虚拟语气讲解及练习有答案.docx

1、虚拟语气讲解及练习有答案高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原

2、形would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚

3、拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所

4、要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to coll

5、ege.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should leave

6、the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The g

7、eneral sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Its requ

8、ested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：He wished he had never been in

9、volved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（about/hig

10、h） time 后的定语从句。如：It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1It was ordered that no smoking _ in the

11、library.Abe allowed Bwould be allowedCwas allowed Dhas been allowed【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：图书馆规定不允许吸烟。在Its ordered that从句中用should 加动词原形，其中should可以省略。故选A。2 Did you hear about Zhang Lili who saved the kids from being run over by a school bus? Yes. What do you think most people _ if they were in a simil

12、ar situation?Awill do Bwill have done. Cwould do Dwould have done【答案】C【解析】【详解】试题分析：本题考察的是if引导的条件句的虚拟语气，是对现在的情况的虚拟。在条件句if中使用一般过去时，be动词使用were，在主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”，情态动词为：would ,should ,could ,might。句义：你听说过为了挽救学生而被公交车撞到的张丽丽吗？是的。如果大部分人在相似的情况下，你认为他们会怎么做？故C正确。考点：考察虚拟语气3He _ busy yesterday, or he _ you with yo

13、ur experiment.Awas; had helped Bwas, would have helpedChad been; would have Dwere; would have helped【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：本题实际上考察的是or(否则，要不然)引导的含蓄的虚拟条件句。前面句中含有yesterday这个过去时的时间状语，故使用过去时即可。Or后面的句中要使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气would have done的形式。句义：昨天他很忙，要不然他就会帮助你做实验了。故B正确。考点：考察虚拟语气4 If he _ his legs in the last trainin

14、g, he _ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.Ahadnt hurt; would join inBhadnt hurt; would have taken part inCdidnt hurt; would go in forDdidnt hurt; would have taken part in【答案】A【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意：如果他在上一次的训练中没有受伤，他就能参加世界杯，这是他梦寐以求的要参加的。这是虚拟语气，条件状语从句是对过去的虚拟，所以用had done，根据the comi

15、ng World Cup主句是对将来的虚拟，所以用would do，故选A。考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。点评：本题难度适中。混合虚拟对于学生来说是难点，考生看到了last training，误选B，认为主句和从句都是对过去的虚拟，本题的关键在于对于he has been longing to这个动词的时态判定上。即学即练：_ last as his coach suggested, he wouldnt have narrowly escaped being killed.A.Hadnt the skydiver exited B. If the skydiver hadnt exitedC.

16、Should the skydiver not exitD. If the skydiver wouldnt exit解析：B。根据下半句，可以看出是与过去事实相反，所以上半句应该用过去完成时，而A项结构不对，故选B。5Dont forget to bring your camera with you, Jack.Oh, thank you. I wouldnt bring it if you _ me.Awouldnt remind Bhavent remindedCshouldnt have reminded Dhadnt reminded【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查错综条件的虚拟语气。

17、句意：不要忘记带上你的相机，杰克。啊，谢谢。如果你不提醒我，我不会带的。本题主句涉及的时间是将来，从句涉及的时间是过去，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。本题从句表示与过去事实相反，过去事实上是“提醒”了，故用过去完成时。6The officer _ that all of them should set out at six oclock.Acommanded BsaidCtold Dwanted【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词。A. commanded命令；B. said说； C. tol

18、d 告诉；D. wanted想要。根据宾语从句中的谓语动词should set out，可知答案为A。7_there were more people donating money to charity collections!AOnly if BIf onlyCWhat if DHow about【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定句式。A. Only if 只要；B. If only要是；C. What if假使-将会怎样；D. How about觉得怎么样。句意：要是有更多的人捐款给慈善机构就好了！if only要是就好了。根据句意可知选B。【名师点睛】Only if只要，引导条件状语从句

