unit1《friends》知识讲解牛津英语初二上.docx

1、unit1friends知识讲解牛津英语初二上unit1friends知识讲解（牛津英语初二上）牛津英语8AUnit 1 知识讲解2重点讲解His legs are very long and they do not fit under the school desks. 他的双腿专门长，放在桌子底下不舒服. fit动词，过去式和过去分词要双写t加ed，现在分词也要双写t加ing. a作不及物动词，意为合适合身。如： Your clothes 6t well你的衣服专门合身。 The door fits badly那个门装得不合适。 They dont 6t together它们配不起来。 b

2、作及物动词，意为适合装上。如： The coat doesnt fit me这件大衣我穿不合身。 The suit fitted her nicely.这身衣服往常专门合她的身。 The key doesnt fit the lock这钥匙不配这把锁。 They fitted the doors with a lock他们在门上装上了锁。2. he often knocks over our books and pens.常常把我们的书和钢笔撞落下去knock over意为撞翻碰翻，over用作副词。如： Who knocked that bottle over? 谁把瓶子撞翻了? He kn

3、ocked over a cup of tea他碰翻一杯茶. Who knocked it over? 谁把它撞倒了? 注knock over常指使往前倒或绊倒之意。Knock down可指打倒撞倒击落拆除等。如： I almost knocked him down 我差一点把他撞倒。 They knocked down an enemy plane 他们击落一架敌机。 These old buildings will sooner u later be knocked down 这些旧房子迟早得拆掉。Knock (up) against 碰撞 同冲突3. I thought of my gr

4、eat friend May when I read your advertisement. 读了你们的广告后我想到了我的好朋友梅。 think of athink of意为想到。如： We often think of you我们常常想到你。 This made us think of our days at school这使我们想起求学的生活o He thinks of others more than himself他想到不人多于自己。 We have to think of away to help him 我们得想个方法关心他。 b与what连用，意为对的看法如何。如： What d

5、o you think of the film? 你觉得这电影如何样? What did you think of his talk yesterday? 你觉得他昨天的报告如何样? 4. When something worries me, I can always go to her.当有什么事令我担忧时，我总是能向她求助。go to her 向她求助5. say a bad word about sb意为讲某人的坏话=speak ill of sb如： He is an man who never says a bad word about anyone 他是一个从不讲任何人坏话的人。

6、It is impolite to say a bad word about someone behind him 在不人背后讲不人的坏话是不礼貌的。 注say a good word about sb意为讲某人的好话；=speak well of sb 如： He often says a good word about you before me 他经常在我面前讲你的好话。 注 此短语中word一样不用复数。6. Help him fill in the blanks此句中的fill in意为填写填上。如： Fill in your name, please请填上你的名字。 Please

7、fill in this form请你把这份表填一下。 Letfill in the hole in the wall咱们把墙上那个洞堵上。注fill inwith用填。如： Fill in the blanks with suitable words用适当的词填空。7. Mr Zhou dropped got mixed up此句中的get mixed叩属系动词加表语结构。其中get可换be或become，意为弄糊涂了搞乱卷入 和搅在一起。如： Im a11 mixed up我完全给弄糊涂了。 His ideas are all mixed up你的方法全乱了。 Im getting mix

8、ed up in my old age我有点儿老糊涂了。 How did you become mixed up in such affairs 你如何会卷入，这种情况中去的呢? They advised me not to get mixed up with such people 他们建议我不要和这种人搞在一起。8. What are they saying ? say作及物动词。试比较：say，tell，talk，speak。 atell及物动词，通常用tell sbsth(双宾语)，除开一些名词(a lie，story，the truth)之外. He told me the good

9、 news他告诉我那个好消息。 They told us useful information他们告诉我们有用的信息。 bsay作及物动词。通常接一个宾语。 Please say it in English请用英语讲。 He didnt say who told it to him 他没讲谁告诉他此事的。 ctalk不及物动词，后接about，意为谈论有关。towith sb意为与某人交谈。如： He talked with me about his studies 他和我谈了他的学习情形。 What are you talking about? 你们在谈什么? dspeak通常作不可数名词(

10、当表示讲语言时可作及物动词，后接语言作speak的宾语。) He was too excited to speak.他兴奋得讲不出话来。 Whom are you speaking to? 你在和谁讲话? Can you speak English7你会讲英语鸭?(及物动词) 注speak to sb=talk to sb , speak about=talk about。9. Vote for the best friend其中vote for意为投票投票赞成。反义词为vote against。如： I1l vote foragainst you我投票选你不选你。We vote for /a

