1、学年中考英语语法备考02 代词2019-2020 学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 代词【分析解读】分析解读代词是中考必考的知识点之一,重点考查人称代词、物主代词和不定代词的用法,而且常设置情景 干扰。考生在备考时要注意总结归纳易混代词的区别,把握代词在特殊语境中的意义和功能,理清思路,明确各替 代词所指代的事物要学会寻找有效的切入点,准确排除错误选项。【知识方法】主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词物主代词名词性物主代词代词的分类反身代词第一人称反身代词第二人称反身代词第三人称反身代词指示代词 (this that these those)普通不定代词不定代词复合不定代词疑问代词(who whom th
2、ose what which)关系代词(who whose whom that which )相互代词(each other one another ) 代词 It 的特殊用法知 识 清 单考点一 人称代词知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!一、代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代 词和相互代词。二、代词的用法1 人称代词:人称代词是指人的代词,有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请 看下表:数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格人 称第一人称第二人称第三人称weyouhemeyouhimweyouthe
3、yusyouthem(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如: She is my English teacher.(2)宾格在句中作宾语。例如:They dont want me to go there alone.Dont worry. I can look after her.(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如:- Whos that?- Its me.注意:人称代词 we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如:You cannot go into the hall with slippers.不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。人称代的主格作表语,一般都在正中的谈话中, 表示强调。例
4、如:It was he who took away the necklace.是他拿走了那条项链。人称代词 she 可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如:The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。It 作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如:It is about 10 kilometers from here.离这儿大约有 10 公里。It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾 语, 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如
5、:It is not easy to learn English well.It is good for you taking a walk after supper.I found it difficult to sleep.英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I 在最前, you 在最后。 例如:You, he and I are all the winners.I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.考点二
6、:物主代词物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。词 义他/她/我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的类 型它们的形容词性物主代词名 词性物主代词mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs(1)形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语, 后面跟名词。例如:To our surprise, he has passed the exam.(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征, 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如:May I use your bike? Mine is
7、at school. (作主语)Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语)My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语)(3)名词性物主代词可以与 of 连用,相当于”of+名词所有格”表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩 例如: A friend of ours are waiting for us.He is a friend of mine考点三:反身代词反身代词:用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示:词我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数复 数my
8、selfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself herselfthemselvesitself(1)反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如:Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语) Youd better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配,例如:teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学enjoy onesel
9、f 过得愉快;玩得高兴help oneself to 随便吃/用come to oneself 苏醒hurt oneself 受伤by oneself 独自考点四 不定代词初中阶段常用的普通不定代词,表格如下:some;anymany;mucheachfew;littleeither;neitherboth;allnone;one;other2.普通不定代词的用法(1)some 与 anysome 和 any 均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;some 一般用于肯定句中,any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应
10、用 some。如: There arent any students in the classroom.Look! Some boys are playing football.-Would you like some coffee?-Yes, please.(2)many 与 muchmany 修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词 so,too,as,how 连用。much 修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程 度的副词 so,too,as,how 连用。如:How many bottles of water do you need?He never eats so much breakfas
11、t.(3)either 与 neithereither 指两个之中的一个,neither 指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定结构 either/neither of+名词(或代词)的复数+谓语动词;当 either.or.和 neither.nor.连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持 一致。如:Neither of the books is good.Neither you nor he is wrong.(4)both 与 allboth 表示“两者都”,常与 and 连用;all 指“三者或三者以上都”,常与 of 连用。如:Both she and I are s
12、tudents.Both plans are good.Jim, Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here.(5)each 与 every(限定词)each 和 every 都表示“每一”。each 强调个体,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;every 强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each 指两个或两个以上的人或事物,而 every 指三个或三个以上的人或事 物。如:There are trees on each side of the road.Every student in Class 5 passed the exam.Eac
