高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练专题一 阅读理解第3讲 主旨大意题真题演练A(2016全国卷，阅读理解D)(导学号 58210008)Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in

2、different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples emails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“Theif it bleedsrule works for mass media，”says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.

3、“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communicationemails，Web posts and reviews，facetoface conversationsfound th

4、at it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility，Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular s

5、et of news stories：thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most emailed”list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles.He found that science amazed

6、 Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other，and t

7、hey preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book，“Contagious：Why Things Catch On.”【语篇解读】人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。32What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?ANew

8、s reports.BResearch papers.CPrivate emails.DDaily conversations.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Theif it bleedsrule works for mass media”可知，像“if it bleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。答案：A33What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?ATheyre socially inactive.BTheyre good at telling stories.CTheyre inconsiderate of othe

9、rs.DTheyre careful with their words.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“.You care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据本段“You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。答案：C34Which tended to be the most emailed according to Dr.Bergers research?ASports

10、 news.BScience articles.CPersonal accounts.DFinancial reviews.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“.articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。答案：B35.What can be a suitable title for the text?ASad Stories Travel Far and WideBOnline News Att

11、racts More PeopleCReading Habits Change with the TimesDGood News Beats Bad on Social Networks解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“By tracking peoples emails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。答案：

12、DB(2016全国卷，阅读理解D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；th

13、erefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chines

14、e and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in

15、other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instr

16、uctions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible

17、 meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the hea

18、ling(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。32What does the author say about silence in conversations?AIt implies anger.BIt promotes friendship.CIt is culturespecific.DIt is contentb

19、ased.解析：推理判断题。根据文章首段首句“The meaning of silence varise among cultural groups”和下文给出的例子可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。答案：C33Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?AThe Chinese.BThe French.CThe Mexicans.DThe Russians.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知许多美国本土人，一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。答案：A34Wha

20、t does the author advise nurses to do about silence?ALet it continue as the patient pleases.BBreak it while treating patients.CEvaluate its harm to patients.DMake use of its healing effects.解析：细节理解题。根据末段末句“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in t

21、he care of patients.”可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D。答案：D35.What may be the best title for the text?ASound and SilenceBWhat It Means to Be SilentCSilence to Native AmericansDSpeech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。答案：BC(2015广东卷，阅读理解C)(导学号 58210009)Daniel Ander

22、son，a famous psychologist，believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV，he says，for problems it doesnt really cause，overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces

23、a childs ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images (影像)Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually，children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore，as many teachers agree

24、，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.Yet，most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of en

25、tertainment.But according to Anderson，the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children；it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation，such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents education

26、al background have a stronger influence on a childs reading.“A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads，”Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy televisionwatching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance.But here，too，Anderson notes that no stud

27、ies have proved it.In fact，reasearch suggests that its the other way around.“If youre smart young，youll watch less TV when youre older，”Anderson says.Yet，people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.Ho

28、wever，by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed，Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.【语篇解读】本文为议论文，题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响，还会让孩子远离阅读。而著名心理学家安德森对此提出了不同的看法。36By watching TV，children le

29、arn _.Aimages through wordsBmore than explicit meaningsCmore about images than wordsDlittle about peoples psychology解析：事实细节题。根据第二段第三句“Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.”可知答案为B项。答案：B37An educational program is best watched by a child _.Aon his own Bwith other kid

30、sCwith his parents Dwith his teachers解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.可以推断出答案为C项。答案：C38Which of the following is most related to childrens reading ability?ARadiolistening.BTelevisionwa

31、tching.CParents reading list.DParents educational background.解析：事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childs reading.”可知答案为D项。答案：D39Anderson believes that _.Athe more a child watches TV，the smarter he isBthe younger a child is，the more he watches TVCthe smarter a child is，the less likely he gets addicted to TVDthe less a child watches TV，the better he performs at school解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“If youre smart young，youll watch less TV when youre older，”可以推断出答案为C项。答案：C40.What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo advise on the educationa