11、gainst your plan .我们投票赞成/反对你的打算。I have reached the age to vote .我已到了法定选举年龄。10. Can l have something to drink ? something，anything，nothing，everything是不定代词 a作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： Something has gone wrong with my watch 我的表坏了。 Nothing was left after the fire 火灾之后什么也没留下。 Everything is ready 一切预备就绪。 bsomething

12、用于确信句，用于表示要求邀请或建议的咨询句。 如： He has something to tell you 他有事想告诉你。 Can you give me something to eat9 给点东西我吃，好吗? Why not have something to drink? 什么缘故不喝点什么? canything用于否定勺或咨询句或whether，if引导的从句中。如： I didnt have anything to eat yesterday 昨天我没吃任何东西。 Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗? We cant do anyt

13、hing about让对此事我们无能为力。 He asked if there was anything wrong with the radio他咨询收音机有没有出毛病。 注 notanything：nothing almost nothing：hardly anything We didnt have anything to eat=We had nothing to eat我们没有吃的东西了。 He ate almost nothing. =He hardly ate anything. 他几乎什么也没吃。 danything作主语时谓语一样用确信式。如： I am very hungr

14、yAnything will do 我专门饿，任何充饥都能够。 everything与否定词连用时，意为并非一切都，表示部分否定。如： Everything that glitters is not gold发光的并非差不多上金子。11.What about some milk?(=Would you like some milk?)表示邀请、建议或询咨询对方的意见。其中What可用How代替。如： What about something to drink? 喝点东西如何样? What about going shopping? 去购物如何样? What about the pizza in

15、 your bowl ? Maybe we can share讧 你碗里的比萨饼如何样?也许我们能够分享。 How about a party for your birthday? 给你的生日办个宴会如何样? 注about是介词后接名词、代词的宾格，动词的ing形式或代词的宾格加ing形式。如： What about us going to see a film? 我们去看电影好吗?12.Can l have some more food，too ?此句中的some more food意为再来一些食物，其中some作副词，修饰more表示数量或程度，在比较级前面可加一些数量词来表示超过或少于的

16、数量或程度。如：a little more a few moresome more some moremuch more +不可数名词 many more any more否定句/咨询句 any more 否定句/咨询句 +可数名词复数no more no more 基数词+moreI have much more milk than he. 我的牛奶比他的牛奶多得多。He has many more friends than I 他的朋友比我的朋友多得多。She has no more money than you 她和你一样没钞票。 My brother has two more book

17、s than I 我哥哥比我多两本书。There is nothing else in the fridge.此句中的else可用在不定代词后疑咨询句后面，意为不的其它的。如：Does anyone else want to SO there? 还有不的人想去那儿吗?I have nothing else to do now现在我没不的事要做。What else do you want? 你还要些什么?Is there anything else I Can do for you? 还有不的事我能够为你效劳的吗?13. Qualities of a good friend其中quality可作

18、不可数名词和可数名词，意为品质或质量。指人的品质时是可数名词，通常用复数；指物的质量时，通常作不可数名词。如： He is a man with many good qualities 他是一个有许多美德的人。 These goods are of high quality. 这些物资质量专门高。 One of his good qualities is working hard 他的一个好品质是勤劳。 We should keep the fine qualities Of the working people 我们应该保持劳动人民的优良品质。 注 作定语时不用复数。如： Poor qual

19、ity goods wont sell easily 劣质品不易销售。14.friendly是由名词friend加后缀-ly构成的形容词，又如lovely可爱的， brotherly兄弟般的，motherly母亲般的。形容词作定语、表语。如： He gave me a friendly smile 他给了我一个友好的微笑。 She is friendly to others 她对人专门友好。 What a lovely day it is today! 今天天气真好! politely是形容词polite加1y构成副词。如clearly清晰地，secretly隐秘地，honestly诚实地。副

20、词作状语，修饰谓语动词。如： We should speak politely to old people对长者我们讲话要礼貌。 He came into the room secretly 他悄悄地进入房间。 Could you explain it clearly ? 你能把它讲明清晰吗?15.good-looking属复合形容词，由形容词加现在分词构成。类似的还有 nice-looking好看的，bad-looking难看的，strange-looking模样惊奇的，ordinary-looking相貌平常的。 She is a good-looking 8id=She is a gir

21、l who looks good 她是一个好看的女孩。 Our English teacher is an ordinary-looking man =Our English teacher is a man who looks ordinary. 我们的英语老师是一个相貌一样的人。 He lives in a strange-looking house =He lives in a house which looks strange 他住在一所模样惊奇的房子里。 注 复合形容词一样放在名词前作定语。15. 形容词一样由名词加一些后缀构成。后缀有： 加y windy刮风的，cloudy多云的，

