2非谓语动词固定搭配中考大全.docx

1、2非谓语动词固定搭配中考大全基本概念 一、非谓语动词非谓语动词固定搭配中考大全非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的 ing: doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的 ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式一般式主动 to do完成式to have done进行式to be doing被动 to be dongto have been doneing 形式主动 doinghaving done被动 being donehaving been done过去分词被动 don

2、e四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子

3、，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后 还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing。对比学习 一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。 动词 ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如： is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk b. 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of

4、 sb. ) to do sth. Its important for us to learn English well. Its kind of you to help us.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 a、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如： My job is teaching / to teach English.Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. b、分词作表语一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词 表示主语的状态。 The movie is exci

5、ting. We are excited at the news.c、在 seem / appear (似乎，好像)，prove / turn out (被证明是)，remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词 后，可用不定式作表语。 He seemed (to be ) very happy.Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1、只能接不定式的动词：a.（想要）want, would like, would prefer

6、, ask, demand, intend, desire, b.（希望）wish, hope, expect,c.（决定）agree, decide, manage, promise, choose, continue, plan, prepare, make up ones mind, try ones best, offer, apply,d. happen, learn, fail, pretend, refuse, afford 2、只能接动名词的动词：suggest, advise(建议), finish, mind(介意)，enjoy (喜欢)，appreciate (鉴赏，感激

7、)，forbid(禁止)， avoid (避免)，cant help doing (忍不住)，risk (冒险)，feel like (想要)，delay, put off (推迟)， give up (放弃)，be busy (忙于)，be worth (值得)，practise (反复练习)3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remember to do 记得去做 remember doing 记得做过forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing 忘记做过了regret to do 遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过try to do 设法去做 try doin

8、g 试着做go on to do 接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事,mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着做stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做cant help (to) do 不能帮助做 cant help doing 忍不住做。 练一练：In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 4、表示未实现的愿望的动词, 即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做这些动词

9、 plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。Would like / love 只用 would like to have doneI would loveto the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.A.to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5、要接动名词的几个句型prevent /

10、 stop / keep sb. / sth from doing (阻止做)spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在花费或浪费时间或钱how about / what about doinghave some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做 有困难 have a hard / good time in doing 做 很艰难或做很愉快 There is no sense / point in doing6、含介词 to 的短语look forward to 盼望，devoteto 致力于、献身

11、于，be / get used to 习惯于， lead to 导致，get down to 着手做，pay attention to 注意，refer to 谈到，所指，参考，equal to 等于，能胜任，belong to 属于 练一练：Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some school for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 7、介词 but （除了）后接不定式：have no choice but to do

12、 sth. 没有别的选择 只好做 但当 but 前有形为动词 do 时，but 后的不定式省 to.练一练：Sandy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit8permit / allow (允许)，advise (建议)，forbid (禁止)，有两种用法： 一是后接动名词，二是后接“sb. + to do sth”9、need, want, require 意为“需要”，主语是物时，用句型：need, want, require +

13、doing 用动词 ing 主动形式表被动意义 三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较 1、不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask sb to do sth (sb 作宾语，to do sth 作宾补，宾语宾补复合宾语) 类似动词有：invite, tell, want, encourage, advise, order, requir, foce, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid（禁止）, warn（警告）, remind, teach, call on (号召)，depend on (指望)，would like / love (想要)，prefer,

14、 wish, expect, (hope 不带复合宾语) 注：help sb (to) do sth.2、使役动词后接不带 to 的不定式let / make / have sb do sth. 但使役动词的被动语态常用：be made to do sth.3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, notice句型：感官动词sb + do / doing / done (分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完成)1)They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.A. grow

15、B. grew C. was growing D. to grow2)The missing boy was last seen near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play4、with 的复合结构：with +宾+宾补。作宾补的词可以是：形容词、副词（in, out）,介词短语，非谓 语形式）。With 的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式 to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done 表 示被动和完成。The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind h

16、is back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 5、have 句型：have sb do sth, have sb/ sth doing, have sb /sth donehave sth done 表示两种意义：请别人做，而不是主语做；意外事故引起的。He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch .A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair6、find + 宾语 + 宾补（d

17、oing / done）, keep +宾+doing, catch sb + doing (撞见某人在做)， smell sb+doing (察觉到某人在做)He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passager.A.put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting7、表示“认为”的 think, believe, consider, judge 等，常用句型：think sb (to be )+ adj. / n. , be considered to have do

