广东省届高三英语二轮复习 第二讲 时态语态讲义.docx

1、广东省届高三英语二轮复习 第二讲 时态语态讲义第二讲 时态语态 动词的时态一. 一般时态1. 一般现在时用动词原形表示，但单数第三人称后要加-s，在词尾加-s时要注意：一般情况：加-s 例：reads，writes，says以s，x，ch，sh收尾的词加-es 例：teaches，washes，guesses以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es 例：trytries，carrycarries。这个时态的疑问句一般以句首加助动词do，does构成。句中动词要用原型动词be提前：Do you know it？Are you students？Does she have a pen？(1) 一般

2、现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况、特点和经常性或习惯性的动作,常和副词 usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，seldom, near，occasionally，every year, every week ,all the time， from time to time等连用。例如：Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. They usually cycle to work. She has a brother who lives in New York.(2) 在由after，until，be

3、fore，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment， the minute, the day 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.注意：在the more?the

4、 more ?(越厖越厖) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get.(3) 某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作(这时都有一个表示未来时间的状语)：但这只限少数动词，如：begin，come，go，leave，sail，start，arrive，return，dine，end，stop，depart，open，close，be等。The plane leaves at three sharp. The new teachers arrive

5、 tomorrow. When do the train leave(stop at Jinan)？Tomorrow is Saturday。Is there a film on tonight？(4) 在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. Youll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. (5) 表示客观规律和永恒真理等：Light travels

6、faster than sound.Two and four makes six.The moon moves round the earth.注意：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.(6) 有些表示状态和感觉的动词常常可用于一般现在时：be，love，like，hate，want，hope，need，prefer，wish，know，understand，remember，believe，recognize，guess，

7、suppose，mean，belong，think(以为)，feel，envy，doubt，remain，consist，contain，seem，look(看起来)，see，fit，suit，owe，own，hear，find，suggest，propose，allow，show(说明)，prove，mind(在意)，have(有)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，matter，require，possess，desire等等。I feel a sharp pain in my chest.The soup contains too much salt.You see what

8、I mean？The coat fits you very well.How do you find the book？一般现在时考点分析： 表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)Water boils at 100. 表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other. 表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree

9、、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你

10、愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。时态比较：现在一般时与现在完成时1) I come from Shanghai(上海人)I have come from Shanghai(从上海来)2) You read very well. (强调能力)Youve read very well. (强调一次刚完成的动

11、作)3) I forget.(一时想不起来了) I have forgotten.(仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了) 4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态)The book has been written in simple English.(表动态，已用英语写成)5) Every time I see him, hes been reading. (两个动作不可能同时进行) Every time I have seen him, hes been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行)6) He is gone. (强调状态) He

12、 has gone (强调动作和时间)7) He wont come till the play begins. (演出开始时) He wont come till the play has begun.(戏已开始)8) After I leave school, Ill go to college. (两个动作紧密相接) After I have left school, Ill go to college.(强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔)9) It is a long time since I saw you last. Its been a long time since I saw

13、you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语)10) Where are you? (在哪) Where have you been?(去了哪) 现在一般时与现在进行时1) He works hard.(强调始终如一) He is working hard.(强调现在)2) What do you do? (干什么工作的) What are you doing?(在干什么)3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰) The bus is coming.(汽车到来的情景)4) I forget his name. Im forgetting his name.(差点把他

14、的名字忘了)5) You dont eat much. (强调胃口不大) Youre not eating much.(你怎么不吃呀)6) The match starts at 7 oclock. (比较固定，不宜改变) The match is starting at 7 oclock.(可以改变)7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备)8) Tom goes to college now. Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动)9) I tell you.(我

15、可以告诉你) Im telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩)10) He always sleeps in the afternoon. He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了)11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令) Im expecting you to phone me.(婉转)12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满)13) I find that the book is too difficul

16、t for me.(强调结果) Im finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到)14) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实) Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)15) He always thinks of others. Hes always thinking of others.(表示赞扬) 16) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see

17、 him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行) 17) I hope youll give us some advice. Im hoping youll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转) 18) I must go. (我应该去) I must be going.(我该走了) 19) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐) We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始) 2一般过去时一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，动词be有was,

18、were两个过去式，was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他情况。在构成否定及疑问句时，一般都借助助动词did, 动词be有其独特的疑问及否定形式(基本上和一般现在时一致)。这个时态的三种结构可表示如下：一般动词： 动词be：I worked there. I was there.I did not work there. I was not there.Did you work there? Was I there?(1) 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间的词、短语或从句连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1

19、945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, one day,just now,once upon a time, at one time,in the pastXXX例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2) 表示过去习惯性动作。例如：He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. 注意与be us

20、ed to doing短语的区别(3) used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early.(4) 有些情况，发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用过去时态：I was glad to get your letter.What was the final score?How did you like their performance?在谈到已死去人的

21、情况多用过去时：Laoshe was a great writer.My grandmother was kind to us.注意：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise在since 引导的状语从句多用一般过去时.主句中一般用完成时 He has changed much since I saw him last.一般过去时的考点分析(考核重点) 一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到

22、、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine.I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt. 如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and,

23、when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it. 常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you / I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.3一般将来时一般将来

24、时由助动词shall或will加动词原型构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。这个时态的肯定、否定及疑问机构可表示如下：I shall go.I shall not go.Shall I go?除英国以外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势，在口语中常紧缩为Ill.1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作,将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态常和soon, next week, before long, from now on, in the future, tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。例如

25、：I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.Will you be busy tonight?The agreement will come into force next spring.We wont (shant) be free tonight.I shall graduate next year. Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.注意：有时表示将来的时间状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况：I will think it over.Who will take the cha

26、ir?Will she come?They wont object it.2)表示将要发生的动作或情况，除了一般将来时外，还有一些其他结构和时态：(1) be going +to+v(表打算、准备作的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事)：例如：We re going to put up a building here.How are you going to spend your holiday?Who is going to speak first?Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. (2) be to +v表示计划安排要做的

27、事，具有“必要”的强制性意义或用来征求对方的意见。例如： When is the factory to go into production?The line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.Am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work? I am to play tennis this afternoon. (3) be about to +v表示即将发生的事情(不加时间状语)。例如：He was about to start. We are about to leave.He is about to

28、 retire.(4) 一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中(主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.Ill let you have the book when im through.Theyll fight till they win complete victory.Ill be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.注意：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般

29、将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.(5) 某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。(限于某些动词，表示按计划或时刻要发生的事)：School finishes on January 18th.We get off at the next stop.When does the winter vacation begin?I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.(6) 现在进行时(限于某些动词，表示按计划安排要发生的事)：We are havin

30、g an English evening tonight.They are playing some folk music next.I am taking the children to the zoo (on Sunday ).注：一般将来时有时还可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作：Crops will die without water.Oil will float on water.这一时态有时用来表示揣测(a)或容量(b):a. That man in the middle will be the visiting minister.b. The hall will seat 500pe

31、ople.一般将来时考点分析： 表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等)。 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water. 表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。 be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If