新剑桥商务英语高级习题答案.docx

1、新剑桥商务英语高级习题答案English for Business Studies Key to Unit 01: The three sectors of the economyThis unit covers a lot of basic vocabulary concerning developed economies much of it in an extract from a well-known British novel. It also discusses the evolution of the economy of most of the older industrial

2、ized countries, with the decline of manufacturing industry and its replacement by services. There is an extract from a magazine interview with an economist and an interview with a British Member of Parliament on this issue. 1a Vocabulary p09Identify the most prominent features in this photograph, wh

3、ich illustrates various important elements of the infrastructure of a modern industrialized country.The photo clearly shows a large factory (the Unilever factory in Warrington, England) in the center, with more factories, industrial units, or warehouses in the top right-hand corner. The large factor

4、y seems to include some office buildings. Also visible are agricultural land (in the background; the land in the foreground doesnt appear to be cultivated), a river, a railway and several roads, and housing, perhaps with a school in the center of the housing estate top left.1b Reading p10What is the

5、 key point that this extract is making about economies?The text suggests that most people take for granted the amazing complexity of the economic infrastructure.1c Comprehension p111.In lines 4-7, Robyn sees examples of all three. What are they?Tiny fields (the primary sector), factories (the second

6、ary sector), and railways, motorways, shops, offices, and schools (the tertiary sector).2.The long sentence from lines 12-28 lists a large number of operations belonging to the different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passagePrimary sector: digging iron ore, mining coal.

7、Secondary sector: assembling, building, cutting metal, laying cables, milling metal, smelting iron, welding metal.Tertiary sector: advertising products, calculating prices, distributing added value, maintenance, marketing products, packaging products, pumping oil, transportation.3.Can you think of t

8、hree important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation to the kettle)?Primary sector: farming (agriculture), fishing and forestrySecondary sector: manufacturing, transforming and processingTertiary sector: financing, designing, retailing2a Reading p121.Why do people worry about t

9、he decline of manufacturing?Because they think it will lead to unemployment.2.Which activities are as important as the production of goods?Designing goods, persuading people to buy them; arts and entertainment.3.Should people worry about this state of affairs?No, because it is a natural, progressive

10、 and inevitable development.2b Listening p13Listen to a short interview with Denis MacShane, a British Member of Parliament for the Labor Party. Does he hold the same view as J. K. Galbraith?Denis MacShane quite clearly disagrees with Galbraith.1.Why does MacShane think that manufacturing has a futu

11、re?Because there are many new products that have to be invented to serve new needs.2.Why does MacShane think that manufacturing has a future in the advanced countries?Because these countries have production technology that requires very little labor input.3.Why, however, is this manufacturing unlike

12、ly to solve the problem of unemployment?Precisely because it requires very little labor input.4.What does MacShane mean by in theory there should be no more manufacturing in Switzerland? (It is this theory that makes many people argue that manufacturing must move to less-developed countries.)The con

13、ventional theory is that the most important cost in manufacturing is labor, and wages and salaries in Switzerland are the highest in the world. (As is the cost of living!)5.Why does he say it is surprising for a British company to be buying Swiss goods?Because the pound sterling has, over the years,

14、 lost a great deal of value against foreign currencies, especially the Swiss franc.6.What is the reason he gives for the United States still being the richest nation in the world?It has a successful manufacturing economy, including its computer and car (automobile) industries.7.Match up the followin

15、g expressions and definitions:1.to convert itself. B/ to change from one thing to another2.to serve needs D/ to satisfy peoples desires or requirements3.Labor input A/ manual work4.to stumble on E/ to discover something by accident5.to be dubious C/ to be uncertain, disbelieving2c Writing p13Summari

16、ze both Gallbraiths and MacShanes arguments in a short paragraph of fewer then 50 words.A POSSIBLE SUMMARY Galbraith says that manufacturing industry will inevitably decline in the advanced industrial countries, and be replaced by design, advertising, entertainment, and so on. MaShane says that manu

