考研英语7选5题型怎么做.docx

1、考研英语7选5题型怎么做7选5题型之所以难，主要有几个原因：第一，该题型主要考查考生的逻辑能力，包括对全文的语言逻辑和句与句之间上下文逻辑关系的判断。而这恰恰是熟悉了中文行文逻辑的中国考生所缺少的能力。第二，备选答案中含有两个干扰选项，这两个干扰选项在表面上看往往与正确答案有一定的相关性，这给考生解题带来很大的困难。第三，文章篇幅较长，解题时间有限（建议在25分钟之内解题），选错一题甚至可以造成两题出错。由于该题型在考研英语中出现不久，考生很难找到高质量的模拟题来训练，也很难从有限的真题中总结解题技巧和出题规律。幸运的是这种题目很早就出现在就BEC(剑桥商务英语证书）的阅读的第二部分，虽然考研

2、英语不会涉及太多的商务专业知识，但这两种题型出题的思路和解题规律有极大的相似性。笔者利用多年教授BEC阅读总结的规律对2006年的7选5真题进行巧解，希望对备考2008年考研英语的广大考生起到抛砖引玉的作用。 在考研的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，正确的解题思路分为两步：1）跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。词汇衔接又可以具体分为三种：代词、同义词/近义词、上下义词/同一范畴词对应关系。1.代词英语表

3、达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例1：The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain._ 正确选项为：They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern ,more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them. 例题分析：选项中的they 是复

4、数的人数代词主格，对应空格前句中的staff，staff是一个集合名词（全体员工），是个复数概念。代词中有一类叫不定代词，常见的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this 等，特别要注意它们所指代的名词概念的单复数性质，考生如果对此比较敏感，对解题有很大的帮助。例2：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us._ During the past two years, we have

5、been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.正确选项：Research commissioned by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.例题分析：空格后句末in both these areas中both这个不定代词提示考生空格中一定出现两个并列的名词概念，即fashion and value。当然该题也可通过同义词对应解题：选项中的expect对应空格前的want，

6、表“需求”。2.同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词及同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。例1：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _. 正确选项：These traditional products c

7、reated a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere. 例题分析：空格前句中的old和选项中的traditional是近义词，是很明显的同义对应关系。例2：A Norwegian company, Cortex, has patented a cork, made from man-made materials which it claims is superior to the real thing. _.正确选项：I hopes to be making 200 million of its synthetic corks a

8、 year by the end of the decade.例题分析：选项中的synthetic，意为“人工合成的，人造的”，是前句中man-made的同义词。根据大学英语教学大纲词汇表（高等教育出版社），synthetic是一个四级词汇，但在新东方的BEC和考研阅读课上，笔者竟惊讶地发现很多大学生朋友不认识这个低层词汇。在此，不得不提醒广大考生：对大纲词汇全面而熟练的掌握是高效解答这种题型的根本保证。有时候，如果选项中出现空格前后句里相同的词汇，尤其是实词（特别是名词），这往往是很好的提示。这就是所谓的同词重复现象。例3：These days, Dan Baird runs Front L

9、ine Developments, his own computer games business, and has just sold his latest game to the American software giant._.“The computer game is now a totally accepted means of entertainment,” she says. 正确选项：She thinks that a lot of people feel that computer games are just a passing fad, but her view is

10、that they are not. 例题分析：空格前后句都出现了computer game，在读选项的时候很容易注意到这个同词重复的解题线索。3.上下义词/同一范畴词什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？举个例子读者就明白了。fruit和apple之间就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者，或者可以说后者是前者的一个子集。apple 和orange之间则是同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 例1：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of d

11、ocuments takes up 60% of office works time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. _.正确选项：These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information. 例题分析：选项中的these figurer提示我们前句一定出现了三个或三个以上的数字，figure/number/data 等都表示“数字，数据”，空格前面出现了三个百分数，属于数字的一种，是上下义词次的关系

12、。例2：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear , where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. _.All of these have reported an increase in market share. 正确选项：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective ar

