1、SAT阅读强化课SAT Critical Reading s paragraphs reading skills1. Types of passage:Single passage: short (100) (SSP) long (450-900) (LSP)Paired-passages: short (250) (SPP) long (650-1000) LPP)2.三角关系(段落-题干-题支) Passages (different solutions to different kinds of passages) Questions ( summarize different type
2、s of questions)Options (identify the wrong options and select the best choice)3. Features of SAT critical reading Introductory material: origin, time, author, background, theme, key words, etc.4. Types of questions A. 举例说明概述题:The author mentions/quotes/cites/uses sth to/ in order toThe example in li
3、ne X suggests/emphasizes/illustratesThe reference to X provides/presents an example of Structure: 1 TS+ For instance/example+ details information2 Examples/explanations + Conclusion3 Example/explanations(文字理解)讲什么选什么Solution: 必须细读example之前的句子(一般为TS)或之后的句子(一般为CONCLUSION),而example则可扫读或略读;然后,根据TS以及CONCL
4、USION或例子本身找正确选项。)Samples:P455-9-10(新版577)P647-9(763); P526-10-16(646); P668-22(784) P802-20(914)B. 态度题:tone, attitude, reaction, response, feeling, sentiment, expression, view, regard.asType:A,正态度B.负态度C.混合态度: 侧重型混合评价(仔细研读各个选项里的相关副词和形容词) 纯粹混合评价Solution: focus on some crucial adjectives, adverbs and v
5、erbs, and eliminate the wrong choices with the method of positive/negative evaluation.Samples: P647-8(763); P607-10-12(725); P729-12(781); P802-22-23(914); P851-12(961)C.主旨题:1 The passage serves mainly to _;The passage primarily focuses on _;The passage is primarily concerned with _;The main idea/po
6、int/purpose of the passage is _The passage as a whole is best described as _The passage as a whole answers which of the following question?2 Solution: 一般置后做(但注意做标记以防止忘做);如先做则应看导言(key words) 各段首句,尽量找出TS.3 P402-9;P404-18;P405-19;P455-12(577);P469-16(591);P528-19(648);P554-7(674);P591-15(709);P592-19(7
7、10);P618-7(736);P714-15(828);P790-24(902);P810-13(922);P863-10(973);D.排异题 EXCEPT, NOT, LEAST1 类型: 全文(P457-16)(新版579); 段落(P527-14(647); P470-20(592)常考2 Solution: 一般最后做;读文章时高度重视个体分层或段落列举部分并做标记;通常应先看选项用排除法E.词汇题 X word / phrase in Line Y most nearly means_ Solution: 背单词;按文章上下文推测(同义关系,反义关系,固定短语及合成词);代入法
8、(注意语法,搭配及态度评价);猜测一些词汇的常考意义hail: to greet or acclaim enthusiasticallyhost: a large number; a multitude.conjure: To call or bring to mind; evoke,imagineinstrument: a means by which something is done; an agency/agentconstitution:体质,体格5.SAT阅读的标记点: 人名(name)(首字母提炼) 加引号(quotation mark)的单词或短语 有连字符(hyphen)的单
9、词或短语 斜体字(italics)的单词或短语6.正确答案特征:v 概括性v 深度性v 符合美国人价值观v 使用委婉表达(不肯定语气词)v 同义替换v 喜欢考察较长的观点和态度v 不考具体名词指代,考现象和原因v 考引用人的身份和观点关系v 本体和喻体关系A is .as if .B.(问题:作者为什么说B?答案是为了论证A)v 个别词句和原文关系:增强说服力v 论点与论据关系7.错误答案特征:v 无中生有v 正反混淆v 答非所问v 过分绝对(极端词汇)v 扩大范围v 因果倒置v 常识判断v 推理过度v 偏离中心v 变换词性v 除非文中提到,否则选项若有比较和最高级往往是错误选项文中只提到A
10、or B文中提到了A & B, 但并未A vs. B文章提到了A& B, 且做了比较,但不是选项中所列的比较点错项一:出现extreme words 的选项1 大多数:most, 2 所有:all, anyone, anything,3 每个:everything, everyone,4 仅仅:only, solely, exclusively,5 很少:few, little, seldom6 不再:never, no longer, no more, not any more,7 完全:totally, utterly, completely, entirely, absolutely,8
