1、巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中,动词的用法是重点,也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法,学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词,用法难以掌握,但调整了书上表格中单词的排列顺序,根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆:(一)跟不定时作宾语的动词有:打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假装(pretend)喜欢(wouldlike/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(
2、refuse)好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)不定式宾语要牢记!(二)跟动名词作宾语的动词有:考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise)避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend)面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind)允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(giveup/abandon)推迟(putoff/delay/postp
3、hone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insiston)要想象(imagine/fancy)还有词组feellike和cantstand!瞧!,我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧!(三)在动词remember,try,regret,forget,need/want/require,stop,mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同,巧记一句话(记住努力;后悔忘记;需要停止;很有意义),学习采用对比法:remembertodosomething记着去做某事(现在还没有做)rememberdoingsomething记着曾做过某事(以前做
4、过某事)trytodosomething努力、尽力做某事trydoingsomething试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果)stoptodosomething开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事)stopdoingsomething停止做某事(停止正在做的事)regrettodosomething对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜regretdoingsomething对已经做过的事感到后悔meantodosomething打算,想,意图meandoingsomething意味着want/require/needtobedone某事需要做want/require/needdoing某事需要做(这时
5、动名词和主语之间有动宾关系,如:Theroomneedscleaning/needstobecleaned)canthelptodosth.不能帮助做某事canthelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事(四)请牢记在下列固定句式中,动词用V-ing式:Thereisnopointarguingfurther.再争辩下去没有意义。Itisnogooddoingthat.那样做没有用。Itisnousetellinghisfatheraboutit.告诉他父亲那件事没用。小试牛刀1.Theboydecided_inShanghai,whichmadehisfatheralittlesurprised
6、.A.nottoworkB.tonotworkC.notworkingD.workingnot2.Wouldyoumind_thedoor?Ofcoursenot.A.IopeningB.metoopenC.formetoopenD.myopening3.Asyouknow,here,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting4.She_goingoutforawalk,butIdratherstayathomewatchingTV.A.wantedB.askedC.hopedD.suggested5
7、.Sorry.Wedontallow_here.A.smokingB.havingsmokedC.tosmokeD.tobesmoked6.Inwinter,manyanimalsmanage_withouteatingformanymonths.A.toliveB.tohavelivedC.havinglivedD.living7.Myfatherinsisted_althoughwewereverytired.A.walkhomeB.towalkhomeC.onwalkinghomeD.inwalkinghome8Afterhehadworkedseveralhours,hestopped
8、_acupofcoffeetorefreshhimselfAtodrinkBdrinkingCdrinkDdrank9Althoughswimmingishisfavoritesport,yethedoesntlike_todayAtoswimBswimmingCswimDtohaveswim10Iregret_youthatthesportsmeethasbeenputoffAtellingBtotellCtellDtold11Shedesiresnot_foranhourAdisturbBtobedisturbCtobedisturbedDtohavedisturbed(五)、不定式省略t
9、o的几种情况一、使役动词与to的省略当不定式用于let,make,have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如:Letmehaveanothercupoftea.给我再来一杯茶。Shehadhimdigawaythesnow.她让他把雪挖走。Theymadehimtellthemeverything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如:他被迫一天工作20小时。误:Hewasmadeworktwentyhoursaday.正:Hewasmadetoworktwentyhoursaday.注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用
10、于被动语态。另外注意,force,oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如:Theyforcedhertosignthepaper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。Thelawobligedparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool.法律要求父母送子女上学。二、感觉动词与to的省略当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如:Weallfeltthehouseshake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。Iheardhimgodo
