牛津上海版中考英语专题复习2名词冠词及阅读A学案.docx

1、牛津上海版中考英语专题复习2名词冠词及阅读A学案 学科教师辅导学案 课程主题： 17-2-名词冠词及阅读A 学习目标1.了解名词的意义和种类：从表意来说，可分为普通名词和专有名词；从数的表达来说，可分为可数名词和不可数名词。2.掌握名词复数的构成形式及其用法：可分为可数名词复数形式构成，可数名词的数量表达；不可数名词的数量表达。3.掌握名词所有格的表达：s，of结构务必掌握；s做了解区别。4.掌握不定冠词a/an和定冠词的基本用法。5.了解在哪些情况下不用冠词。6.教学建议冠词虽少，只有a，an（不定冠词）和the（定冠词）三个，但却是中考常考语言点之一。就考查题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时也

2、在完形填空中出现。冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法及辨析，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。注意总结出26个字母中12个用an的(即a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x); an mp4; 写作阿拉伯数字时an的情况(即an 11-year-old boy)，u在不同单词中的读音；不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题考查的热点。教学内容1.9A知识点复习一.名词【知识梳理】1.专有名词和普通名词（1）专有名词表示特定的或者独无二的人或物，如人名、地名、机构名称等。1）专有名词的首字母要大写,如 China，Africa，Mr. Green。

3、2）一般的人名、地名通常不带定冠词，但河流、海洋、群岛、海峡等名称带定冠词，如：the Pacific Ocean，the English Channel。3）某些由普通名词组成的专有名词也带定冠词，如, the Great Wall , the Childrens Palace, the Peoples Park, the Chinese New Year, the United States of America。4）专有名词一般没有复数形式，但表示姓的专有名词变成复数时，指该姓的一家人，前面必须加定冠词，如：the Greens, the Smiths, the Wangs。（2）普通名

4、词表示一类人、物或事，可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。1)个体名词指人或物的个体，是可数名词。2)集体名词是一群人或物的总称，有些是可数名词，有些是不可数名词。如：可数名词：a classtwo classes a teamtwo teams不可数名词:furniture equipment3)物质名词表示不能分为个体的物质，多数是不可数名词。4)抽象名词表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，多数是不可数名词。如：advice, progress, happiness, information。2.名词的数量表达（1）可数名词的数量表达many，a few，some，a large

5、 number of，hundreds of，a great many等可修饰可数名词，且可数名词与表示计量的名词连用时，两部分都要用复数。如：Many times，a few friends，some computers，three boxes of eggs（2）不可数名词的数量表达much，a little，some，a huge amount of，plenty of，a great deal of等可以修饰不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和冠词a/an或数词连用，表示数量时要与表示计量的名词连用。如：much time，a little food，some good news

6、，three bowls of rice 3.名词的所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种：一种是由名词末尾加s构成；另一种由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。例如：Childrens Palace 少年宫Toms bike 汤姆的自行车the title of the book 书名the legs of the table 桌子的腿名词所有格的构成有以下几种情况：（1）表示生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加 s来表示。如： the boys mother，my mothers father

7、，Marys birthday（2）词尾是s或es的复数名词所有格，只加来表示。如： the teachers office，ten minutes walk（3）词尾没有s的复数名词则加 s来表示所有格。如： Childrens Day，Womens Day，the peoples needs（4）如果一样东西为两人共有，则在后一个词的词尾+s，如果你共有，则在两个名词的后面都+s。如：This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. These are Lucys and Lilys bedrooms.（5）有一些指时间、距离、世界、国家、星球、城镇等无生命的名词，也可以用s

8、表所有格。如：todays newspaper，a miles distance，Shanghais products。（6）如果是复合名词，所有格的词尾要加在后面的名词上。如：This is her son-in-laws photo.It must be somebody elses pen. 注意：A) 名词所有格后面指地点（如表示店铺、人家）的名词常常可以省去。如： at the tailors(shop)，at Mr Greens(home)B) 名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到，往往省略。如： This ball-point pen is not mine. Its my s

9、isters.C) 名词有较长的定语时，不宜用s，要用of短语表示所属关系。如： I know the name of the professor who is standing there.D) 名词前面有冠词、数词、不定代词或者指示代词（a，two，some，any，this，etc.）时，常用短语加名词所有格来表示。【例题精讲】例1.We went to Dr. Browns yesterday. He gave us_.A. some adviceB. advicesC. an adviceD. some advices例2.-Mike, what club do you want t

10、o join?-Well, I want to join the _ club. I like painting.A. artB. musicC. artD. sports例3.-Are you going out with Jade tonight?-Thats my _. Mind your own!A. offerB. businessC. questionD. thing例4.-Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?-Please follow the _ on the cookbook.A. instruc

11、tionB. directionC. introductionD. decision【课堂练习】1.Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _, you must keep moving.A. balanceB. promiseC. positionD. relationship2.-Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.-Yes, its a major way of _ for them.A. suggestionB. vacationC. communicationD.

12、translation3.He has much _ as an engineer, so he can build the bridge successfully.A. balanceB. experienceC. surfaceD. market4.-Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?-Yes. She won the 2019 Nobile Prize in medicine because of her great _.A. surpriseB. achievementC. educationD. intelligence5.Bill

13、will be a/an _ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2019 Olympics.A. guestB. reporterC. touristD. interviewee二.冠词【知识梳理】1.冠词的意义冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有两种：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。a/an是“一个”的意思，a一般读作/，an读作/n，在特别强调或单个朗读时，它们可读作/ei，n/。the在辅音前读，在元音前渎i，在特别强调或单个朗读时，读作6i：，有“那（这）个”的意思。【例题精讲】例1.