11、 过度:overly, excessively, extremely,pretty,rather错项二:随意比较 A is superior to B P713-14-D(827)A is as as B P391-11-BA is more/better/adj+er than B P391-11-C; P391-12-B; P469-18-D(591); P648-12-C-E(764);8. 选项中的相近原则 NOUNs & VERBs at the beginning of the options are same or similar p731-19(845页) Classifica
12、tion:P470-19(592), P545-20(665), P863-13, (973)P545-19(665); P486-18(608); P554-16(674); P607-9(725) P618-11(736); P714-15(828); P811-17(923), P729-9 (843)P648-12(764); P467-12-13(589); P554-15(674); P802-24(914); P618-13(736); P455-11(577)ssp 短篇1.连续出2篇 P+2 questions time:3 mins/passage2.Solution:(1
13、) scan the two questions quickly and identify the type of each question(快速浏览问题,定位问题类型) (2) read the whole passage and take a brief note/ mark the crucial information(熟悉文本题材,重点看首尾句及中间过渡词,转折词however,yet,but,one the contrary,in contrast to,unlike,for example(略读或省略不看),one the one handone the other hand,
14、for one thingfor another thing,first,second,whats more,so,therefore.(3) 文本中如有问题?的句子需要结合作者所要表达的意图,大部分是反驳或引出自己的相反观点。(4) scrutinize the options and select the best choice(检查题支,找到最佳选项,利用排除法)LSP 长篇1.2-3篇 450850 words/passage 102mins2.Solution: 浏览导言作标记(origin, time, author, background, theme,) 跳读文章的重要部分包括
15、各段首句,首尾段尾句以及转折句并简作笔记 (最多3-5mins) 审查题干并细读行号要求的相应内容(无行号的题目,找关键词CLUE WORDS) 排查选项作答 (排除法)3.难点,重点- 转折句: 重点句位置:第一段中间或第二段开头 转折连接词:A类:But, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, still, 重点在连接词后B类:while, though, although, albeit重点在主句;although, albeit除过可以加从句之外,还可以加形容词或副词。 表示转折的副词:Unexpectedly, Unfortunately,
16、 Surprisingly, Ironically, Paradoxically-自相矛盾,似是而非, etc4.典型的转折句的写法(混合态度, 重点在后):A, Of course,_. But_.B, It is true / without question that_, but_ C,There is no doubt that/Undoubtedly _. But_.D,前半句中出现do, may, seem, appear_, but_. Spp短双1. P1+P2 4 questions 1篇 5mins2. Solution Read P1& P2 and take a bri
17、ef note (重首句,末句和转折句) Read a question and scrutinize its options Select the best choice for it Repeat steps and for each question注意:先做各自的细节题再做主旨或两篇的对比题3. Relationship between P1& P2 Opposition 相反(V2 V1) V2 totally different from V1 (P391) 11 V2 partially against V1 (P589) (707新版)+(P665)(781新版)部分否定的典型
18、说法:(混合态度, 重点在后) I cannot dispute _. What I do dispute, however, is/are _;I don not dispute_, But I _Support支持 (V2 V1) V2 extends V1 (P862) (P543)11 + (P711, P58)Relate to each other in some ways某些方面相关(P466)8 + (P787)4. 典型问题及对策:互联题(仅在PP中出现): Which of the following best describes the relationship betw
19、een the two passages? _ in P2 would most likely +VERB +_ in P1?TYPES OF VERBS:support/ exemplify/agree with/espouse/strengthenweaken/undermine/discredit/criticize/damagerespond to/react to/ claim/assert/argue/contend/suggest/consider/interpret/view/regard Solution: 弄清楚哪些是已知信息,哪些是未知信息,并确认是在 p1or p2?求
20、异题:P1 differs from P2 in that_Unlike P1, P2_contrast/difference between P1& P2 is that _X in P1& P2, respectively, are_Compared to P1, P2_is in P1, but not in P2?Solution: 找不同,注意确认答案出处是哪一篇文章求同题:P1 is similar/ analogous/ parallel to P2 in that_Which of the following statement is shared by P1 & P2?Bot