19、；If only要是-就好了，if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。If only he didnt drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。8Was Sun Yang sorry for his driving without a license?Yeah, he said he

20、_ a role model as a public figure but he failed to be.Awas Bhad beenCshould have been Dwould be【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：孙杨为他的无证驾驶感到抱歉吗？是的，他说他作为公众人物本应该做个榜样，但是他没有这么做。根据“he failed to be”可知，表示与过去事实相反，表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”，应用should have done结构。故选C。9If you hard at school, you a college student now and would get a good

21、job in the future.Ahad studied; would have been Bwould have studied; could beChad studied; would be Dstudied; could be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你上学时努力学习，现在就是大学生了，将来会找到一个好工作。从句是对过去的假设用过去完成时，而主句是对现在和将来的假设用would+原形，故选C。【名师点睛】虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符

22、，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，用现在时的虚拟形式过去时；而主句的动作与过去事实不符，用过去时态的虚拟结构would have done。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to

23、Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。本题是第一种用法，从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以从句用过去完成时形式，主句用现在时和将来时形式。10If it _ for her great help th

24、en, I would not study English so well now.Ahasnt been BwasntChadnt been Disnt【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：那时候如果没有她的帮助，我英语现在不会学的如此好。根据时间状语then可推断，从句表示与过去事实相反，所以谓语动词用过去完成时。故选C。11Lily is a good singer. How I wish I _ as well as her.Asing Bwill singChad sung Dsang【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：Lily是一个好歌手。我多么希望我唱得和她一样

25、好啊。wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，根据语境可知，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故选D。12Im sorry. _ for my illness, I would have come and lent you a helping hand.AWere it not BIf it were not CHad it not been DIf has not been【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。根据主句谓语动词would have come可以判断，此处是对过去发生情况的假设，所以if从句应该用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中if 从句如果有动词had、should、wer

26、e时则可以省略if，把had、should、were等提前，所以C选项正确。句意：很抱歉，要不是因为我病了，我会前来帮助你的。【名师点睛】If引导的非真实条件句1. 对现在情况的假设：表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况。结构：If+主语+did，主语+should/ would /could +do。例句：If you knew English well, you would be able to talk with foreigners freely. 如果你精通英语，你就能自由地和外国人交谈。（事实是现在你不精通英语）2. 对过去情况的假设：表示与过去事实相反的情况。结构：If+主语+ha

27、d done，主语+should/would /could + have done.例句：If I had not studied hard, I might have failed in the exam. 如果我没有努力学习，我会在考试中失败。（事实是我已经通过考试了）3. 对将来情况的假设：表示将来实现可能性不大的情况。结构：If+主语+did/were to do /should do，主语+should /would /could do。例句：If he should change his mind, what would we do? 如果他改变主意，我们该怎么办？（他改变主意这件

28、事还没发现，而且发生的可能性不大）if的省略：在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，这时从句需要采用倒装语序，即：将were, had, should等助动词提到主语前面，主句不做任何变化。例句：Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们将待在家里。4. 错综时间：所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间。这时，需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式。例句：If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，就听他的忠告了。（从句表示现在时间，主句

29、表示过去时间）13He made the suggestion that we by train.Awent Bwould goCgo Dhad gone【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议我们坐火车去。名词suggestion后面的同位语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形；should可以省略。故选C.【点睛】虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法在proposal, suggestion, order, requirement, desire, decision, advice, plan, necessity等表示提议、要求、命令等名词的后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，可

30、用“动词原形”或“should +动词原形”虚拟语气。His suggestion is that the meeting be put off.他的建议是推迟开会。He made the suggestion that we go by train.他建议我们坐火车去。14If my car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.Awas Bhad been Cshould be Dwould be【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我的车靠得住的话，去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机了。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。15If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you what to do now.Aknew Bhad knownCwould know Dwould have known【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查错综时间条件句的虚拟语气。句意：如果你上次见