14、How long is _quarter of a basketball match in NBA? Its usually twelve minutes long and between _ second and third quarters there is a ten-minute break. A. the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a例2.At primary school,I dreamed of being_astronaut.A. aB. anC. theD. /例3.Jack likes playing_soccer, but he doesnt

15、 like playing_ piano.A. /,/B. the,/C. the,theD. /,the例4.It is _ useful dictionary.A. aB. anC. theD. /例5.What does Michael look like?He has big eyes and _ wide mouth.A. aB. anC. theD. /【课堂练习】1.On July 15, 2019 _ earthquake hit Wenchuan, Sichuan Province.A. anB. aC. /D. the2.“Cindy, do you have_email

16、address？I want to send you some photos.”“Yes, I do.Its .”A. aB. anC. theD. /3.As we know, England is _ European country and Singapore is _ Asian country.A. an; anB. an; aC. a; aD. a; an4.What do you want to be in the future, Nick?I want to be_ pilot.It is _ exciting job.A. a; aB. a; anC. the; anD. a

17、; the5.Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the三.（总）知识梳理【知识梳理】1.阅读理解概述中考阅读理解题主要考查考生对单词、词组、语法、句型、习惯用法的综合运用及其英语思维的能力。要求考生能不借助词典阅读含有3%生词的多种文体的语言材料，阅读速度为每分钟50-70个词。近年中考英语的阅读理解文章基本都是从原版书或杂志上节选，题材丰富，体裁各异，有报道、有故事、有评论、有科普文章、还有旅游广告等。从阅读文章的体例来看一般有说明文和记叙文

18、，对说明文，要抓住文章所提供的信息做出分析、判断或选择，然后做出结论；对于记叙文，应力求弄清文中提及的人或物、时间、地点、事件和原因等要点，总结全文的中心思想。2.常见考查方式3.常见题型及解题方法细节题（又称事实询问题）常见提问方式：以what, who, which, when, where, how或why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节提问。如：There was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekl

19、y pay every Friday evening. .As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in the office every day.( ) How much money was the husband allowed to keep every day? A. Just enough to buy chocolates. B.

20、 Just enough to buy a sandwich. C. Just enough to buy hi.s lunch in a restaurant. D. Just enough to buy his lunch in the office.筒析：这是一道典型的细节题，因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到。根据这段最后一句话，可以得知D为正确答案。细节题解题方法：1）明确题意，找出题目中与细节有关的一个或者多个关键词（主要是一些实词），比如，本题中的关键词可以定位为money，husband，keep。2）带着关键词，回到文中进行定位。由关键词money，可将答案定位在文段的最后一句

21、。3）阅读该句，查找答案。如果没有找到答案，在上一句或者下一句中寻找，一般就能找到答案。4.常见题型及解题方法推断题常见提问方式：What can you conclude（下结论）from this passage?Whats the authors attitude（态度）towards?Which statement is (not) true?做这类题要求考生在阅读的同时抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步加强理解

22、，抓住实质性的东西。如：A man, dressed as a countryman. was walking along the street of a large city. He was carrying a small parcel. It was wrapped up carefully. It had a name and an address on it. There was also some writing which said it had l,000- dollars inside. The countryman was looking this way and that

23、. He was certainly looking for the house where he had to put the parcelA stranger, passing by, asked him what he was looking for. The countryman showed his parcel. He asked him to read the address on it.“I have forgotten it,”he said.“And I dont know how to read.”“Why!”said the stranger, “Thats my na

24、me and address. Its my parcel. Its from my old friend, Bob. He promised to send it to me a week ago.”The countryman looked pleased to hear this. “Take it if its yours,”he said. “But you must give me sixty dollars for my trouble.”The stranger did so. The countryman then got on a passing bus. The stra

25、nger went to a quiet corner to look at the parcel. Inside it, there was nothing but some pieces of torn cloth.( ) Whats the feeling of the stranger? A, Angry. B Regretful. e Bad. n Surprised.简析：这是一个推理判断题，它要求学生对文章进行仔细分析，才能做出合理判断。看完文章后知道文中的stranger拿了60美元换回了一个装满破布的包裹。当他看到这些破布时，他马上意识到他没有骗到“乡下人”的钱，反而被“乡下

26、人”骗了，他那时一定非常生气，对自己的行为感到后悔，如选B，那么没有理解文章的意思。如选C或D,虽然也略微表达了一点stranger的心理状态，但毕竟没有A那么贴切。【例题精讲】例1. Astronauts have already visited the moon and lived on space stations. Theyve never been to another planet so far, but by the year 2100, they might live on the planetMars. The astronauts will spend about six

27、months traveling to the planet, then about two years on the planet and about six months traveling back to the earth. Theyll be away from the earth for about three years, so theyll need a lot of food! Its very expensive to take food into space. It costs about 120,000 dollars to carry something that w

28、eighs one kilogram. So an apple on Mars could cost 20, 000 dollars! Of course, they will need to take quite a lot of food with them to feed the astronauts for three years. This amount of fresh food can not stay fresh, and is very expensive to take, so they need to find food that is not very heavy. A

29、t the moment, astronauts on space stations eat dried food. Its very light, so it doesn t cost a lot of money to carry it into space. But astronauts stay healthier and happier if they eat fresh food. In the future, astronauts on Mars may grow vegetables like lettuce, spinach and carrots. Astronauts o

30、n Mars will probably have special machines. They Ml use these machines to change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese because it won t be possible to keep animals in space. Life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways. People will have more space. Living in a large building

31、 with only 10 bedrooms is highly possible. Many people believe that robot will do most of our work, so we have more time for our hobbies.(1)According to the text, by the year 2100, some of us will possibly live _ .A. on the moon B. on MarsC. in the sun D. under the sea(2)Why do the astronauts have to eat dried food_