初中英语零基础知识点doc.docx

1、初中英语零基础知识点doc零根底英语1道勤文明校园 编写榜首章 词类及根本句型 . 3第二章 名词. 3第三章 一般时态 . 5第四章 代词. 7第五章 数词. 10第六章 常用其它时态 . 14第七章 感叹句 . 16第八章 描述词、副词比较级和榜首流 . 18第九章 冠词. 21第十章 反义疑问句 . 26第十一章 主谓共同 . 29第十二章 介词. 32第十三章 定语从句 . 36第十四章 状语从句 . 392榜首章词类及根本句型一、词类名词：标明人、食物或抽象概念的称号动词：标明动作或状况（及物动词和不及物动词）描述词：润饰名词、代词。 的副词：润饰动词、描述词。 地二、根本句型基本句

2、型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）基本句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词） +宾语基本句型三：主语+系动词+表语基本句型四：主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语根本句型六： There be 句型三、操练判别下列语句归于那种句型1. He made the boy laugh. 8. The report sounds interesting.2. Tom s mother sounded worried. 9. Would you please pass me the dictionary?3. My father often reads newspaper afte

3、r supper. 10. The pain made him cry out.4. We gave them some money. 11. You should study hard.5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 12. Her job is to look after the children in the6. All of us considered him honest. hospital.7. Classes begin at eight every day. 13. They push the door open.第二章 名词

4、一、名词的分类及数（1）名词一般名词可数名词不行数名词3专有名词 表人、当地、组织、事物、组织的专用称号（2）名词变复数的规矩（3）特别的名词变复数奇数 复数 含义 奇数 复数 含义foot feet 脚；英尺 knife knives 刀tooth teeth 牙齿 woman women 妇女child children 孩子 ox oxen 牛basis bases 根底 phenomenon phenomena 现象（4）单复数相同fish chicken fruit deer sheep means( 方式) Swiss(瑞士人 ) Chinese Japanese work（s 工

5、厂）crossroads（十字路口） head（家畜数量 头 ）（5）名词办法上是奇数，含义上是复数cattle 牛（总称）、people 公民、 police 差人、 staff 全体职工（6）学科类名词，办法上是复数，含义上是奇数politics 政治； physics 物理； maths 数学（7）不行数名词常见易错： advice 主张; furniture 家具; equipment 设备； fun 趣味； information 信息； paper 纸；work作业； progress 前进； traffic 交通； housework 家务劳动； wealth 财富。（8）有些名

6、词既可做可数又可做不行数名词 可数 不行数 名词 可数 不行数glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 danger 风险人物 风险room 房间 空间 time 次数倍数 时刻work 工厂工程 作业 life 生命 日子二. 名词一切格（1）有生命的在词尾加 ；s无生命的用 of +名词（2）两层一切格构成a/an/this/that + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 /名词所有格留意:of 前的名词必定要有 a/an/this/that 等限定词of 前的名词不能是专有名词of 后的名词有必要是特定的指认的名词如：these books of my friend sa friend of my f

7、ather sa friend of mine三、操练1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teacher sB. teacher sC . teacher s D. the teachers 42. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the room s windowC. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like?A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D.

8、 pieces of bread4. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers5. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. woman s D. women s6. He is old , but he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of home

9、works7. There re many _ in my brother s album.A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps8. Yesterday I went to the market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats13.Please remember to give the horse some tree _.A leafs B leaves C leaf D leave14.The son asked his mother to buy _ gl

10、asses for him.A a type of B a pile of C a piece of D a pair of15.There is a _ of wood left on the ground.A cup B piece C box D pair16.- What do you think of the _ there? - They are very delicious.A cakes B meat C rice D milk9. Today is September 10th. It s _ Day. Let s go and bur yousromteeacfhloewr

11、se.rs foA Teachers B Teachers C the Teachers D Teacher s10.- Wheres your father? - At _.A Mr Green s B Mr Green C the Mr Green s D Mr Greens11. He found two _ in the room.A photos B heros C tomatos D potatos12.This table is made of _.A many glass B glasses C some glasses D glass第三章 一般时态一、一般现在时5用法：标明

