Teaching Design.docx

1、Teaching DesignUnit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教材分析和教材重组教材分析本单元的主要内容是边缘科学、地球生命的起源，万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文学知识。通过本单元的学习，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探究科学的热情。1. Warming Up部分共有三组问题，第一组问题引导学生讨论边缘科学(Frontier Science)，即以两种或多种学科为基础而发展起来的科学。例如，生物化学是以生物学和化学为基础的边缘科学。第二组问题探讨科学研究的方法。第三组问题让学生思考要成为真正的科学家所必须掌握的技能。2. Pre-readin

2、g部分主要让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。学生总喜欢听故事或讲故事，在探讨生命的起源的科学道理之前，让学生交流一下有关宇宙的起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。3. Reading部分讲述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有别与其他星球，它使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，上百万年后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。文章最后讲述的现象发人深省：The earth may become too hot for the

3、lives on it.它关系到地球上生命的未来。4. Comprehending部分通过四个选择填空题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解：地球上生命的起源和延续需要哪些条件?随后通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程。最后提出两个问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断能力。5. Learning about Language部分首先通过英文解释帮助理解课文中的生词，然后，通过短文填空、词语分类等形式将这些词语用于一个相关的情境中。语法部分也是采用先发现后应用的学习方法。先通过到课文中找句子，让学生认识主语从句，然后，设置一个用手机发短信息的情境，让学生进行简单句与主语从

4、句之间的转换练习。最后设置情境来复习第三单元出现的表语从句。6. Using Language部分综合训练听说读写的能力。听力部分的内容介绍三位科学巨匠，不仅通过听力填表的形式训练学生捕捉细节的能力，还通过四选一的形式帮助学生找主题思想。在解释对与错的过程中，教师可以适当地介绍一下概括主题的方法。阅读部分是一个科幻小故事，通过“我”和“我的朋友”乘宇宙飞船登月球的经历，介绍了重量、失重和地球引力等科学道理。说和写部分以Visiting the moon为话题，要求学生讨论登月球需要携带的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困难，并要求学生找出克服这些困难的方法。教师可以根据课本上的提示，向学生介绍“先分述

5、后总结”的写作方法。提出问题的解决方案时，要求学生选用适当的“指示”用语。教材重组1. 将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。2. 将Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。3. 将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。4. 将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。5

6、. 将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。课时分配1st Period Reading2nd Period Language study3rd Period Integrating skills()4th Period Listening and Speaking5th Period Integrating skills()Part 1: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading

7、(HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH)AimsTo develop the students reading abilityTo learn something about astronomyProceduresI. Warming up by learning vocabularyGood morning, class! Today, w are going to take Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars. Before we read the text, lets turn to page 99 and get fa

8、miliarized with the vocabulary first. Pay attention to the making of the word. Study the prefixes, roots and suffixes in the words.Astronaut Yang LiweiII. Pre-reading1. Looking and sayingHave you ever wondered how the universe began? Well Im sure you may have many answers to this question, but I hav

9、e one that perhaps, you may not have heard of yet. I will be giving you my theory on this subject. Now look at the screen and listen to me telling you something exciting.科学家透露：宇宙可能有两个我们的宇宙和一个隐藏的宇宙共同镶嵌在五维空间中。在我们的宇宙早期，这两个宇宙发生了一次相撞事故，相撞产生的能量生成了我们宇宙中的物质和能量。 2. Talking and sharingDo you know how the univ

10、erse began?In the 1920s in California, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed distant galaxies using an extremely powerful telescope. He made two mind-boggling(unbelievable) discoveries. First, Hubble figured out that the Milky Way isnt the only galaxy. He realized that faint, cloud-like objects in the ni

11、ght sky are actually other galaxies far, far away. The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies. Second, Hubble discovered that the galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In other words, the universe is expanding. The biggest thing that we know about is getting bigger all the time

12、. A few years later, Belgian astronomer Georges Lematre used Hubbles amazing discoveries to suggest an answer to a big astronomy question: “How did the universe begin?” III. Reading1. Listening and reading aloudNow please listen to the recording and then read the text aloud. Pay attention to how the

13、 native speaker is reading along and where the pauses are within each sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.2. Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after cl

14、ass as homework.Collocations from HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHa cloud of energetic dust具有能量的尘埃, combine into合成, move around the sun环绕太阳运转, become violent变得激烈, the solid surface固体表面, explode loudly猛烈爆炸, in time及时，最终, produce the water vapor产生水蒸汽, make the earths atmosphere构成了地球的大气层, cool down冷却, on th

