镇江市市属中学高三英语一轮复习学案M7U3语法学案1介词短语.docx

1、镇江市市属中学高三英语一轮复习学案M7U3语法学案1介词短语介词短语介词不能独立在句中做成分，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。一、介词短语的作用: (1) 用作表语 The house is in fairly good condition. 这所房子状况尚好。 (2) 用作宾语A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一个人从墙后走出来。 (3) 用作定语 Ive decided to leave on the afternoon of the 18th. 我决定18号下午

2、离开。 (4) 用作状语 He walked by me without noticing me. 他走过我身旁而没有注意到我。 (5) 用作补语Kelly is employed as a mechanic. 凯利受雇当技工。(宾语补足语) He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是本城最好的医生。(主语补足语)二、表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区别例子时间at in on at 在一个时间点上in 在一段时间之内on 在具体的日子at 8 oclock , at noonin the 1990s, in J

3、anuaryon Monday, on a warm morningsincefromsince: 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用from:指从时间的某一点开始We havent seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning exercise from today.inafterin:指在一段时间以后，也可以指在一段时间以内（within）after:表示某一具体的时间点之后或用在过去的某一时间间之中Well be back in three days.After seven, the rain began to fall.What s

4、hall we do after graduation?in the endat the end of by the end ofin the end:最终最后，单独做句子成分，后面不接介词of。at the end of表示在末端，到尽头，既可以时间，可以指地上或物体。by the end of：在结束时，到为止，只指时间，不可单独使用。In the end, they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English eveni

5、ng at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.表示的概念介词（短语）区别例子位置betweenamong between: 两者之间among:三者或三者以上的中间有时候说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调两两相互间接的关系时，在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把他们视为分居两边或谈事物间的差别时，用between.You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.The litt

6、le valley lies between high mountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and corn.inontoin: 表示在某范围内on:指与毗邻to:指某环境范围内Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.oninon:只指在某物的表面上in:表示占去某物一部分There is a book on the piece of paper.

7、There is an interesting article in the newspaper.inintoin:通常表示位置（静止）into:表示动向，不表示目的地或位置We walked in the park.We walked into the park.throughacrossthrough:表示从内部通过，与in有关across：表示从一端至另一端在表面上通过，与on有关Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.in the corneron the cornerat the corner

8、in the corner :表示在角落里，in指角的内面on the corner:表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意at the corner:指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room. I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.表示的概念介词（短语）区别例子除了besidesexceptbutexcept forbesides:指“除了还有，再加上”。 except:指“除了，减

9、去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for:表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。All went out besides me.All went out except me.I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。表示的概念构成例子动作（表示进行概念，表示被动的关系）at+名词at

10、 dinner/table 在吃饭 at work 在工作 at war 交战at cards 在玩牌 at play在玩耍 at rest 在休息at press 正在排印 at school在上学 at church在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 无法控制beyond compare 无可比拟 beyond description 难以形容beyond expression 无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑in+名词in+名词+of+名词in the army 在当兵 in need of需要 in acti

11、on 在运转in progress 在进行 in operation 在运行中 in use开始使用in sight 看到见 in store 贮存着in course of construction 正在兴建中 in good repair 维修良好的in course of shipment 正在运输中 in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由负责in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被拥有on+名词on business出差 on holiday/vacation/holiday在休假on watch 值班 on d

12、uty 值日 on guard 在执勤on strike 在罢工 on sale出售 on loan 借贷ont the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the match在行军on the air 在广播 on fire在燃烧 on trail 在在试用on show/display/ vacation 在展出under名词under control 在控制中 under discussion 在讨论中under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中under test 在测试中 under construction 在建设中under fire

13、在炮火中 under examination 在检查中under consideration 在考虑中 under repair 在修理中under arrest 被逮捕 under attack 被攻击under study在研究中 under medical treatment 在治疗中 其他against ones opinion 反对某人的意见for ones opinion 赞成某人的意见above reproach 无可指责， 无法非议above suspecion 不受怀疑 above criticism无可指责at the mercy of 在支配下，任由摆布for sale

14、供出售 for rent供出租 within sight 看得见三、常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别常见形容词搭配意义absentbe absent from缺席be absent in不在这里而在afraidbe afraid of担心be afraid for为而担心angrybe angry with sb.对某人生气be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气anxiousbe anxious for sth.急于想得到be anxious about sth./sb.对某事/某人担心differentbe different from与不同be differen

