英语四级读美文14.docx

1、英语四级读美文14Unit 14 Environmental Protection环境保护Text 1 Taking Care of the EarthWhat kind of world will our children have to live in? Will they have air to breathe and food to eat? These are among the basic questions that were addressed at the first world meeting on the environment, attended by more tha

2、n 100 world leaders and 30,000 other scientists, reporters, and concerned citizens.These complex problems can no longer be solved by individual countries；nations of the world must act together if we are to develop answers that will give a safe and healthy world to our children. Will world leaders ha

3、ve the vision to make the necessary changes in the laws that protect the environment? The answer is not certain, but there is hope. A number of important problems were examined in the summit conference, all related to quality of life on the planet. As more and more countries become industrialized, a

4、ir pollution from factories and automobiles worsens, causing an increase in disease and medical costs. Many leaders areconcernedabout birth rates because the populations of their countries are growing faster than their economies.Clear water is, of course, another concern for all countries, but very

5、often rivers and other water sources are threatened by industrial growth, as factories and other large businesses look for ways to dispose of chemical waste matter. Another area where industry and nature must be balanced is in the use of forests, jungles, grasslands, and deserts；government officials

6、 argue that the land is needed for farming, industry, and housing, while environmentalists say that we need to preserve the wild lands.Environmentalists have “graded” the world on environmental problems. They have provided the “report cards” that appear with the maps. Like the report cards that teac

7、hers send home with school children, these give us a better understanding of how we are doing in taking care of the Earth. A addressed B balanced C complex D dispose E graded F preserve G summit H vision I worsens J threatened 关心地球 我们的后代将必须生活在什么样的世界里呢?他们会有空气呼吸和食物吃吗?这些在第一届世界环境会议上处于要处理的基本问题之列，该会议有100多

8、位世界领导人和其他的30，000名科学家、记者及有关人士参加。这些复杂的问题再也不能够通过个别国家独自来解决了。如果我们想找到办法来为我们的孩子们提供一个安全而健康的世界，那么世界各国必须联合行动。世界各国领导人会有远见而做出必要的法律变更以保护环境吗?回答不一定是肯定的，但希望是有的。在这次最高级会议上详细讨论了许多重要的问题，都与我们在这颗星球上的生活质量有关。随着越来越多的国家实现工业化，由工厂和汽车导致的空气污染更加严重了，这造成疾病和医疗费用的增加。许多领导人关心出生率问题，因为他们国家的人口增长比经济增长更快。当然，对于所有国家来说，水的净化是大家关心的另一个问题，但是因为工厂和其

9、他大型企业都在寻找处理化学废物的方法，河流和其他水源常常受到工业增长的威胁。保持工业和自然平衡的另一个方面是对森林、灌木、草原和沙漠的利用；政府工作人员认为农业、工业和建造住宅都需要土地，而环境保护主义者则说我们需要保护原始土地。环境保护主义者已经按环境问题把世界划分了等级。他们提供了带有“报告卡”的地图。就像老师让小学生带回家里的报告卡一样，这些报告卡能使我们更好地理解我们应如何关心地球。难 句 解 析1. These are among the basic questions that were addressed at the first world meeting on the env

10、ironment, attended by more than 100 world leaders and 30,000 other scientists, reporters, and concerned citizens.【分析】复合句。that 引导定语从句，修饰 the basic questions，attended by.citizens 为过去分词作后置定语，修饰 the first world meeting。2. As more and more countries become industrialized, air pollution from factories and

11、 automobiles worsens, causing an increase in disease and medical costs.【分析】复合句。As 作连词引导时间状语从句，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，causing.costs 为现在分词作伴随状语。3. Clear water is, of course, another concern for all countries, but very often rivers and other water sources are threatened by industrial growth, as factories and o

12、ther large businesses look for ways to dispose of chemical waste matter.【分析】并列复合句。由两个表示转折关系的分句构成，中间由but连接，第二个分句中as引导的从句为 very often.growth的原因。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇address /59dres/ vt. 向作(正式)讲话；对付，处理；称呼；写姓名地址 n. 地址；演说【联想】把这件衣服 (dress) 送到下面的住址 (address) 【搭配】address sb in Chinese 对某人用汉语说；address the

13、 public on. 就向公众讲话；address her as “Miss Mattie”称呼她为“玛蒂小姐”；deliver an address to a crowd 当众演说【活用例句】The headmaster gave an address to welcome everyone to the school concert. 校长发表讲话，欢迎大家出席学校音乐会。complex* /9k(e7)mpleks/ a. 复杂的；合成的，综合的 n. 合成物【词根】com(一起) plex(折叠)折叠在一起合成的【引申】同义complicated a. 复杂的，难解的compound