15、e surface在表面, be different from与不同, go round the sun环绕太阳运转, disappear from从消失, stay on存留在, show ones quality显现某人的特性, dissolve harmful gases分解，溶解有害气体, become part of变成的一部分, develop life发展生命, grow in the water在水里生长, fill with用来填充，充满了, encourage the development of鼓励的发展, millions of years later几万年以后, li

16、ve on land在陆地上生活, live in the sea在海里生存, grow into forests长成森林, produce young生出幼仔, lay eggs下蛋, animals with hands and feet长着手脚的动物, spread all over the earth遍布全世界, develop new methods发展了新的方法, grow food种植, move around迁徙, go by过去，推移, take care of在意，照看好, putinto把带入，放入, preventfrom防止做, escape from into从逃离

17、到, become hot变热, depend on.依靠，依赖，取决与, solve a problem解决一个问题3. Reading and understanding difficult sentences Skim the text and identify the difficult sentences of each paragraph. You may put your hand up if you have any questions. 4. Reading and transferring informationRead the text again to complete

18、 the table below, HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHWhat was the earth like after the “Big Bang”?Why was the earth different?How was life developed on earth?What did small clever animals do? 5. Reading and translatingAs you have read the text times, you can surely put it into Chinese. Wang Hongqin, will yo

19、u be the first to have a try, of putting the first paragraph into Chinese.IV. Closing downClosing down by doing exercisesTo end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 2 and 3 on pages 26 and 27. Closing down by having a discussionHow Did the Universe Begin?There are only three possible

20、 answers to this question. 1It was created by something larger than itself since the first law of thermodynamics(热力学) says that energy cannot be created, only changed.The universe had to be created by something outside itself, because of the same law. We also know that man could not have created it.

21、 2It was begun by chance (or accident); or3The answer is not sure.Shown this way, the question is:Additional MaterialsComplete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHAfter the “Big Bang” came a 1 of energetic dust, the earth. Dust combined into a ball, moving

22、 2 the sun. The earth became violent. Then it 3 loudly. In time, the water vapor was produced, making the earths atmosphere 4 down. Water then appeared on the 5 . The earth was to be different from other planets going round the 6 . Water disappeared from other planets. But it stayed on 7 . Small pla

23、nts began developing 8 the water.Years later green plants came into 9 . The air then was 10 with oxygen.Millions of years later, small 11 animals were found to be living on the 12 , in the sea. They spread all over the earth, moving 13 the earth, putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere w

24、hich 14 heat from escaping from earth into space. In the end the earth may become too hot to live 15 .（Keys: 1. cloud 2. around 3. exploded 4. cool 5. surface 6. sun 7. earth 8. in 9. being 10. filled 11. clever 12. land 13. around 14. prevents 15. upon）Comprehension questions1. What forms the earth

25、s atmosphere?A. Carbon dioxide, oxygen. B. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, poisonous gas.C. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen. D. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases.2. Can you tell what is the “special qualities” of the earth according to the passage?A. The earth goe

26、s around the sun. B. The earth was solid shape which was last.C. There are animals and human beings live on it. D. Water remains on the surface of the earth.3. What kind of factor improve the progress of life?A. Water forms on the earths surface. B. Green plants began to appear on land.C. The air is

27、 full of carbon dioxide. D. Animals began to appear such as insects, amphibians, est.4. What is the main idea of this passage?A. It tells us how does life begin to appear on the earth. B. It tells us why does green plants grow before animals.C. It tells us water plays an important role in the develo

28、pment of life. D. D. It tells us carbon dioxide is the reason why living beings will die in the future,5. The author infers us that if we want to the life continue on the earth, what should we do?A. We should produce more carbon dioxide to cause global warming.B. We should solve the problem of globa

29、l warming as soon as possible.C. We should bear less people and think about a new way to grow more crops.D. We should be worthy of water.(Key: DDBAB)Notes to some difficult sentences1. After the “Big Bang ” the earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.随着“轰隆”一声巨响，地球就成为一个云团，充满着具有能量的尘埃。Big Bang(big-ban

30、g cosmology) 大爆炸宇宙学。2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后

31、。Ill see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。in time(for sth/ to do sth) : not late 及时；不迟。She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合节怕。The audience clapped in time to the music. 观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。（sth）be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must

32、 happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们彼此说了再见，几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。She is to be honored for this great work. 她（一定）会因这部著作而获得荣誉。Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 oclock at the latest.” 克拉克先生对他的女儿说：“你必须在10点之前到家。”3. Nobody knew that it was going to be different f