15、t to不关心familiarbe familiar with精通，熟悉be familiar to为熟悉goodbe good at擅长于be good for对有益be good to对友好/态度好popularbe popular with sb.受欢迎be popular for因而流行strictbe strict with sb.对某人严格要求be strict in sth.对某事要求严格四、.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组类型例子差一冠词，大相径庭in front of在前面 in the front of 在某物内部的前面in charge of 负责 in the cha

16、rge of 由负责out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁边有无介词，意义不同know sb. 认识某人 know about sb. 了解某人shoot sb. 击中某人 shoot at sb. 向某人射击search sb. 搜身 search for sb. 搜寻某人believe sb. 相信某人的话 believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb. 使某人受益 benefit from sb. 从某人那里得到益处画蛇添足，误加介词serve for peop

17、le 为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）enter the room 进入房间（容易在enter后加into）follow me 跟着我（容易在follow后加behind）marry sb. 与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）go abroad 出国（容易在go后加to）live upstairs 住在楼上（容易在live后加in）母语思维误用介词be caught in the rain 被雨淋（不用by）leave for some place 动身去某地（不用to）set an example to sb. 为某人树立榜样（不用for）in the direction 朝

18、着方向（不用to）do a favor for sb. 帮某人一个忙（不用to）different from 和不同（不用with）with the help of 在帮助下（不用under）steal sth. from sb. 偷某人的东西（不用of）read sth. to sb. 给（为）读（念）（不用for）四、常考的固定介词短语及其固定搭配英语汉语意义英语汉语意义above ones own在自己的之上in front of在的前面above average在平均分以上in general大体上，总体上according to根据in honour of为了纪念after all毕

19、竟in need of需要，紧缺along with与一道(又), 连同一起, 随同一起in ones mind在某人心里apart from除之外in other words换句话说as a result (of)（由于）的结果in place在适当的地方as well as也，还有in place of代替be convinced of sth.坚信in praise of歌颂，赞美be curious about sth.对某事物感到好奇的in return作为回报, 作为交换because of因为in search of寻找below average在平均分以下in short简言之

20、beyond control无法控制in sight在视程内，（被）看得见beyond description无法描述in spite of尽管beyond reach无法到达in terms of就而言beyond repair无法修理in the direction of朝方向by chance偶然地，碰巧地in the form of以方式（形式）by means of通过的方式in turn反过来by nature天生地in vain徒劳，白费by oneself单独地，独自地instead of代替，而不是except for除了（除去瘕疵、枝节末节）next to次于，在旁边，紧邻

21、far from远离；远远不； 远非of ones own age跟某人自己的年龄相同for one thing一方面, 常与for another thing（另一方面）连用on average平均hear from收到的来信，得知某人的消息on condition that条件是, 以为条件in addition to另外=besides或excepton ones mind某人有心事， 担心in all总共on purpose故意地，有目地in case（of）万一, 以防on the other hand另一方面in detail详细地，详尽地on time按时，准时in doubt怀

22、疑on top of在之上/顶部；除之外in effect实际上，生效，在实行中regardless of不顾，不管in exchange for作为交换to the point中肯，切题in face of面对with regard to至于, 关于in favour of支持within easy reach在容易达到的地方，在的附近练习：一、单句语法填空（结合语境，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。）1. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average. 2. The di

23、ctionary is out _ date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.3. That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. _short, hes reliable.4. Rather than define success as financial gain or social status, define it _ terms of personal happiness.5. _

24、 view of the shortage of time， the chairman decided that each candidate should finish the speech within 5 minutes.6. I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.Many people think there is nothing apart _ice and snow.7. Hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to get changed _ the party.8. After thre

25、e hours discussion, agreements were made _ the two countries. 9. In the final，we narrowly won the game. _ be honest，I didnt expect we had a chance of winning at first.10. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.11. There are many students living at

26、school because the childrens houses are all far _ it.12. _ production up by 80%, the company has had another excellent year.13. A new cinema is _ construction in our city and it will be completed next month.14. It is _ me how you and Oscar can share an apartment for so long. Youre tidy while hes so

27、messy. 15. His failure was due _ the fact that he had not practised for a long time.16. Although he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually _ the way.17. Im looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?How about the Moon Lake? It is _ easy reach of the city.18. John was

28、 late for the business meeting because his flight had been delayed _ a heavy storm.19. Along _ the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.20. The dress is very nice, but not_ the girls taste, for she is somehow particular.二、单项填空1. Both parties have agreed to the proposal

29、 _ but we still have to negotiate the terms.A. in principle B. in store C. in return D. in contrast2. Dad, I am not playing the piano as well as before.Take it easy. You are just _.A. out of sight B. out of control C. out of practice D. out of place3. The life you live will expand or shrink _ the measure of c