14、 a. 复合的mixed a. 混合的synthetic a. 合成的，人造的；虚假的反义easy a. 简单的simple a. 简单的，简易的【完形例句】It is an immensely complex process that we take for granted. 我们想当然地以为那是个非常复杂的过程。06.12vision* /9vIZn/ n. 眼力，看法；幻想；视觉【词根】vis(看) ion(名词后缀)视力【搭配】beyond ones vision 在视野之外，看不见的；have vision of 想象到，幻想【活用例句】It is very important th

15、at we have leaders with vision. 我们的领导有远见，这一点很重要。近形version* /9v(ae):SFn/ n. 版本，译本；说法【词根】vers(turn 转) ion (名词后缀)转换成别国语言译本【引申】同义edition n. 版，版本translation n. 译文，译本【阅读例句】English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. 如果你提交英文的简历，需要知道收件人使用的是英式英语还是美式英语，因为两者之间有很大的差别。06.6

16、同义edition /I9dISFn/ n. 版，版本【词根】来自 edit(编辑) ion 编辑出来的材料版本【搭配】the first edition of the book 此书的第一版【引申】同根edit vt. 编辑；主编editor n. 编辑，编者editorial a. 编辑的；社论的【听力例句】Excuse me. Id like to place an advertisement for a used car in the Sunday edition of your paper.打扰一下，我想在你们报纸的星期日版上登一则卖旧汽车的广告。 02.6 summit /9s(f

17、6)mIt/ n. 最高级会议；(山等的)最高点，峰顶；极点【联想】sum(总) mit(看作 met 碰面)很多老总碰面峰会【搭配】reach the summit 到达顶峰【活用例句】The time he was a member of the government was the summit of his lifes work. 在政府为官时是他事业的顶峰。同 义 巧 辨 summit, peak都含“最高点”或“顶端”的意思。summit 指“顶点”、“最高处”、“成就的顶峰”，如：talks at the summit 最高级会谈；peak 指“山中的最高峰”、“山顶”，还可指“

18、程度、数量、物体等的尖端”，如：the peak output 最高产量。!图12worsen /9w(ae):sn/ v. 使变坏，恶化【引申】同根worse a. & ad. bad 的比较级 较差的，更坏的同缀共享 -en 动词后缀 broaden v. 拓宽，使宽widen v. 加宽，扩展lighten v. 使轻，减轻【活用例句】Heavy storms worsened the fuel shortage.暴风雨使燃料的缺乏状况更加恶化。threaten* /9Tretn/ vt. 威胁，恐吓 vi. 构成威胁；可能发生【词根】来自 threat(威胁) en(动词后缀)威胁【搭

19、配】threaten to do sth 以做某事相威胁；threaten sb with sth 以做某事威胁某人【引申】同根threat n. 恐吓，威胁，凶兆threatening a. 胁迫的，危险的同义intimidate vt. 恐吓，威胁【活用例句】When your love for someone is rejected, in no case should you threaten him / her with death.当爱被拒绝的时候，千万不要以死相威胁。同义frighten* /9fraItn/ vt. 使惊恐，吓唬【词根】来自 fright(恐怖，惊吓) en(使

20、)【搭配】frighten . off 把吓走，吓跑【引申】同义scare n. 惊恐，恐慌 vt. 吓，使害怕 vi. 受惊吓，感到害怕【活用例句】The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldnt loosen her grip on my arm. 小姑娘吓坏了，她紧紧抓住我的胳膊不放。dispose* /dI9sp5Uz/ vt. 排列；使有利于 vi. 丢掉，除掉；解决【词根】dis(分开) pose(放)分开放排列【搭配】dispose of rubbish 清除垃圾；dispose the soldiers for th

21、e battle 为战斗布置兵力【引申】同义deal with 处理take order with 安排，处理treat with 处理，应付arrange v. 安排，准备，整理manage vi. 处理，设法对付【活用例句】I am still not sure how best to dispose of the shares.我仍不确定怎样才能最好地处理这些股份。派生disposal* /dI9sp5Uzl/ n. 丢掉，清除；排列，布置【短语】at sbs disposal 任某人处理，供某人使用【活用例句】The sanitation department is in charge

22、 of garbage disposal.环境卫生部门负责处理垃圾。balance* /9bl5ns/ v. & n. 平衡【搭配】keep / lose ones balance 保持；失去平衡【活用例句】Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. 库克与当地人民和商业领导合作，共同调节经济发展与环境保护之间的平衡。preserve* /prI9z(ae):v/ vt. 保存，保藏【联想】pre(预先) serv

