参考新课标高考英语语法专题复习.docx

1、参考新课标高考英语语法专题复习参考-新课标高考英语语法专题复习专题一 冠词I、重点难点解析 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义 历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，1. 冠词的位置 考点 示例1suchwhatmanyratherquite + a (n)+形容词+单数可数名词quite a small house2howhoweversotooasthatthis十形容词+a(u)+单数可数名词so nice a girl3 bothallhalftwicedouble +

2、the +名词twice the size of the room4 half a (n）或a half + 单数可数名词Half an houra half hour2.不定冠词 考点 示例 1 表示泛指，与any同义 A square has four sides 2 表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概念不如one强烈 He will be back in a week 3 表示“相同的”，与the same同义 Birds of a feather flock together 4 表示“每一个”，与every，each，per同义 I visit my father once a

3、 month 5 表示“某一”，与a certain同义 A Mr Smith is waiting to see you 6 表示“像似的”，与one like同义 He is a Lei Feng in our class 7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、 一份、一场”等 We had a heavy rain last night8 用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化 You are a great help to your mother3. 定冠词考点示例 1特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物 There l met a foreigner and the fo

4、reigner helped me a lot. / Do you know the man standing by the window?2用于单数名词前，指一类事物The lion is a wild animal.3用于乐器名称前the violin / the piano 4用于世界上独一无二的事物前the sun/the earth/the world 5与某些形容词连用表示一类人the rich / the young / the aged 6在字数词和最高级前lthe best student in our class7在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中The Changji

5、ang River / the West Lake / the English Channel8在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前play (the) pianothe Brownsin the 1920s/9在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民.the Chinese / the English 10用在一些习惯用语中in the morning / the day after tomorrow / the day before yesterday / the next year 4. 零冠词 考点 示例1专用名词和不可数名词前China, America, Grade One, C

6、lass Two2名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等Go down this street.3当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时We are students./ I like reading stories.4成对名词连用时 day after dayface to face5在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前play basketballplay chesslike physics. speak Englishat lunch6在季节、月份、某些含Day的节假日、星期等名词前Autumn is the best season in Beijing.

7、in MayNew Years DayOn Sunday7在某些习惯用语中的名词前At noonby busby telephone/ in bed, in time / go to bed / go to college5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。1. in front of 在（外）的前面 ; in the front of 在（内）的前面 Theres a garden in front of the classroom. Theres a blackboard in the front of the cla

8、ssroom. 2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 4. by day 白天；日间 ; by the day 按日

9、计 He works in an office by day. Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 5. take place 发生；举行 ; take the place 代替；接替 When did this conversation take place? Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England. 6. in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之 Please express your thought in words.

10、In a word, I dont trust you. 7. at times 有时；不时 ; at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times. Pass me the bricks two at a time. 8. little 少；不多的 ; a little 一些；一点点 Hurry up, theres little time left. Dont hurry, you still have a little time. 9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个 He is a man of few words. O

11、nly a few of the children can read. 10.a most interesting 非常有趣的 ; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级） This is a most interesting story. This is the most interesting story of the three. 11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there. A doctor and a

12、nurse are standing there. 12.A number of 许多；好些 ; the number of （的）数目 A number of students are in the classroom. The number of students in the classroom is forty. II、实战演练（一）用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“”.1.-Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? -Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.2. I know you dont like

13、_ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday?3. - I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. _ most important one.5. According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _ spread of AIDS. 6. For him _

14、 stage is just _ means of making a living. 7. I think it really _ honor for me to speak here. 8. This lab used to be in _ charge of Mr. Wang.9 I know there is _ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on _ business.10 He devotes most of his time to _ football. And I am sure he promises _ excellent footbal

15、ler. 11 Dont lose heart. Please have _ second try.12 Those who are rich should help _ poor.13 When stealing the thief was caught by _ arm by a policeman.14 In some factories workers get paid by _ piece.15 It is a bad habit to go to work without _ breakfast.16 John is _ university student from _ Euro

16、pean country.17 Teachers play _ active and important part in building up students character.18 _ Zhangs live on the second floor.19 Cotton is grown in _ north of China.20 It is known to us all that _ light travels faster than _ sound.21 A tower is seen in _ distance.22In case of fire please press _

17、red button.23 Shenzhen has _ population of more than 10 million.24_ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in _ leg.26He loved writing and his first novel was _ great success when it came out.27 My brother was born in _ spring of 1990.2

18、8 Mr. Smith is _ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _ better voice.30 Beijing is _ second largest city in China.31 My trip to Tibet was really _ unforgettable experience.32 This watch is _ 18th century watch, which has been passed down

19、from my great grandpa.（二） 语法填空在括号中填入适当的冠词There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The

20、 lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell

21、 and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst

22、 of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.The king chose 10 second picture. 答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; / 10 /; an 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; / 21 the 22the 23 a 24 The 25 the 2

23、6a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 anII 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9 a 10. the专题二 名词I、重点难点解析名词的高考命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。一 名词的分类及常见用法可数名词个体名词teacher, student,

24、piano功能集体名词名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语或状语不可数名词物质名词wood, water, steel抽象名词friendship, progress专有名词John, Smith, Beijing名词所有格一般由名词右上方+s；以s结尾的名词单复数只加“”表有生命的东西或时间,空间,距离,价格,重量等名词的所有格如：Womens Day, an hours walk,students reading-room, todays paper 介词of名词无生命的东西的名词所有格如：a map of China, the top of the mountain可

25、数名词的复数规则变化1.一般词后+sdays, boys, Americans2.s, x, sh, ch结尾+esbuses,dishes;(stomachs除外)3.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+esbabies, factories4.以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v+esleaves,wives;(roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs,safes除外)5.以o结尾，有生命+es，无生命+sheroes,potatoes;pianos,radios(hippos, bamboos)除外6.数字的复数+s或 “s”in the 1930s/1930s

26、不规则变化1改变词中元音字母woman-women, goose-geeseman-men,foot-feet,tooth-teeth2形式复数，意义单数news,maths,politics, economics等3单复同形means,deer,sheep,fish,works(工厂),species, Chinese等4其它child-children, bacterium-bacteria,crisis-crises,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena等二 名词其他需要注意的几点：1 名词的数1） 复合名词变为复数的规则 有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，

27、passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens等）。2） 集体名词的数 有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。 注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。 有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。 有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：classfamily，couple，audience，government，public等。 The whole family are watching TV now全家

28、人现在都在看电视。 His family is a big one他家是个大家族。3） 只能用复数形式的名词4） the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs5） 具有双重特性的名词 (1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词 a room房间一room空间 a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉 an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意 (2)单、复数意思不同的名词 arm手臂一arms武器 brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关 force力量一forces军队 rega

29、rd注意,关心一regards问候 time时间一times时代 work工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪 content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件 expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林2 名词的所有格1） 表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加s；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要+s”。如Li and Mas room李和马共有的房间; Lis and

30、 Mas rooms李和马各自的房间2） 表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Lis李家，the doctors诊所；the barbers理发店3） 所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：Chinas prosperity的繁荣 the countrys plan国家计划4） of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。如：a story of a famous doctor一个名医的故事the son of the man you iust talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子5） 双重所有格 “of +名词的s所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾语必须是人，而且是特指。如： an old friend