考研英语基础阶段必备英语词汇二.docx

1、考研英语基础阶段必备英语词汇二考研英语基础阶段必备英语词汇(二)11. accuse， charge“控诉，指控”之意，所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。12. acquire， attain， obtain， gain， earn， achieve， secure都有“获得，取得”的意思，在考研屡次出现。a

2、cquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果;也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v

3、.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱?achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved

4、 success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。secure v.得到;把拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意;使安全，保卫;作形容词比较常见，意为“安全的”。A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。13. acute， critical， crucial， urgent“严重的，重要的”意思。acute a.剧烈的，严重的;急性的(病)。An acute lack of

5、 food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。critical a.意为“关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指“批判性的，分析性的”。It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。crucial a.意为“决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的”，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved co

6、nsumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复是至关重要的。urgent a.意为“紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的”，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调“紧急的”状态。We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。14. adjust， regulate， rectify， amend， convert， alter， modify， transform， vary都含有“调整、改变”的意思。adjus

7、t v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行;多含有“控制”之意。Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。ame

8、nd v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规等。The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是信仰。Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。Hes converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。The tailor altered the waist

9、band on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry， and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。Remodeling transformed an old， dark house into a che

10、erful one.重新装修使这所旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。15. admit， confess， concede这几个动词都有“承认”的意思。admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而“承认”某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有“坦白、招认”的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了

11、他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指“以退为进”的承认。The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。16. affiliate, link, attach, append都有附加的意思。affiliate v.加入，成为一部分。an affiliated middle school一所附属中学link v.将人或物连接起来。The crowd linked arm

12、s to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一字条别在报告的后面。append v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。17. affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim这一组动词都有声称的意思。affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣

13、称，是deny的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主。They cl

14、aim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。proclaim v

15、.宣布;宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。18. aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有加强的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而

16、过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动;(添材料等)加固。A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to bee stronger。Exercising every day strengthens the hear

17、t.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。petition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to bee more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨19. alert, cautious, considerate都表示小心的，谨慎的。alert a.警惕的，留神的。The hostess remained

18、standing, alert to every guests drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。20. alive, live, living, lively这一组形容词都跟活有关。alive

19、 a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。Who is the worlds greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家?living room起居室lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。