13、e in lingerie, gifts and homeware. 例题分析：空格后句开头all of these 提示我们空格里面肯定出现三个或三个以上并列的名词概念，正是选项中的lingerie（女士内衣），gifts（礼品）and homeware（家居用品），这三个名词与前句中的menswear（男士服装)属于同一范畴类的事物，都是百货商店里的常见商品类别。从这道例题我们还能得出这样一个有用的结论：很多题目的衔接可能不止一个，我们可以从不同的角度来解题或对答案进行验证。逻辑衔接根据前后句之间的逻辑关系又细分为：解释关系、例证关系、因果关系、顺逆关系。1. 解释关系前后句之间含有解释的

14、逻辑关系，这样的逻辑关系是很隐蔽的。例题：By 1995, the year she died, the business had grown so much that she had decided to remain involved only in the area of design. _.正确选项：The creative side of things was what she had always enjoyed most. 例题分析：design这个词的中文意思大家肯定很熟悉，但笔者如果提个问题，不知道有多少读者能回答出来：What is the essential qualit

15、y(nature) of a successful designer?（一个成功的设计师的基本素质是什么？究竟怎样的人可以被称之为设计师？）答案是：He or she must have original mind.（必须具有创新思维。）选项中的the creative side of things 是对前句中the area of design的最好解释。其实任何语言学习的最高境界就是对语言所表达的思想的精确理解，而不是表面的语言现象。笔者留一个简单的问题给读者思考：Who can be called entrepreneurs（企业家）? 2. 例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例

16、子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从形象到抽象）和推理（从抽象到形象）。例题：Manager should provide regular feedback to their staff._.正确选项：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.例题分析：选项是对前句举了一个十分明显的例子。3. 因果关系前后句的逻辑是因果关系，常见的逻辑表达有：because, for , since, as, the reason is

17、that,result in /from , be due to , be attributed to 等等。还有一些表示因果逻辑关系的表达是比较隐蔽的，如：underlie （前者构成后者的基础，实际是前者是因，后者是果），再如：in response to（前者作为后者的回应，即后者是因，前者是果)。希望考生在平日英语学习中多作总结，这对考研各个部分的解题都有好处。 例题：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment , we are better equipped than ever

18、to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic._.正确选项：This is due to our now having a clear strategy with a focus on the customer, product improvement and store refurbishment.例题分析：选项句中有一个非常重要的形容词clear，这个词足以说明该公司的strategy（战略）是正确的，一家公司有着清晰而正确的战略思想当然会使其蒸蒸日上。空格前面一句正是讲的该公司踌躇满志，十分乐观。空格句开头的this

19、is due to 反映出这样的因果逻辑关系。4.顺逆关系英语行文中后句对前句不是顺承逻辑关系就是逆转逻辑关系，这是显然的常识。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。例题：Company both large and small have spend large sums of money on improving office computer facilities._. It seems that business have failed to apply the developments in technology to greater effect.

20、正确选项：However , this enormous investment has not improved productivity as expected.例题分析：空格前句作者如果不是正面也至少可以说是中性的描述：公司无论大小都在改进自己的办公室的硬件方面不惜血本投资。空格后面的一句中有一个明确的表示负面评价的词fail to。如果没有空格中的这句话，前后两句的逻辑出现了断层（logical gap）。所以考生可以在备选项中搜寻转折逻辑的各种表达法，很快就能找出正确的选项。总-分结构关系英语文章绝大多数都是总分结构，无论是全篇的逻辑，还是每一个独立的意群（一般以自然段的形式出现）的逻

21、辑都是总分结构。 利用总句和分句中可能存在的上述各种衔接关系可以迅速地解题。由于篇幅有限，这里就不举例说明了。 下面让我们来用上述总结的方法巧解2006年真题。On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind, home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino, a place where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state

22、 auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when use

23、d in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the users gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”. (41) _. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes play

24、ed two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998, a friend of

25、Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williamss gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of prob

26、lem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) _.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs

27、warning, “enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless Williamss suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked

28、 to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.(43) _.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling ” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a wi

29、ndfall. 44._. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) _.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying

30、 degrees dependent onyou might say addicted torevenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week, with $

31、3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the webs most profitable business. (A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?