11、wnthestairs.我听见他下楼了。Didyounoticeherleavethehouse?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?Iwatchedhergetintothecar.我看着她上了车。但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为tobe时,则不能省略to。如:Theyallfelttheplantobeunwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:Theywereheardtobreakaglassinthenextdoor.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带to。如:Inoticedhe
12、rtohavecomeearly.我注意到她来得很早。三、介词except/but与to的省略当不定式用作介词except或except的宾语时,该不定式有时带to,有时不带to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带to;其前没有do,不定式通常带to。如:HelikesnothingexcepttowatchTV.除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢。Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。Thereslittlewecandoexceptwait.除了等待我们没有什么办法。Icoulddonothingexceptagree.我
13、除了同意,没有别的办法。四、help与to的省略当动词help后跟一个不定式用作宾语或宾语补足语时,不定式可以不带to,也可以不带to。如:Canyouhelp(to)carrythistableupstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?Ihavelostmywatch.Willyouhelpme(to)lookforit?我把表丢了,你能不能帮我找一下?但是,当help用于被动语态时,其后不定式必须带to。如:Milliewashelpedtoovercomeherfearofflying.米利被帮助克服了她的飞行恐惧。另外,当不定式为否定式时,其中的to通常不宜省略。如:HowcanI
14、helpmychildrennottoworryabouttheirexams?我怎样才能帮助我的孩子们不为他们的考试着急呢?五、固定搭配与to的省略1、Whynot.?=Whydontyou.?习惯上接动词原形,不能接带to不定式或现在分词,主要用于表示同意、赞成、劝诱等,其意为“为什么不呢”。如:Whynotgowithhim?=Whydontyougowithhim?为什么不和他一起去呢?2、hadbetter.,最好做某事,如:Youhadbetterstayhere.你最好呆在这里。3、“wouldrather+动词原形”意为“宁愿做某事”。如:Wedratherstayathome
15、.我们宁愿呆在家里。Iwouldrathernottellhim.我宁愿不告诉他。4、prefer+不定式+ratherthan+动词原形,其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如:Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.我宁愿走着去,而不愿坐公共汽车去。Hepreferstoreadratherthanwatchtelevision.他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。但,prefer+动名词+to+动名词,其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如:Heprefersswimmingtoridingasasport.作为一项运动项目,他更喜欢游泳而不是骑马。注:这类结构的p
16、refer前有时也可用would,should等。如:Wewouldpreferplayingoutdoorstowatchingtelevision.我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。习惯上只接动名词(V+ING)作宾语的动词常用动词有:admit承认、advise建议、allow允许、appreciate感激、avoid避免、consider考虑delay推迟、deny否认、discuss讨论、dislike不喜欢、enjoy喜爱、escape逃脱、excuse原谅、fancy设想、finish完成、forbid禁止、forgive原谅、giveup放弃、imagine想像、keep保持、me
17、ntion提及、mind介意、miss没赶上、pardon原谅、permit允许、practise练习、prevent阻止、prohibit禁止、putoff推迟、report报告、risk冒险、stop停止、suggest建议、understand理解等,这些动词后面常接动名词作宾语。另在一些固定搭配中也常接动名词作宾语。如:1、insistondoing坚持要做某事。如:Heinsistedondoingitbyhimself.他坚持要一个人做。2、havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.相当,意为“在做某事方面有困难、麻烦”。如:Shehasdifficul
18、ty/trouble(in)learningmathswell.她学好数学有困难。3、bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事。如:Theyarebusy(in)doingwiththetrouble.他们正在忙于处理那个问题。【典型用法实例】Iadvisewaitingafewmoredays.我建议再等几天。Theyavoidedmentioningthatname.他们避免提到那个名字。Hedeniedhavingbeenthere.他否认到过那里。Hedislikedbeinglaughedat.他不喜欢别人笑他。Iveenjoyedseeingyouandtalkingabo
19、utoldtimes.我见到你一起谈往事非常高兴。Wedontallow(permit)smokingonthisplane.在这架飞机上我们不允许抽烟。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.我承认窗子是我打破的。Trytoimaginebeingonthemoon.设法想像你是在月球上。HemadeaNewYearsresolutiontogiveupsmoking.他下了新年决心要戒烟。Theyriskedlosingeverything.他们冒失去一切的危险。Hetriedtoescapebeingpunished.他设法逃避惩罚。Youshouldntkeepthinking
20、aboutit.你不应老想着这事。Wouldyoumindgoingwithher?你可否同她一起去?Icantunderstandneglectingchildrenlikethat.对孩子那样毫不经心,我不能理解。Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.我建议以另一种方法做这事。Iputoffwritingfromdaytoday.我日复一日地推迟写它。【几点用法说明】(1)有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语:Therainpreventedhisco
