小学英语考点汇总.docx

1、小学英语考点汇总名词考点1. 专有名词要大写：China(Chinese,复数不变), Germany(German,复数Germans), Japan（Japanese,复数不变）, America（American,复数Americans）, Xian（西安）, Shaanxi（陕西）, New York(纽约), the Great Wall(长城), the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国）2. 可数和不可数可数：pens, books, an umbrella, two birds, many people(许多人)不可数：a cup of wat

2、er(一杯水), two glasses of milk(两杯奶); a piece of paper（一张纸）; two bowls of rice注意：液体，粉末类、肉类都是不可数名词：water, juice, milk, flour(面粉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef（牛肉）,fish（鱼肉），还有一些抽象名词：如money(钱)；还有容易弄错的面包(bread)也是不可数，一条面包是 a loaf of bread特殊的集合名词：people（有复数概念，说一个人时用person），指民族时有单复数之分，如：a people（一个民族）;There are 56 peoples

3、 in China.3.名词变复数1.规则见口诀：易错单词有day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys(元音加y结尾的直接加s,辅音加y结尾的才将y变i加es，如city-cities, family-families)2.f或fe结尾单词将f或fe变v加es口诀：妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去砍儿狼(wolf)，吓得小偷(thief)发了慌，急忙躲在架子(shelf)后，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。3.以O结尾的单词加es的口诀：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)名词变复数口诀：名词单数变复数

4、，直接加s占多数。s,x,ch,sh来结尾，直接加上es。词尾是f或fe，加s之前先变ve。辅音字母加y在词尾，把y变i再加es。词尾若是o,常用三个已足够,要加es请记好：hero，tomato, potato。男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee。老鼠虱婆也好记，ous变ic。孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。特殊记：ox-oxena fish-a few fish; a deer-four deer; a sheep-some sheep; a Chinese-two Chinese只有复数的单词：clothes(衣服)；trousers(裤子）；glasses(眼镜) 国人复数：中日人民一致

5、的，英法联军a改e，其他国人加s，重点提防德国人。4.复合名词变数一般只变核心词：如 boy student-boy students含man或woman的复合词，前后两个词都要变复数：woman teacher-women teachers; man doctor-men doctors; women shoes(女鞋)5.名词所有格有生命的一般加s，无生命的一般用“名词+of+名词”形式：the teachers book, a gate of school；a picture of my family; a map of China名词复数以s结尾，所以只需加，如the students

6、 classroom两个或两个以上的人共有一件东西，则在最后一个名词后加s，如果不是共有的，则需要在每一个名字后加s：Lisa and Susans teacher; Toms and Peters fathers(特别注意：后面的名词要变复数，做题时可根据后面的名词是否复数来判断前面是否是两个人共有的东西)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，s所有格后所修饰的名词常被省略。如：at the Greens(home)(可省略home表示在格林家)，at the doctors（在医院）常见节日：Womens Day; Mothers Day；Fathers Day; Childrens Day

7、; Teachers Day; National Day(国庆节)；Chirstmas(圣诞节)；Thanksgiving Day（感恩节）; April Fools Day（愚人节）; the Spring Festival(春节)；New Year(新年，元旦); Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)注意：节日是专有名词，每个单词的首字母要大写；儿童节、妇女节、教师节是所有人的节日，所以用复数，父亲节和母亲节是每个人的父母（唯一）的节日，所以用单数。重要：有Day的节日名词前面要用介词on，如on Chirstmas Day, on New Years Day, on Chil

8、drens Day, 没有Day的节日名词前要用at，如at Christmas, at New Year, at the Spring Festival冠词考点1.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前，表示“一”的数量,如: a pencil , an orangea/an在单词前的使用区别：要看单词开头的发音是否为元音，注意是发音而不是字母。如：an egg； an honest boy; an hour; an apple; an old man; an engineer; an elephant; an interesting movie; an orange; an onion; an

9、 ugly frog; an umbrella; an island; a European country; a red apple; a university2.如果是看单个字母前面是用a或an时，记住一个口诀：Mr. Li has one fox. 此句中的任何字母的发音都是元音。（注意是单独的字母发音，不是单词中的字母发音），所以单独出现这些字母时前面用an3.定冠词the的用法：独 指 方 高 乐 序 惯 家 形独一无二：the sun; the earth; the moon; the world；the Yellow River特指或第二次提到：What do you think

10、 of the teacher?方位：the east; the west; the south; the north; on the left; one the right; at the back of最高级：the best; the biggest; the most beautiful西洋乐器：play the piano; play the guitar; play the violin序数词：the first; the second; the third; the fourth; the best用于姓氏复数前表示全家人：the Whites; the Blacks; the

11、Jones用于形容词前表示一类人(注意不加s)：the poor; the rich; the young; the sick惯用语： in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening; in the end; by the way; at the moment; go to the cinema; on the left; on the right; in the middle of; in the world; in the sun; on the way to (on the way home) ; the same as4.零冠词：专有名

12、词（人名、地名、星期、月份、季节、节日等）、三餐、球类、棋类、游戏前不用冠词。如：Canada; China; October; Friday; Childrens Day; at home; at school; go to bed; on foot; all day and all night; face to face; by bus ; have lunch; play chess; on duty; at night; at noon; have a look；in autumn; on Monday; in 2017; in July5.种类的三种表达：A dog is an ho

13、nest animal.(单数名词前加不定冠词)；The dog is an honest animal.(单数名词前加定冠词)；Dogs are an honest animal.(复数名词前加不加冠词)6.用such, half修饰名词时, a/an放在这些词之后: half an hour(半小时)7.有the没the意义不同: in hospital(住院), in the hospital(在医院); go to school(去上学), go to the school(到学校去); at table(吃饭), at the table(在桌子旁边)，记住有the表示地点，没the

14、表示功能。8.用在形容词或副词的比较级前面，表示强调，意为“两者中较的一个”，如：He is the older of the two boys. 9.两个并列的形容词前者有冠词则表示不同的事物，如果后面一个形容词前没有冠词，则指一个事物。如：He raises a black and a white cat.(他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。)；He raises a black and white cat.(他养了一只花猫。)代词考点1.人称代词易错词she的宾格是her, he宾格是him, we的宾格是us, they的宾格是them. 口诀：主格动词前，宾格动介后。例：I(主) like(

15、动) him(宾). I care about(介) him(宾)。2.人称代词排序：单数顺序是二三一，即you-he/she/it-I；复数是一二三，即we-you-they3.物主代词分两类:形容词性和名词性。易错的物主代词her的名词性物主代词是hers, his的名词性物主代词还是his，its的名词性物主代词是its（注意与its的区别）, their的名词性物主代词是theirs。重点：形物代+名=名物代。例：This book is my book.= This book is mine.(my book=mine)4.用法重点：形容词物代不能单独使用，只能用来修饰后面的名词。名

16、词性物代要单独使用，后面不跟名词。口诀：有名则形，无名则名。5.名词性物代常用于构成双重所有格，与of连用：a/an/this/that/some+名词+of+名词性代物：a friend of ours(表示我们的其中一个朋友)。口诀：主名首，动介宾，形物代后名词跟，名物代后自己走。6.反身代词表示“由自己”、“亲自”、“本人”：by oneself(独自，单独)；for oneself（亲自，为自己）；enjoy oneself（玩得愉快）；help oneself（随便吃）;teach oneself（自学）；say/speak to oneself（自言自语）;make onself at home（请自便）7.指示代词this/that近指用单词，these/those远指用复数（注意后跟