18、ne sth. 被认为已做了某事8、make oneself understood / heard / known , 即用了过去分词作作宾补9、句型 It is said / reported / thought / known that. sb / sth be said / reported to have done sth.Robert is said abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been stu

19、dying四、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语 a.作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to dob.原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. c. 结果：常用 only to do来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。 另外 固定结构：too to do, enough to do, so / such as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语 d.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式2

20、、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, onc（e一旦）though, although）练一练： time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given五、三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较1、不定式作定语 常表示“用要做”和“修饰 the +序数词”。常用句型： have / there be / with +宾语+ to do2、分词作

21、定语：单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在后面。（1）They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. (过去分词表被动和完成)（2）I want to write about people addicted to drugs.a sleeping boy (= ); a swimming pool (= )falling leaves (= ); fallen leaves (= ) 3、to be done, being done, done 作定语的区别六、几个特殊句式1)Why not d

22、o sth?=Why dont you do sth? 2)had better (not) do sth. 最好做3)would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿做 4)woud do rather than do would rather do than doprefer to do . rather than doprefer doing to doing 宁愿做. 而不愿做 七、疑问词不定式 结构1)what / which to do (what / which 作 do 的逻辑宾语，what 意为“什么”，which “表示选择” 2)when / where / h

23、ow to do sth.3)whether to do sth. (不用 if)4)why (not) do sth. (why 后省去 to) “疑问词不定式”在句中作主语或宾语 八、特殊的独立结构 1）现在分词的独立结构judging from / by, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的独立结构to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)动词原形： Believe it or not (信不信由你)4)作连词的分词 considering

24、 （考虑到，就而言），providing / provided 假如， supposing 假如这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接 that 从句。 九、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。十、我的重要笔记1stop to do sth. 和 stop doing sth. “stop to do sth.” 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth.”所表示的事情，可以将“to do sth.”理解成 “stop”的目的状语；“stop doing sth.”表示不做“doing sth.”所表示的事情。例如：“Stop talking. Lets begin our class

25、.” said the teacher. 老师说：“别说话了，让我们开始上课。”We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Lets stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长 时间了，让我们停下来听听音乐。2forget to do sth.和 forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和 remember doing sth.)“forget to do sth.”表示将来不要忘记做某事，谈的是未来的事情；“forget doing sth.”表示忘记过去 应该做的事情。例如

26、：“Dont forget to do your homework.” said the teacher before the class was over. 老师在下课前 说：“不要忘记做家庭作业。”“Im sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?” said Li Ming.李 明说：“对不起，我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗，陈老师？”3have sth. done.（过去分词）（让别人）做某事例如：I had my hair cut yesterday afternoo

27、n. 我昨天下午理了发。My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了，我必须让人修好它。4感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式或者现在分词的区别例如：see sb. do sth.看见某人（经常）做某事 和 see sb. doing sth.看见某人（正在）做某事 I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我

28、在公园散步的时候，我看见 他正在那里画画。5在主动语态中，感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch 等)和使役动词(make, have, let 等)要求接不带 to 的 不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上 to。例如：The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day. The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。6常用的几个和不定式有关的句型：Why not do sth?

29、为什么不做某事？It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。It is/was +形容词+(for sb.) +to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样。7介词后面一般接动名词。要特别注意介词 to 和不定式符号 to 的区别prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做不喜欢做 look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事make a contribution to doing sth. 为做出贡献 8现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 A现在分词含有正在进行的意思，而过去分词含有

30、被动或者已经完成的意思，如：a developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为 100) boiled water 开水（已经烧开的水，水温 可以依然很高，也可以是凉白开）a boy named Jim 一个叫 Jim 的男孩 B有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征，但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing 形式往 往用来说明事物的特征；他们的-ed 形式表示被动的意思，用来说明人的情况。I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个

31、有趣的故事感兴趣。I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情景感动了。They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。常见固定表达和 to do 连用的固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 be pleased /be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事 cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 cant afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 do/try ones best to do sth.尽全力做某事do nothing to do sth. 对无能为力 deserve to do sth. 值得干某事 形容词/副词+enough to do sth. 足以做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 find + it + 形容词 +to do sth. 发现做某事 get ready to do sth. 准备做某事go on to do sth. 继续做某事 hope to do