21、ming.下雨使他不能来。Excusemyopeningyourletterbymistake.原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。(2)有的动词(如advise,allow,forbid,permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语:Headvisedbuyingacomputer.他建议买台电脑。Headvisedhertobuyacomputer.他建议她买台电脑。(3)有些动词(如consider,understand,discuss等)虽不接不定式作宾语,却可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语:Haveyouconsideredhowtogetthere?你是否考虑过如何到那儿
22、去?Shedoesntunderstandhowtolookafterhim.她不知道应如何照顾他。Wediscussedwhattodoandwhereweshouldgo.我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。习惯上接不定式作宾语的动词通常只接不定式(而不是动名词)作宾语的动词有:afford负担得起、agree同意、arrange安排、ask要求、care想要、choose决定、decide决定、demand要求、determine决心、expect期待、fail未能、help帮助、hesitate犹豫、hope希望、long渴望、manage设法、offer主动提出、plan计划、prepar
23、e准备、pretend假装、promise答应、refuse拒绝、want想要、wish希望等。如:Icantaffordtobuyacar.我买不起汽车。Sherefusedtohelpme.她不肯帮助我。Heagreedtocomeoverrightaway.他同意马上就来。Hemanagedtoavoidanaccident.他设法避免了一次事故。Theboydecidednottobecomeasailor.那孩子决定将来不当水手。Hechosenottogoabroaduntillater.他决定晚点出国。Hepretendednottoknowthefacts.他佯装不知实情。v+
24、sbtodosth用法通常可带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise建议,allow允许,ask要求、叫,bear忍受,beg请求,cause引起,command命令,encourage鼓励,expect期待,forbid原谅,force强迫,get使,hate讨厌,help帮助,intend打算,invite邀请,leave离开,need需要,oblige逼迫、责成,order命令,permit准许、允许,persuade说服,prefer宁愿,request要求,remind提醒,teach教,tell告诉,trouble麻烦,want想要,warn警告,wish希望、hope希望等:He
25、didntallowthestudentstogothere.他没让学生们去那儿。Heorderedtheworktobestartedatonce.他命令马上开始工作。Heforbademetousehiscar.他不准我用他的小车。Thedoctorwarnedhimnottosmoke.医生告诫他不要抽烟。Myparentsencouragedmetostudyabroad.父母鼓励我出国留学。Itriedtopersuadehimtoleave,buthewouldntlisten.我想劝他离开,可他不听。注意:promisesbtodosth该结构中的不定式的逻辑主语不是其前的宾语s
26、b,而是句子主语,所以严格说来,此句中的不定式不是宾语补足语,如Hepromisedmetogo.的意思是“他答应我他去”,而不是“他答应让我去”。专题练习:1、Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A. findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2、Theoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A. toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked3、Myadvisorencou
27、raged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A. formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake4、_inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited5、Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime_theexam.A. passB.topassC.passedD.Pass
28、ing6、AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek_TV.A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.Watch7、CertainlyIpostedyourletterIremember_it.A.postingB.topostC.tobepostingD.haveposted8、MrSmithdislikes_suchclothesbuthiswifelikes_them.A.towear,towearB.towear,wearingC.wearing,towearD.wearing,wear9
29、.Iregret_whatIsaid.Ishouldnthavesaidit.A.tosayB.sayingC.tobesayingD.said10、Hewasluckyandnarrowlymissed_.A.toinjureB.InjuringC.tobeinjuredD.beinginjured11、Hecantmakehimself_.HisspokenEnglishreallyneeds_.A.understand,improvingB.understood,improvingC.understand,toimproveD.understood,toimprove12、Welooke
30、deverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_.A. tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound13、Pleaseremember_theplantswhileImaway.A. wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwatering14、Imlearning_acake.Canyouexplain_one?A. tomake,tomakeB.howtomake,tomakeC.tolearn,howtomakeD.making,making15、“Wouldyouliketocomeforawalkwithme?”“Idprefer_,thankyou.”A.nottoB.tonotC.notD.cant
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1