ young_ new _ hot _ come_ here _ tall _ long_ small _ clean_8、变成复数:(每小题1分,共8分)Shelf _ policewoman _ that _ key_ Secretary _ bus _ this _she_9每空1分,共12分)青少版新概念1B出现的时态一般现在时:表示经常的,习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理等。am,are,is; / do, does eg: I m a student. You are right. He is sad. The earth goes
14、 around the sun. I go to school every day. He watches TV on Sat. . There be 句型1. 定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人存在某处。 2. 结构: (1) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语. (2) There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语. there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。(就近原则)eg:There is a bird in t
15、he tree. 树上有一只鸟。 否定? 一般疑问句?特殊疑问句( There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。(就近原则) There are two boys and a girl under the tree.树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。 (就近原则)Have/has got的用法:1. 定义:它表示某物归某人所有,是一种所属关系, 主语为 人,只有“拥有”的意思。 2. 转换:have got, has got(第三人称单数), 3. 句型:I have got three sisters.
16、 He has got a bike.否定句 一般疑问句?特殊疑问句(three/ sisters)?比较:There be 和 Have/ has goteg: There are some apples in the fridge. We have got some apples in the fridge.some 和 any 的用法1) 一般情况, some用在肯定句中,any用在否定句和疑问句中eg:There are some students in the classroom。 否定句? 一般疑问句? 2) 在下列场合,some也可用于疑问句。 1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的
17、。eg: Do you wait some people here? Yes, I wait for myfriends.( 说话人认为是在等人,所以用some) Do you wait any people here?No, I wait for a bus. (说话人不知道是否是在等人,所以用any)2、款待用语或问句的实质等于提出一个要求并希望得到肯定的回答时。eg:Dont you want some more tea?(你不想再来点茶吗?) Do you buy me some drink?(你是不是该请我喝一杯?)情态动词can的用法说明:情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在
18、,它必须与动词原形一起构谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:1.表示能、会,指脑力或体力方面的能力。 eg: I can speak English.我会讲英语。Can you speak English? Yes,I can. / No, I cant. Jim can swim, but I cant.吉姆会游泳,但我不会。 2.表示可能,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。 eg: Caren cant be in the classroom.凯伦不可能在教室里。 Can he come here today?他今天能到这里来吗? 3.表示可以,常用于口语中,指许可
19、或请求做某事。eg: Can I have a cup of tea, please?请问我可以喝一杯茶吗? You can go out.你可以出去了?时间的表达1) 整点: one oclock, six oclock 2) 半点:half past six3) 过一刻: a quarter past six ( directly say 6:15,Its sixfifteen)4) 差一刻:a quarter to seven ( directly say 6:45,Its sixfourty-five)Practice: 5:15, 11:45, 3:30, 9:05, 7:50,10
20、:28when和what time的区别what time问具体的时间,如某一天的几点钟,甚至几分钟,而when除了问时间以外,还可以对比较笼统的时间:日、星期、月、年。因此在问生日日期时,不要用“what time”这个特殊疑问词,而应该用 when。eg:What time is it? Its 2:35.What time is your English class? / Whens your En. Class? (My English class is at 3:30) Whens your birthday?可数名词和 不可数名词一、可数名词:可以按个数计算的普通名词,如人或事物,
21、有单数形式和复数形式。1)可数名词单数变复数规律:2)a few,many 修饰可数名词,表示“一些,许多”。 如:a few pens, many apples a一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, 3) a little, much修饰不可数名词,表示“一些,许多”。bed-beds;读音:清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读z。 b以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:iz。c以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es
22、,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:z。以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:day-days, boy-boys;读音:z。 d以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:z。e以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况: 1)有生命的+es 读音:z 如:negro-negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:z 如:photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复
23、数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, g. 单复同型: people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese二、不可数名词:是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可以用a/an来修饰,可以用量词来表达数量( 量词有复数形式),+量词+of+名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The fo
24、od is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。 如:water (水) waters (水域), orange juice (橘汁) oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。 如:fruit fruits ,fish fishes4. 量词表数量:a cup of tea, a bottles of water three cups of tea, five bottles of water 可数名词和不可数的用法1)可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用
25、some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示“一些,许多”。如:There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。 There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。如:a little water, much meat 4) 对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many;如: How many apples are there?那里有多少个苹果? 5)对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much如:How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水 6)对
26、不可数名词前的“单位词”的修饰语提问时,疑问词用howmany。如: How many pieces of bread are there on the plate? 盘子里有多少片面包? 量词的用法 1) 单数形式:eg:a piece of bread, a loaf of bread,a cup of tea, a sheet of paper, a bag of suger, a bar of chocolate, 2)复数形式:eg:2 pieces of bread, 3 loaves of bread, 4 cups of tea, 5 sheets of paper, 6 ba
27、gs of suger, 7 bars of chocolate, 8 boxes of pens祈使句的用法定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句肯定结构 1)Do 型:eg: Watch your steps. 当心脚下。 Keep of the grass. 请勿踩踏草坪。 Have a seat,please. 请坐。 2)Be 型:eg: Be quiet,please. 请安静。 Be careful. 当心。Be a good boy / girl. 要做个好孩子。 3)Let 型:eg: Lets go. Let him go. Let me help y
28、ou.否定结构:1)No+ doing 型:eg:No parking;No smoking; 2)Dont + do 型:eg:Dont watch TV. Dont let him go. Dont smoke. 频率副词的用法定义:表示动作发生次数的副词,通常放在行为动词之前, be、助动词、情态动词之后。1)always 的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断,“总是、“永远”。2)usually 的频度为70%左右,译为“通常”、“平常”,即很少例外。3)often 的频度为50%左右,意为“常常”,不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断。4)somet
29、imes 的频度为20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生,间隔较大。5)seldom 的频度为10%左右,意为“不常”、“很少。 6)never 的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。(Never 放在句首是,要用倒装语) eg:I am never late for school.I never watch TV on Monday. Never am I late for school.Never do I watch TV on Monday. 序数词的用法定义:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 1、 英语的序数词基本变法:1)一般在基数词后加th, fourth,sixth,sevente
30、enth 2)-ve结尾的改为-fth, five-fifth,twelve-twelfth 3) -ty结尾的改为-tieth, thirty-thirtieth, forty-fortieth 2、使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. eg:I.3、 两位以上,个位不为零的序数词,仅个位变序数词,其余部分用基数词:eg:thirty-sixth, two hundred and forty-fifth,4、两位数以上的整数,直接加-th, five hundredth,two thousandth5、特殊变化:first,second,third;ninth,nineteenth,ninetieth 6、序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有单、复数变化:eg:1/3: one-third, 2/3: two-thirds, 1/4: one-fourth (a quarter), 3/5: three-fifths青少版新概念1A 语法总复习姓名:_一、a/an是对好姐妹,各司其职要用对。a和an用在可数名词单
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