21、h passages_ X in P1 is most like _ in P2?What do P1& P2 have in common?Solution: 找共同点,虽然有时某一篇里面可能没有明确讲出来,但可通过上下文的动词,名词,形容词及作者态度推断出来Elimination of options: 1 仅表现P1or P2内容的选项2 提及了P1和 P2 都not mention (N/M)的内容的选项LPP 长双1.1篇 字数800左右 15minsP1+P2 followed by 10-13 questions2.长篇二合一文章的答题方法: 浏览导言作标记并在有关P1&P2的题
22、目上画圈 跳读P1 重要部分并回答相应的题目 跳读P2重要部分并回答相应的题目 最后回答P1+P2关联的题目文章:P544 (relate to each other in some way)P809 (观点基本oppose的文章)3.P545-15:footnote脚注的引用 斜体 外援题Which of the following statements adds information for _?What additional info would weaken/support _?Which statement about _, if true, would _?1 Solution:
23、 先弄清题干中的已知信息和动词的类型(support/undermine/explain),然后把题干中的未知信息选项排除Sample questions:P402-6;P457-17;P527-15;P545-15;P651-20-21;P667-16;P863-13;Literature and cross-cultural study (文学作品及跨文化交际题材)1.文学作品(novel, memoir, story, narratives, essay) 通过introductory material识别文章类型 (标志词: novel, memoir, story, narrativ
24、es, essay) 先看某个题目 再看相应的文章内容 (有行号的直接看, 无行号的找定位词-大写字母的缩写,人名地名时间等) 排查选项作答 重复-完成其他题目注意:两个问题中间的其余内容最好快速浏览,不要跳过不读suggestion:因为文学作品的文章比较难懂,又比较耗时,所以答题的时候可以置后做。(此建议仅供参考,可以根据自己的文学功底和阅读能力自行决定。)2.Articles: (跨文化交际题材)P467:美籍华人玉坠的象征意义 (NOVEL)考点: culture (language, symbol, conflict, tradition, etc) identity(身份认同) v
25、iew (把握观点) experience(经历) emotion(把握态度)P81: 波兰女孩移民加拿大的经历(MEMOIR)推理题: infer, suggest, imply, convey, indicate, demonstrate Solution: paraphrase the same thing (in passage) with different statements (in options)正选两大原则:对应原则:find the synonymous words or similar expression in options逆向思维:reverse thinking
26、 中长篇文章结构分析1.问题解答型文章结构Questions Answer (TS)Detailed example or explanation Conclusion/summary2.结论解释型的文章1 宏观上为总分结构:Conclusion (TS)explanations/examples (summary)2 文章首句极为重要,通常是个判断句,也就是TS。Other passages: P391, P851, P6503. P714 比较对照式的文章结构: AA&B(transition)BA vs B + summary (可略)注意:大部分的文章,首尾段一定要仔细读,尤其是尾端的
27、最后一句往往前后呼应或者一语道出作者的主旨或者态度。每段的首句必须读,往往是该段的主题句(抓住该段里的连接词并列递进还是转折,如转折重点读转折后的语句)-考察最多的就是论点与论据的关系 SAT阅读文章中的theme1.women A.考查点: career职业 right权利 ethnic种族 status地位(特别是社会政治地位) movement运动 role角色及行动B. Articles:P80 professional womenAuspicious幸运的Ominous不吉利的Sinister阴险的;凶兆的Dexterous灵巧的;敏捷的Ambidextrous双手灵巧的;怀有二心的
28、-cracy: 统治,政体,社会(a system or rule)Meritocracy英才教育(制度);精英管理的社会Democracy民主;民主主义 nationalism 民族主义gynae- 女性的,妇女的Gynaecocracy/ gynecocracy女权政治Gynaecology/ gynecology妇科医学P648 womens right in the Revolutionary WarC.特点总结:文章经常提到MEN/MALE作对比,而MALE部分可略读或跳读 对女性的评价通常都是正评价(赞赏或同情),所以有关女性的态度题的选项范围可以缩小。女性文章中对男性的评价一般为
29、负评价。Other passages: P94, P456, P799, P863, 2. the Black and Native AmericanA.main leaders of the Black1 Frederick Douglass - abolitionist movement Narrative of the Life of F.D:an American Slave(红色kaplan p25和OG第四套p617)2 W. E. B. Du Bois - NAACP Crisis The Souls of Black Folk3 Marcus Garvey - Back-to-
30、Africa movement/ UNIA4 Malcolm X - the Nation of Islam (NOI)5 Martin Luther King, Jr. - NAACP/civil rights movement/ non-violenceB.Articles:P617 Frederick Douglassmain points of Native American1 History2 Culture (tradition, art)3 Situation/statusOthers: P590, P676, P740, P789, P801, P865,3. Biotic Environment考查难度:Creature-Environment-Culture考点分布:动物多、植物少(动物观察事物与人类的不同,及动物的玩耍,与人类的关系急救)SAT常见
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