计算机网络实验报告网关路由配置.docx

1、计算机网络实验报告网关路由配置一， 环境（详细说明运行的操作系统，网络平台，机器的IP地址） 运行操作系统：Windows 7 SP1 仿真网络平台：The Boson NetSim v5.31二， 实验目的 了解IP协议，网络层协议和数据链路层协议的工作原理及机制 掌握IP地址的规划方法 掌握路由协议的配置方法 掌握路由器及二/三层交换机的配置方法 了解VLAN的划分原理 掌握访问控制的配置方法三， 实验内容及步骤（包括主要流程和说明）1.画网络拓扑图 拓扑图一拓扑图二2.第一项试验-组网实验(1) 使用拓扑图一，进行IP地址规划a.将PC1PC2设置在同一个子网192.168.0.0内PC

2、上路由地址，子网掩码，默认网关的配置方法如下C:ipconfig /ip 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0C:ipconfig /dg 192.68.0.1按上边的方法为PC配置地址PC1: 192.168.0.2PC2: 192.168.0.3子网掩码为255.255.255.0网关为192.168.0.1将PC3PC8设置在同一个子网192.168.1.0内PC3: 192.168.1.2PC4: 192.168.1.3PC5: 192.168.1.4PC6: 192.168.1.5PC7: 192.168.1.6PC8: 192.168.1.7子网掩码: 255.255

3、.255.0默认网关: 192.168.1.0配置路由器端口使两个子网内部的各PC机可以自由通信fa0/0 : 192.168.0.1/24fa0/1: 192.168.1.1/24实验结果：8个PC之间能自由通信，如下所示：(在PC1下)RouterenableRouter#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#int fa0Invalid CommandRouter(config)#int fa0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192

4、.168.0.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upRouter(config-if)#int fa0/1Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up子网内部能通信：C:#ping

5、 192.168.0.3Pinging 192.168.0.3 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL

6、=241Ping statistics for 192.168.0.3: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 50ms, Maximum = 60ms, Average = 55ms子网间能通信：C:#ping 192.168.1.5Pinging 192.168.1.5 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241

7、Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Ping statistics for 192.168.1.5: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate rou

8、nd trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 50ms, Maximum = 60ms, Average = 55msb.PC1PC2置于192.168.0.0 PC1: 192.168.0.2/24 PC2: 192.168.0.3/24 默认网关: 192.168.0.1 PC3,PC5,PC7置于192.168.1.0 PC3: 192.168.1.2/24 PC5: 192.168.1.3/24 PC7: 192.168.1.4/24 默认网关: 192.168.1.1 PC4,PC6,PC8置于192.168.2.0 PC4: 192.168.2

9、.2/24 PC6: 192.168.2.3/24 PC8: 192.168.2.4/24 默认网关: 192.168.2.1 为路由器配置端口地址 fa0/0: 192.168.0.1/24 fa0/1: 191.168.1.1/24 实验结果：子网内部能通信，但子网间不能通信，如下所示（在PC1下）子网内部能通信C:#ping 192.168.0.3Pinging 192.168.0.3 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=

10、32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Ping statistics for 192.168.0.3: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds

11、: Minimum = 50ms, Maximum = 60ms, Average = 55ms子网间不能通信：C:#ping 192.168.2.3Request timed out.Request timed out.Request timed out.Request timed out.Request timed out.Ping statistics for 192.168.2.3: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 0, Lost = 5 (100% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: M

12、inimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0msPinging 192.168.2.3 with 32 bytes of data:3.第二项实验路由配置实验(1) 使用拓扑图二(2) 配置PC的IP地址PC1 : 192.168.1.2PC2 : 192.168.2.2PC3 : 192.168.3.2PC4 : 192.168.4.2(3) 配置路由器各端口的IP地址Router 1: fa0/0: 192.168.1.1/24 s0: 127.0.1.1/24 s1: 127.0.2.1/24Router 2: fa0/0: 192.168.2.1/2

13、4 s0: 127.0.1.2/24 s1: 127.0.3.1/24Router 3: fa0/0: 192.168.3.1/24 s0: 127.0.2.2/24 s1: 127.0.3.2/24 s2: 127.0.4.1/24Router 4: fa0/0: 192.168.4.1/24 s0: 127.0.4.2/24(4) 在3的基础上配置RIP协议Router#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#router ripRouter(config-rout

14、er)#network 192.168.1.0Router(config-router)#network 127.0.1.0Router(config-router)#network 127.0.2.0Router(config-router)#Router 1 上子网：192.168.1.0 127.0.1.0 127.0.2.0Router 2 上子网：192.168.2.0 127.0.1.0 127.0.3.0Router 3 上子网：192.168.3.0 127.0.2.0 127.0.3.0 127.0.4.0Router 4 上子网：192.168.4.0 127.0.4.0实