17、facturing will change, and make new products with new technology.New words in this unit 01agriculture, business, company, consumer, economic, economy, employment, goods, industry, infrastructure, labour, manufacturing, primary sector, product, raw materials, secondary sector, tertiary sector, unempl

18、oymentUnit 2 ManagementManagement is important. The success or failure of business organizations, government institutions and public sector services, voluntary and non-profit organizations, sports teams, and so on, often depends on the quality of their management. This unit includes a discussion of

19、the qualities required by managers, a definition of management, consideration of the role of the meetings in management, a critical view of the management of one large American multinational company, and an interview with the manager of a British department store, who discusses his job.Before the di

20、scussion on the qualities required by managers and the definition of management, maybe we can discuss the cartoon. Whats the joke? We can assume that Mr. Farvis runs this company (his name is on the door). What can we say about his managerial skills, or his apparent lack of them? Discuss in pairs fo

21、r two minutes what exactly managers do, concerning organizing, setting objectives, allocating tasks and resources, communicating, motivating, and so on.1a DiscussionWhat is management? Is it an art or a science? An instinct or a set of skills and techniques that can be taught?Management is a mixture

22、 of innate qualities and learnable skills and techniques.What do you think makes a good manager? Which four of the following qualities do you think are the most important?Being decisive: able to make quick decisionsBeing efficient: doing things quickly, not leaving tasks unfinished, having a tidy de

23、sk, and so onBeing friendly and sociableBeing able to communicate with people -Being logical, rational and analyticalBeing able to motivate and inspire and lead people -Being authoritative: able to give ordersBeing competent: knowing ones job perfectly, as well as the work of ones subordinates -Bein

24、g persuasive: able to convince people to do thingsHaving good ideas -Are there any qualities that you think should be added to this list?Which of these qualities can be acquired? Which must you be born with?There are clearly no definitive answers as to which of these skills can be acquired.1b Readin

25、gPeter Drucker, the (Austrian-born) American management professor and consultant, is the author of many books about business. This text summarizes some of Peter Druckers views on management. It paraphrases the extended definition of management he gives in one of his management textbooks. As you read

26、 about his description of the work of a manager, decide whether the five different functions he mentions require the four qualities you selected in your discussion, or others you did not choose. What is management?Druckers first point (setting objectives and developing strategies) presumably require

27、s qualities J, H, E and A (not necessarily in that order). The second point (organizing) presumably also requires H, E and J. The third point (motivation and communication) embraces F, D, I and probably C. The fourth point (measuring performance) probably requires H and E. The fifth point (developin

28、g people) might require H, F, D and J. But all this is clearly open to discussion.1c VocabularyComplete the following sentences with these words.Achieved; board of directors; communicate; innovations; manageable; performance; resources; setting; supervise1. managers have to decide how best to alloca

29、te the human, physical and capital resources available to them.2. Managers - logically have to make sure that the jobs and tasks given to their subordinates are manageable.3. There is no point in setting objectives if you dont communicate them to your staff.4. Managers have to supervise their subord

30、inates, and to measure, and try to improve, their performance.5. Managers have to check whether objectives and targets are being achieved.6. A top manager whose performance is unsatisfactory can be dismissed by the companys board of directors.7. Top managers are responsible for the innovations that

31、will allow a company to adapt to a changing world.1d VocabularyThe text contains a number of common verb-noun partnerships (e.g. achieve objectives, deal with crises, and so on). Match up these verbs and nouns to make common collocations.Allocate resources (or people)Communicate information (or deci

32、sions)Develop strategies (or people or subordinates)Make decisions Measure performanceMotivate peoplePerform jobsSet objectives Supervise subordinates2 MeetingsOne can either work or meet. One cannot do both at the same time. (Peter Drucker: An Introductory View of Management)What do you think Peter Drucker means by this comment?Drucker obviously believes that work is largely something that is done individually, and that meetings are not work, bu