1、开学准备工作,工具书:英汉词典文具:红笔,记号笔,夹子,固体胶本:笔记本(笔记,摘抄,剪贴,纠错),听写 本,作业本听力:每周三次(玩读报时间),早自习播放课文 录音,noun,名词分类 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。,Countable nouns(可数名词)个体
2、名词和集体名词通常可以用数目来计算,为可数名词(gun/flower)Uncountable nouns(不可数名词)物质名词和抽象名词一般不能用数目来计算,为不可数名词(work/water),名词复数的规则变化,一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s;以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es;以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,把-y改为-i,再加-es,以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加-s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrys monkey-box-holiday-比较:层楼 storey-story-,monkeys,holidays,store
3、ys,stories,boxes,2)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s 如:photo-piano-radio-zoo-b.加es 如:potato-tomato 还有下列名词要加es:negro,hero,volcano c.均可 如:zero-,photos,pianos,radios,zoos,potatoes,tomatoes,zeros/zeroes,3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief-roof-safe-gulf-b.去f,fe 加ves,如:knife-leaf-wolf-wife-life-thief-,beliefs,roofs,safes,g
4、ulfs,knives,leaves,wolves,wives,lives,thieves,1)child-foot-tooth-mouse-man-woman-注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishmantwo.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为;man/woman+名词 变复数时,作定语的man/woman 和中心词都要变成复数。如:man teacher woman doctor,名词复数的不规则变化,children,feet,teeth,mice,men,women,Englishmen,Germans,Me
5、n teachers,Women doctors,2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,means,crossroad,series,species,works 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等名词,
6、表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are brave.,4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physics(物理学)等学科名词,为不可数名词 news 是不可数名词。b.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。c.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。“The Arabian Nights”_a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。,is,5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数
7、目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼,7)数词+名词(+形容词)构成的复合形容词做定语,变复数时中间的名词不能用复数形式而必须用单数形式:she is a five-year-old girl.=she is five years old.a five-pound note a ten-story-high building,1.物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如:a gla
8、ss of water a piece of advice a piece of news a piece of bread a piece of work a bottle of ink a basket of food a pair of glasses a pair of trousers,不可数名词量的表示,2、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,而且意思上也有了变化。eg.beer&a beer work&a work glass&a glass room&a room wood&a wood paper&a paper,双重所有格与of所有格的区别:,He is a friend of your fathers.He is a friend of your father.,
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