中考真题英语分项汇编 专题164 阅读理解议论文解析版.docx

1、中考真题英语分项汇编 专题164 阅读理解议论文解析版2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019 重庆市中考A卷】Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Heres something you can do.Be calm(冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry cant solve problems. Neither can

2、 a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved(卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your

3、body and loudly say stop before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesnt stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby._ Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful

4、 to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.1. The underlined word attack in Paragr

5、aph 3 means _ in Chinese.A. 拥抱 B. 攻击 C. 阻止 D. 吸引2. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _?A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight.C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone.3. The passage is written to _.A. help students keep away from fights B. warn students not to fightC. advise students to

6、help each other D. encourage students to work hard4. The passage is written in a/an _ tone(语气).A. sad B. angry C. serious D. crazy【文章大意】本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. 大的声音通常

7、能使攻击者平静下来。attacker是名词攻击者的意思。去掉-er就是动词攻击。句子If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say stop before walking away. 中的attack是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在你离开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说停。因此单词attack，是攻击的意思。故选B。2. C【解析】细节理解题

8、。A. Face bravely. 勇敢地面对。B. Join in a fight. 参加打架。C. Learn to refuse. 学着拒绝。D. Talk to someone. 和某人交谈。根据Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. 你的朋友可能会要求你参加一场打架。你要学会说不。帮助他打架可能对他没有真正的帮助。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。3. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据Fights at sc

9、hool sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Heres something you can do. 学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？这是你能做的。可知，本文主要介绍了如何帮助学生远离打架。故选A。4. C【解析】推理判断题。A. sad悲哀的；B. angry生气的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据Be calm(冷静). 、Shout loudly.和Learn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选C。【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读理解

10、中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构

11、词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第1小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。（二）【2019 浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too.

12、Why?Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. Its the social proof(社会认同感) that works.The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is

13、shown Line 1, and next to it are three lines(A, B, C). A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other man enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as t

14、hey were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects(实验对象).Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep away from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting(打猎) with friends. Su

15、ddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often

16、 makes use of it. So be careful whenever a company says its product is the most popular.5. At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by _.A. telling a story B. giving examplesC. answering questions D. showing a map6. According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows _.A. fo

17、llowing others is always rightB. social proof may change peoples ideasC. its difficult to carry out the experimentD. people can study better if they are alone7. The underlined word It in Paragraph 4 refers to _.A. running with others B. hunting with friendsC. copying others action D. doing something

18、 different8. According to the passage, we can infer(推断) that _.A. its important to run with others anytimeB. products in the advertisement are the bestC. we mustnt copy others action to keep safeD. we need to think twice before following others【文章大意】本文主要通过一些社会现象以及科学家做的实验，告诉大家不要盲目随波逐流。5. B【解析】细节理解题。根

19、据第一段可知，分别讲了在公园和在音乐会上的两种现象别人抬头看天空你也会不自觉地看天空，别人在音乐会上鼓掌，不一会儿整个屋子的人都会跟着鼓掌。通过这两个例子引出本文主题，故答案选B。6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第3段中的信息It shows how social proof can influence us. 它说明了社会认同感是如何影响我们的；故答案选B。7. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others action. 我们是那些复制他人行为的人的后代。结合本句It is so deeply plan

20、ted in our mind它深深的植入了我们的思想中，它指的就是复制其他人的行为这件事；故答案选C。8. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章我们可以推断，在追随其他人之前，我们需要再三考虑. 恰巧这也是整篇文章的主旨，不要盲目随波逐流。故答案选D。（三）【2019 浙江省衢州市】Texting while driving is against the law in 47 states. But what about texting while walking? A 2018 study reported that more than 2, 500 people in the US ended

21、up in hospitals resulting from using a mobile device(设备) while walking.Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street. It is the first state with a law like this. Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a su

22、rvey. Here are some replies they received.Rena Jose, 2, New YorkWhich is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dangerous. For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and anothe

23、r got her leg stuck in a hole, because both had their mind on their phone. We should make texting while crossing the street illegal in more cities.Andy Selvam, 55, California People do many things that cause injury to themselves but are not illegal, such as climbing mountains, driving cars, swimming

24、 and so on. People might get hurt from texting and walking if theyre not paying attention. But I still think they should have a choice.Bob Madigan, 45, OregonAs humans, we can make our own decisions. Im not saying its safe, but we dont need the government to babysit us. If we want to learn to make s

25、mart decisions, the government needs to stop telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country.Andrew Black, 34, AlaskaThis law is a good ideacompare this protection with seat belts. If this law is passed all over US, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please everyone? This

26、would not be for fun. It would be safe and good for all Americans.9. According to the passage, in _, it is against the law if people text while crossing the street.A. Alaska B. California C. Hawaii D. New York10. The LA Times did the survey most probably to _.A. win the hearts of more readersB. enco

27、urage more states to pass the lawC. ask readers if they agree with texting while drivingD. learn about peoples opinions on texting while walking11. In Renas reply, she showed the danger of texting while walking by _.A. using numbers B. giving examplesC. asking questions D. telling stories12. Which o

28、f the following is Andrew Blacks opinion?A. Texting is more important than safety.B. The law would help to keep Americans safe.C. Its easy to please everyone when passing a law.D. Whether to text or not while walking is peoples own choice.【文章大意】本文主要谈论过马路发短信的问题。在美国47个州，开车时发短信是违法的。一项2018年的研究报告称，美国有250

29、0多人因走路使用了手机最终住进了医院。夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。洛杉矶时报就此事做了一项调查。9. C【解析】题意：在_，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。考查细节理解。根据第2段第2句Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street.（夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。）可知在夏威夷，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。故选C。10. D【解析】题意：洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了_。考

30、查细节理解。根据第2段第3和4句Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey.（人们认为更多的地方应该接受这样的法律吗？洛杉矶时报做了一项调查。）可知洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了了解人们对走路时发短信的看法；故选D。11. B【解析】题意：在Rena的回复中，她通过_说明了走路时发短信的危险。考查细节理解。根据表格一第4句For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuc

31、k in a hole可知在Rena的回复中，她通过举例说明了走路时发短信的危险。故选B。12. B【解析】题意：以下哪项是安德鲁布莱克的观点？考查细节理解。根据表格4第5句It would be safe and good for all Americans.（这对所有美国人都是安全和有益的。）可知安德鲁布莱克认为这项法律将有助于保护美国人的安全。故选B。（四）【2019 安徽省中考】 Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new

32、kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times t