15、验结果：4台PC之间能互相通信，如下所示：（在PC1上运行）ping通PC2C:#ping 192.168.2.2Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241R

16、eply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 50ms, Maximum = 60ms, Average = 55msping通PC3C:#ping 192.168.3.2Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:Repl

17、y from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2: Packets: Sent = 5, Re

18、ceived = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 50ms, Maximum = 60ms, Average = 55msping通PC4C:#ping 192.168.4.2Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply f

19、rom 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 50ms, Maximum =

20、 60ms, Average = 55ms(5) 思考题：如果不设置时钟频率，路由器之间的端口连接没法no shutdown使其保持状态为UP(6) 在步骤3的基础上配置OSPFRouter#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#router ospf 1Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Router(config-router)#network 127.0.1.0 0.0.0.255

21、area 0Router(config-router)#network 127.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0各路由器上的子网信息同RIP协议实验结果：通步骤44.第三项试验-VLAN划分试验(1) 使用第一项试验b的结果(2) 配置交换机干道配置交换机2的干道SW2#config tSW2(config)#int fa0/1SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSW2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qSW2(config)#int fa0/2SW2(config-if)#switch

22、port mode trunkSW2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qSW2(config)#int fa0/3SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSW2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qSW2(config-if)#exit配置交换机3的干道SW3#config texitSW3(config)#int fa0/1SW3(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSW3(config-if)#switchport

23、 trunk encapsulation dot1qSW3(config)#int fa0/2SW3(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSW3(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qSW3(config-if)#exit配置交换机4的干道SW4#config tSW4(config)#int fa0/1SW4(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSW4(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qSW4(config)#int fa

24、0/2SW4(config-if)#switchport mode trunkSW4(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qSW4(config-if)#exit(3) 建立VTP服务器与客户端在SW2建立VTP域并将SW2设为VTP ServerSW2(config)# vtp mode server /设置switch 2 为VTP serverSW2(config)# endSW2#vlan databaseSW2(vlan)# vtp domain Anyname /定义域名SW2(vlan)# endSW2# show vlan

25、将SW3、SW4设为VTP ClientSW3(config)# vtp mode client /设置switch 3为VTP clientSW3(config)# endSW3#vlan databaseSW3(vlan)# vtp domain Anyname /定义域名，必须和前面一致SW3(vlan)# endSW3# show vlanSW4(config)# vtp mode client /设置switch 4为VTP clientSW4(config)# endSW4#vlan databaseSW4(vlan)# vtp domain Anyname /定义域名，必须和前面

26、一致SW4(vlan)# endSW4# show vlan在VTP Server SW2上划分VLAN，划分结果通过VTP域被SW3、SW4学习到SW2# vlan databaseSW2(vlan)# vlan 10 name test10 /在server上创建vlan10SW2(vlan)# vlan 20 name test20 /在server上创建vlan20SW2(vlan)#endSW2#config tSW2(config)# int fa0/4SW2(config-if)# sw mode accessSW2(config-if)# sw access vlan 10 /

27、将端口fa0/4划到vlan 10SW2(config-if)# int fa0/5SW2(config-if)# sw mode accessSW2(config-if)# sw access vlan 20 /将端口fa0/5划到vlan 20SW2(config-if)#endSW2#show vlanSW2#copy run startup (4) 在交换机上划分子网在SW3上划分VLANSW3#config tSW3(config)int fa0/4SW3(config-if)# sw mode accessSW3(config-if)sw access vlan 10SW3(con

28、fig)int fa0/5SW3(config-if)# sw mode accessSW3(config-if)sw access vlan 20SW3(config-if)endSW3#show vlanSW3#copy run startup 在SW4上划分VLANSW4#config tSW4(config)int fa0/4SW4(config-if)# sw mode accessSW4(config-if)sw access vlan 10SW4(config)int fa0/5SW4(config-if)# sw mode accessSW4(config-if)sw acce

29、ss vlan 20SW4(config-if)endSW4#show vlanSW4#copy run startup 这时pc3、pc5、pc7可以互相ping通这时pc4、pc6、pc8可以互相ping通但不同VLAN之间不通(5) 配置路由器使得二个VLAN互通Router#config tRouter(config)#int fa0/1Router(config-if)#no shutRouter(config-if)#int fa 0/1.1Router(config-if)#encap dot1q 10Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.

30、1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#int fa 0/1.2Router(config-if)#encap dot1q 20Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#endRouter#copy run startup这时2个VLAN之间可以ping通(6) 配置路由使得192.168.0.0子网可以和2个VLAN互通Router(config-if)#int fa0/0Router(config-if)#encap dot1q 1Router(config-if

31、)#int fa0/1Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#endRouter#config tRouter(config-router)#router ripRouter(config-router)#network 192.168.0.0Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0Router(config-router)#endRouter#copy run startup实验结果：8个P