23、e(服务)预先提供服务保护【引申】同义conserve vt. 保存，保藏keep vt. 保持，保存reserve vt. 储备，保存【活用例句】We want the government to preserve some of the very old buildings in our city. 我们希望政府能够保护我们城市里的一些非常古老的建筑物。grade /greId/ vt. 对进行评分；(将)分等级 n. 等级，成绩；(学校的)年级【搭配】receive a failing grade 得到不及格的分数；a student in the second grade 二年级学生【

24、短语】make the grade 达到规定目标，成功【引申】同义group vt. 把分组mark n. (考试等的)分数 vt. 给(试卷等)打分rank vt. 把分等，给评定等级rate vt. 给定级sort vt. 分类【活用例句】These potatoes have been graded according to size and quality. 这些马铃薯按大小和质量分出等级。同义classify / 9klsIfaI/ vt. 分类，分等【词根】class(类别) ify(动词后缀)【搭配】classified advertisements 分类广告【活用例句】Woul

25、d you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?你认为她的小说属于严肃文学类还是属于通俗读物类?派生classification / 8klsIfI9keSFn/ n. 分类，分级；类别，级别【词根】来自 classif(y)(分类，分等) ication(名词后缀)【搭配】the classification of books in the library图书馆中书籍的分类【引申】同根class n. 种类，门类classic a. 一流的classical a. 古典的，经典的 【活用例句】I

26、t is helpful to begin with a rough and ready classification.首先进行粗略的分类是很有帮助的。下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇breathe* /bri:D/ vi. 呼吸 vt. 呼吸；(低声地)说出；表示充满(感情)，流露【联想】要吃面包 (bread) 还要呼吸 (breathe) 才能生存【搭配】breathe in / out 吸进；出【活用例句】Her performance breathed wit and charm.她的表演灵巧迷人。conference /9k(e7)nfFr5ns/ n. (正式)会

27、议；讨论，商谈【词根】来自 confer(商谈) ence(名词后缀)【搭配】hold a conference 举行大会【活用例句】The teacher was in conference with parents after school.放学后教师和家长进行了商谈。同根confer /k5n9f(ae):(r)/ vi. 商谈，商讨 vt. (on)授予，赋予【词根】con(共同) fer(带，拿)大家都带来观点商谈，商议【提示】注意用法：在表示“将某物授予某人”的意思时，confer的结构是confer sth on sb，不能用双宾语结构。如，The principal confe

28、rred a medal on him. 校长授予他一枚奖章。同义 consult /k5n9s(f6)lt/ vt. 请教，找商量；查阅 vi. 交换意见，商议【联想】不顾侮辱(insult)，不耻请教(consult)，以求结果(result)【提示】注意不同词性的用法区别：consult sb请教某人；consult with sb与某人商议。【活用例句】Shell consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school.是否进研究生学校她还要咨询Dr. Garcia。05.12disease* /dI9zi:z/ n. 病，疾病；不健全，弊端

29、【词根】dis(不) ease(安心)身心不安疾病【搭配】acute disease 急性病；chronic disease 慢性病【写作例句】Thanks to the rapid development of modern medical knowledge and techniques, many diseases which used to be fatal are now no longer threats to public health.由于现代医学知识与技术的进步，许多曾经致命的疾病现在已经不再是公众健康的威胁了。official* /59fIS5l/ n. 官员；高级职员 a

30、. 官员的，政府的；正式的【搭配】official responsibility 公务；official statement 官方声明【引申】同根officer n. 军官，警官；官员；公务员；高级职员office n. 办公室，办事处【活用例句】As the old empires were broken up and new states were formed, new official tongues began to spring up at an increasing rate. 旧帝国被瓦解，新国家组建起来，新的官方语言以越来越快的速度产生。wild* /waIld/ a. 野生

31、的；荒凉的；愤怒的；野蛮的，未驯化的【搭配】go wild 狂怒，狂热；wild mountains 荒芜的群山【写作例句】Judging by the figures, we know it is not that many wild animals became extinct themselves.从上述数字我们可以了解到，许多野生动物并非是自己灭亡的。反义tame* /teIm/ a. 驯服的，温顺的；沉闷的 vt. 制服；驯服【联想】时间(time)太长容易让人感觉乏味(tame)【搭配】mans attempts to tame the elements人类控制自然力的尝试。【活用例句】Tame elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers. 在很多方面，包括性情，驯养的大象和野生的大象都不一样。Text 2 Causes of Environmental Cris