上海市长宁区高三英语高考二模卷解析版.docx

1、上海市长宁区高三英语高考二模卷解析版长宁区20192020年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试高三英语答案解析版（考试时间 120 分钟，满分 140 分。）I. Listening Comprehension Section AII. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word

2、, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The family who eats togetherWhats the price of a family meal? For many families in the worlds wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, too much. For instance, in the United

3、States, _1_ is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals _2_ (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals _3_ have shortened too: from a

4、n average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes.So perhaps were better off asking ourselves _4_ the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly _5_ (share) family

5、 meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who dont eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, _6_ (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at C

6、olumbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are _7_ (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol.But those numbers, impressive _8_ they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure _9_

7、future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time.The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeablebut no less realeffects too. So often, _10_ i

8、s at the family meal that the family as suchthe family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitionsis made.【答案】1. which 2. has decreased 3. themselves 4. what 5. sharing 6. conducted 7. less likely 8. as / though 9. against 10. it【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处。【1题详解】考查非限制性

9、定语从句的引导词。句意：例如，在经常引领此类潮流的美国，大多数家庭表示，他们每周在一起吃一顿饭的时间少于五天。根据is often a trendsetter in such things可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。【2题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：事实上，在过去的20年里，美国家庭共享食物的频率下降了33%。根据over the last twenty years可知此句时态是现在完成时，且主语是the frequency of shared meals，要用单数形式。故填

10、has decreased。【3题详解】考查代词。句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到12分钟。根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身。故填themselves。【4题详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：因此也许我们最好问问自己不一起吃饭的代价是什么。根据were better off asking ourselves可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词，由宾语从句中的is可知此处要用what“什么”，且what充当is的表语。故填what。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁青少年缺课的可能

11、性是其他人的两倍。根据share与逻辑主语15-year-olds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式。故填sharing。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。根据found that可知此处要用非谓语动词，由conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系，因此要用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。【7题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒

12、品和酗酒的问题。固定短语be likely to do“很有很可能做某事”，根据who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week可知此处要用形容词的比较级，表示“不太可能”。故填less likely。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但它们可能无关紧要。根据impressive和they seem可知此处是形容词放在句首的半倒装句，根据句意可知连词as / though“虽然，尽管”符合题意。填as / though。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是预防未来不幸的措施。根据

13、future misfortune可知此处要用介词against，表示“抵御，预防”。故填against。【10题详解】考查代词。句意：通常情况下，正是在家庭聚餐中，家庭作为一个有机的整体，拥有共同的记忆、情感和抱负。根据is at the family meal that可知此处是一个强调句，被强调部分是at the family meal，因此要用代词it。故填it。【点睛】第2小题考查了现在完成时。现在完成时结构：have/has+过去分词。主要用法有：1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，表示“已发生”或“未发生

14、”，如：yet，just，before，recently，once，lately，of late等；也同表示频度的时间状语连用，如：often，ever，never，sometimes，twice，on several occasions等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如：now，today，this morning，this month，this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语（in 1995，last year等）连用。例句：He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。Why havent I seen you all these months? 我怎么这么

15、多月没看见你呢？Weve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用，如：so far，up to now，since last year，for a long time，all my life，these few days等。例句：He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。Up to now, we have received no news from her. 到现在为止，我们没有从她

16、那里收到任何消息。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bonesYour shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who _11_ wear shoes are different to th

17、ose of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some _12_ in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says R

18、ita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most _13_ findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 _14_from North America, Africa and Europe. These _15_ sandal-wearing (穿凉鞋) Nguni farmers i

19、n southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and

20、movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively _16_. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more u

21、nbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a persons life, and there is no evidence that these alterations can be passed on _17_.According to Sorrentino, _18_ evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cav

22、e may be 8300 years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldnt have _19_ the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino _20_ that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.【答案】11

23、. C 12. K 13. F 14. E 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. I 19. G 20. J【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过研究来自北美、非洲和欧洲的11个族群的142块踝骨发现，习惯穿鞋的人的脚踝和赤脚走路的人的脚踝是不同的，穿鞋会削弱踝关节。早期的鞋子都相当柔软不会对脚踝的运动造成太大的限制，但是现代鞋的坚固性会使我们的骨骼变得更弱，更容易骨折。【11题详解】考查副词。句意：习惯穿鞋的人的脚踝和赤脚走路的人的脚踝是不同的。根据wear shoes可知此处要用副词修饰动词，habitually“习惯地，日常地”符合句意。故选C。【12题详解】考查名词的复数。

24、句意：意大利博洛尼亚大学的Rita Sorrentino说：“我们知道现代人的脚会有一些变化，这是由穿鞋子造成的。”根据根 due to the use of shoes可知，空处填variation,再根据some可知此处要用名词的复数形式，variations“变化”符合句意。故选K。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：但之前的大多数发现都与脚的前部和中部有关。根据findings可知此处要用形容词修饰名词，previous“之前的”符合句意。故选F。【14题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：他们研究了来自北美、非洲和欧洲的11个族群的142块踝骨。根据from 11可知此处要用名词的复数形式，po

25、pulations“种群”符合题意。故选E。【15题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：这些人包括非洲南部穿凉鞋的恩古尼农民、生活在纽约的人以及石器时代狩猎采集者的遗骨。根据主语These可知此处要用谓语动词，由from Stone Age hunter-gatherers可知时态是一般过去时，included“包括”符合句意。故选D。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们的脚踝相对灵活。根据were relatively可知此处要用形容词，flexible“灵活的”符合句意。故选A。【17题详解】考查副词。句意：踝关节骨的变化是在人的一生中发生的，没有证据表明这些变化可以遗传。根据can be pas

26、sed on可知此处要用副词修饰谓语动词，genetically“从遗传角度，从基因角度”符合句意。故选B。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：根据Sorrentino的说法，人们穿鞋的确凿证据只存在了1万年。根据evidence可知此处要用形容词修饰名词，solid“可靠的，确凿的”符合句意。故选I。【19题详解】考查动词的过去分词。句意：早期的鞋子都相当柔软，所以不会对脚踝的运动造成太大的限制。根据wouldnt have可知此处要用动词的过去形式，restricted“限定，限制”符合句意。故选G。【20题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：鞋子是否有缺点还是个未知数，但Sorrentino怀疑，现

27、代鞋子的坚固性，会导致我们的骨骼变得更脆弱，更容易骨折。根据It is an open question可知此句时态是一般现在时，且主语是Sorrentino，that-此句是宾语从句，因此此处要用谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，suspects“怀疑”符合句意。故选J。【点睛】第5小题考查了一般过去时的用法。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6

28、:30起床。My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do so few people find fulfillment in

29、 their work? Amy Wrzesniewski, a Yale School of Management professor who studies these issues, offered an explanation that made a lot of _21_. Students, she said, “think their calling is under a rock, and if they _22_ enough rocks, they will find it.”Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Mil

30、lennials (千禧一代) say they want from a job. And yet her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling. So, many of her students are left feeling anxious, _23_, and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure.What theyand many of us, I thinkfail to reali

31、ze is that work can be _24_ even if you dont think of it as a calling. The four most common occupations in America are retail (零售) salesperson, cashier, food preparer/server, and office clerkjobs that arent typically _25_ “meaning.” But all have something in common with those professions that are, s

32、uch as teachers and doctors: They exist to help others. And as Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has shown, people who see their work as a form of_26_ always rank their jobs as more meaningful.That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization. _27_, most companies create products or services to fill a need in t