22、snowy下雪的， rainy多雨的，hilly多小山的，sunny阳光辉煌的 加ful hopeful有期望的，harmful有害的，helpful有关心的， careful小心的 加less homeless无家可归的，hopeless无期望的， helpless无依无靠的，careless粗心的 加al musical音乐的，physical物理的 加ous famous有名的，poisonous有毒的 加ableible comfortable舒服的，unforgettable难忘的， terrible可怕的 加ly lovely可爱的，friendly友好的，orderly有秩序的

23、加some troublesome厌恶的，tiresome令人厌倦的 注 动词后+ ive或ative构成形容词 talkative健谈的 protective爱护的 attentive认确实 active活跃的16. Daniel wants to describeClub其中的describe sthto sb意为向某人描述某物，describeas意为把讲成。如： I cant describe my joy to you with words 我无法用言语向你描述我的欢乐。 Can you describe it to me? 你能把它描述给我听吗? He describes hims

24、elf as 9 doctor 他自称是大夫。 People describe him as really clever 人们讲他是真正的聪慧。17.在英语中有些描述性形容词。如： abeautiful，pretty通常只用于修饰女性，也可修饰物。beautiful意为漂亮的美观的强调天生的美。自然的美。如： a beautiful faceflowervoice漂亮的面孔花朵嗓音 beautiful weathermusic悦人的天气音乐 bpretty意为可爱的精巧的漂亮的吸引人的(并非华丽)，侧重通过人的加工而吸引人的精巧或漂亮。如： a pretty girlgardenpicture

25、漂亮的女郎花园图画 chandsome用于修饰男性，意为英俊的，用于修饰女性时意为俊秀的，侧重指女性的体态。也可用于修饰物。如： He is S handsome fellow他是一个英俊的男子。 Would you describe that woman as handsome Or beautiful? 你觉得那女子是体态俊秀依旧漂亮? What a handsome old building it is! 多么美观的一座古老的建筑啊! d1ovely意为可爱的动人的漂亮的(：beautifulpretty)令人欢乐的。如： a lovely(=beautiful)view可爱的景色 a

26、lovely(=pretty)woman漂亮的女的 a lovely(=pleasant)holiday欢乐的假期 esmart 意为漂亮时髦的聪敏的(=bright，well-dressed，fashionable，quick-minded) a smart(=pretty)hat漂亮的帽子 a smart(=fashionable)dress 时尚的衣服 a smart(=clever)student有头脑的学生 fgood-looking意为好看的，通常只指人，不指物，程度上不如beautiful和pretty那么强。如： Who is that good-looking boy? 那个

27、好看的男孩是谁? Do you know that good-looking girl? 你认识那个长得好看的女孩吗?18.outdoor 户外的 反意词为indoors在户内。如：outdoor sports户外运动 an outdoor theatre露天剧场an outdoor life野外生活 go outdoors for training到野外进行训练indoor gyms室内体操 indoor exercise户内锤炼keep indoors呆在家里 go indoors进屋stay outdoors on summer evenings夏日晚上呆在户外19. I try my

28、best to help themtry ones best后接to do sth，意为尽力做某事(但不一定成功)，与do ones best to do和try to do同义。best作宾语看作不可数名词，不能加s如： I tried to pass the exam but failed 我尽力想通过考试但却失败了。 He will try his best to catch up with his classmates 他将尽力赶上同班同学。 We1l do our best to complete the work in time 我们将尽最大努力按时完成工作。 They tried

29、 their best to make their mother happy. 他们尽量使他们的母亲快乐。 注 在那个短语中best不能加s，后接to do不接doing。例如表示我们的队员尽力想在竞赛中打败他们。20. I hope toin the future句中in the future意为在以后，in the past 意为在过去，at present意为在现在，它们表示不同的时刻故与不同的时态连用。如： He says he will be a doctor in the future 他讲他今后要当大夫。 He will join the army in the future 他

30、长大后，将入伍。 My parents lived a hard life in the past 我父母过去过着一个困难的生活。21. What is he like?此句型用来咨询一个人的外表(appearance)或品质(character)。如： What is sb like?He is tall and thin 他长得如何样?又高又瘦。 What it your sister like?She is beautiful and polite 你姐姐是如何样的一个人?她漂亮而有礼貌。 What is your English teacher like?He is strict with us but helpful tO us 你们的英语老师如何样?他对我们要求严格然而对我们专门有关心。 注 What is sb?意为某人干什么工作的?用来咨询职业。How is sb?意为某人躯体如何样?，用来咨询躯体情形。如： What is your father ?He is a driver 你父亲是干