12、常常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状况；客观真理构成：主语 +be 动词（ am、is、are）+表语主语（单三） +动词实义动词（ s/es）时刻状语： often、usually、every（day、week、month）二、一般曩昔时用法：标明曩昔技常常或重复产生的动作或存在的状况构成：主语 +be 动词（ was、were）+表语主语+动词过去式时刻状语： yesterday、at that time、last（week、month、year）三、一般将来时用法：标明行将产生的作业或存在的作业构成：主语 +will/shall （第一人称） +动词原形标明未经事前考虑的意图，标明说话者的观念

13、、片面认识主语+be going to+ 动词原形标明现已决议或组织要做的事，客观痕迹标明必定或或许产生的事，标明自然现象主语+be to+动词原形标明方案中约好的或按责任、责任有必要去做或行将产生的动作主语+ be about to+动词原形（常与 when 连用）标明片面要做的事，常与 when 连用四、时态操练题1.-Nancy is not coming to the party tonight. - But she _ me she d love to.A tells B told C will tell D is going to tell2. If I find his tele

14、phone number ，I _ you.A tell B told C is telling D will tell3.Jim _ to work in his home after he graduated from university.A goes B went C will go D have gone4.Keep practicing and you _ your English.A improve B will improve C improving D improves5.-When _ Jim _ to New York? -YesterdayA does; get B d

15、id; get C will; get D has; got6.Teacher told us the earth _ around the sun.A travelled B travels C will travel D travelling7. -Ann is in hospital. - I _ , I _ her.A didn t know; will see B knows; will see C knows ; sees D didn t know; saw6第四章 代词一、人称代词的用法1.人称代词的人称、数和格。2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。如：I like table te

16、nnis. （作主语） Do you know him? （作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door? - It mse.4.人称代词在 than 之后与其别人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都能够。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am.奇数 复数主格 宾格 主格 宾格榜首人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you youhe him第三人称sheitheritthey them二、物主代词的用法1.标明一切联系的代词叫物主代词。2. 描述词性物主代词的效果相

17、当于描述词，可在句中作定语。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.留意：名词性物主代词的效果相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework.Have you finished yours? （作宾语）数 人称 描述词性 名词性物主代词 物主代词奇数

18、榜首人称 my mine第二人称 your yourshis his第三人称her hersits its7复数 榜首人称 our ours第二人称 your yours第三人称 their theirs操练题：1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. - Is that bike Miss Gao -s-?Yes, it is

19、 _(she) . Beautiful, isn t it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf ? -Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Mary s answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _ (you)? -

20、Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三、反身代词的用法英语中用来标明 自己 ，等含义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，标明动作的承受者便是动作的宣布者，主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。 It doe

21、sn?t matterI ll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，标明亲身或自己。I myself washed the clothes=I washed the clothes myself. （作主语同位语）You should ask the teacher himself （作宾语同位语）I - myself 我自己 you - yourself 你自己he - himself 他自己 she - herself 她自己it - itself 它自己 we - ourselves 咱们自己you -

22、yourselves 你们自己 they - themselves 他们自己常用短语1. by oneself独自的；独自的 2. enjoy oneself 玩的愉快3. help oneself to 自用 4. dress oneself 自己穿衣服5. say to oneself 喃喃自语6. teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学四、指示代词的用法指示代词包含： this，that，these，those。1.this 和 these指在时刻或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和 those则指时刻和空间上较远的事物或人，例:This is a pen

23、 and that is a pencil We are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物，8this 和 these则是指下面行将讲到的事物例:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ;Pronunciation is very important in learning English 3. 有时为了防止重复说到的名词，常可用 that 或 those 替代例:Tele

24、vision sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在电话用语中代表自己， that则代表对方。例:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?五、疑问代词的用法疑问代词有 who，whom，whose，what 和 which 等。疑问代词用于特别疑问句中，一般在句首，并在语句中作为某一语句成分。Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语） What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella i

25、s this? ( 作定语) Whom are you waiting for? ( 作宾语)六、不定代词的用法不是指明替代任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词， 不定代词有： some, any， many, much, each, neither,other, another, all, both, one, none, either 在句中可作主语、 表语、宾语和定语。七、彼此代词的用法标明彼此联系的代词叫做彼此代词。 彼此代词有 each other 和 one another 两种形 式。在今世英语中，each other 和 one another 没有什么差异。彼此代词可在句中作宾语，

26、定语。作定语用时，彼此代词用一切格办法。We should learn from each other / one another. （宾语）Do you often write to each other / one another? （宾语）We often borrow each others / one anothers books. 定语The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）八、操练题1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine2 is she? She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped .A Something, working B So