13、h of us wears a yellow T-shirt.We each wear a yellow T-shirt.(6) 区别 other;the other;others;the others;another不定代词other意义另外的用法说明只 作 定 语 , 常 与 复 数 名 词 连 用 ; 但 如 果 前 面 有 the,some,any,each,every,no,my,your,his等,则可与单数名词连用the otherothersthe othersanother两 者 中 的 另一个另一些其余的另一个常与 one 连用,构成“one.,the other”;作定语
14、修饰复数名词时,表示“其余的 全部”泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,可以构成 some.others. 特指其余所有的人或物指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作限定词或代词3.复合不定代词(1)初中阶段常用的复合不定代词,列表如下:Somebody(某人)someone(某人)something(某事)anybody(任何人)anyone(任何人)anything(任何事)nobody(没有人) no one(没有人) nothing(没有东西)everybody(每个人)Everyone(每个人)everything(每一件事)如:Do you have anything speci
15、al to tell me today?今天你有什么特别的事告诉我吗?Listen to me , boys and girls . I have something to tell you .同学们,听我说,我有一些事情要告诉你们。(2)当句子陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody, nobody, anyone 等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词 they;当句子陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如every-thing, anything, something, nothing 其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。如:Everybody is here, arent
16、 they?Everything is ready, isnt it?(3)当形容词或 else 修饰复合不定代词 something,everything,everyone 等时,形容词或 else 必须放在这些词的后面。如:Xiaoming, he has something important to tell you.小明,他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。Can you find anyone else?你能再找其他人吗?等时,(3) everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one 既可指人也可指物,还可以和of短语连用。如:Id like everyone t
17、o be happy.我希望人人都幸福。I have kept every one of her letters.我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。考点五 指示代词和 it 的用法指示代词:表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这,这个This那,那个that这些these那些those指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如:Those are my parents. ( 作主语)Throw it like that. (作表语)The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)These pictures are
18、drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意:(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西, 常用 that, those 表示。 例如:Im sorry to that.hear( 2 )下文将要提到的事情, 可用 these, this 表示, 起启下的作用。 例如:Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.(3)this/these近指。如:This is my pen.These are my books.指下文要提到的事。如:
19、Please remember this: No pain, no gain.(2)that/those远指。如:Thats her bike.指前面刚刚提到过的事。如:He was ill . That was why he didnt go to school .3.打电话时用 this 介绍自己,that 询问对方。如:This is Mike speaking.我是迈克。Whos that ?你是谁?4.代词 it(1)指代前面提到过的事物。如:The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jims.(2)代替指示代词 this 或 that。如:Wh
20、ats that?It is a pencil(3)指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如:Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.(4)指代时间或季节。如:Whats the time now?- Its ten oclock .(5)指代天气。如:Whats the weather like today?Its sunny .(6)指代距离。如:How far is it from your school to your home?5.it,one,that 作替代词时的区别(1)it 特指上文提到的同一事物。如:The
21、book is mine. Its very interesting.这本书是我的,它很有趣。(2)one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不物。如: Who has a pen?谁有钢笔?I have one.我有一支。(3)that 常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以重复。如:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。考点六:疑问代词疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有who,: what, which, whose, whom , 在句中常作
22、主 语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语: What make you so happy?作宾语: Who / Whom is your manager talking with?在口语中, 作宾语时 who 和 whom 可以通用,但在介词后面只能用 whom.例如:About whom they are talking just now?作定语: Which subject do you like best?作表语: Whats your mother.考点七:相互代词相互代词:用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有:each other, one another. We should help eac
23、h other.The villagers have looked after one another these year.相互代词后可以加s,表示所有关系。 例如:We put the presents in each othersstocking.相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如:题组训练代词填空1_of us went to see the film because we had money to buy tickets yesterday. 2.Tom and his father are_ at work now.3._if them is right4 He is taller t
24、han_ _5.Some students like pop music while _dont in their school.6.I want some _books besides this dictionary.7._(我们)love our country.8.Who is it?Its_(我).9.This is my dictionary.Where is_(你的)?Its over there , on the bed .10.The little boy is too young to look after_ (他自己).11._(谁)are you talking to?1
25、2._(谁的)book is this?13-Would you_like some apples ?-Yes,please.14.There are too _(很多) mistakes in your exercises.15.Either you or_(我)am going to America.16Is there_ in the cup?杯子里有东西吗?No,there is _(什么都没有)【答案】1.All 2.both 3.Neither 4.any other 5.others 6.other7.We 8.me 9.yours 10 himself 11 Who/Whom 12.Whose13.some 14.many 15.I 16.anything;nothing
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