英语动词分类及常用役动词和用法.docx

1、英语动词分类及常用役动词和用法优质资料 欢迎下载 英 语 动 词 的 种 类 提示：以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。 切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们要特别注意一词多义现象。 动词的种类分类总表：(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.) 情态动 词1 只作情态动词使用 can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 请你参考复习以前发放的资料 2 可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/ dare 3 可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/

2、should/ will/ would 4 勉强可作情态动词have to/ had better/ used to 助动 词1 be am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being 形式变化： 同时是实义和系动词2 do does/ did 形式变化： 同时是实义动词3 have has/ had/ having 形式变化： 同时是实义动词4 shall should 形式变化： 同时是情态动词5 will would 形式变化： 同时是情态动词系动 词1 状态系动词be 特别说明：这里列举的所有系动动都本身是实义词词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合 句意去理解判断

3、。2 表像系动词look / appear/ seem 3 感官系动词feel / smell/ sound/ taste 4 持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay 5 变化系动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run 6 终止系动词prove/ turn out 实 义 动 词1 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。 ）不及物动词（vi vi后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含 义有所不同。第2页有更多内容

4、后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。 ）及物动词 （vt vt后面可以直接跟宾语。2 静态动 词静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。 A. 表示存在、从属意义的动词。 如：be（“是”）、have（“有”）、own, exist, live, belong to B. 与五官感觉有关的动词 watch, notice, observe, find, hear, see, feel, taste, smell及如：catch C. 表示心理状态或情感状态的动词 believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find;

5、forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand; want; wish D. 接度量衡名词的动词 (+数词+单位) (这些动词的主语通常是物) weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat 动态动词 动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。 A延续性动词：表示行为或过程能持久 eat， listen， read， run，

6、 walk，work，第3页write 有更多关内. 地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。表示行为或过程是B终止性动词：短暂的或瞬时间完成结束。 arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; 相close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; 容jump C表示状态改变或位置转移的动词. arrive，change，come，die，go，land（着陆），leave 3 使役 动词 : make, have, let, g

7、et, keep“使、令、让、叫”等意义的动词. 如A.表示第4页有更多相关内容. 的心理状态的动词。如：，令人”B.表示“使人 interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise(+ sb.)4 put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find; 表示动作的动词manage to do/ hear;study/learn; try to/ listen 表示状态的动词to do 表示结果的动词prepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。 请

8、大家注. 意积累5 在句子中作谓语的动词。 A谓语动词注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。 在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。B变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。 优质资料 欢迎下载 非谓语动 词 A不定式 to do 形式变化：to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to do 动名词Bdoing 形式变化：not doing 有今后复题专关有习. 内容 C现在分词doing 形式变化：having done/ having been done/ not doing not having done/ not having been d

9、one D过去分词done 形式变化：not done 相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容）及物动词与不及物动 词用法vi 1）（ + vi 主语) 状语(+(不及物动词):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quar

10、rel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand. : show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die )(不及物动词短语out, give out, run up, . v

11、i用法（2） 主语+vi+介词+宾语 aim + at look +at stare +at stay +at glance + at laugh + at contact +with sb deal + with disagree + with end + in/up with wait +for depend + on operate +on rely + on insist + on doing live +in/on belong + to sb come + to sb go + to happen +to sb lie + to/in listen + to object +to

12、occur +to refer +to relate +to reply +to return +to stick +to sth graduate + from suffer +from fail + in succeed +in doing fall +off/ onto struggle + for/ against vote +for/ against care + for/about to sb for doing apologize +argue + about sth with sb die +in/ from/ of/ talk +about sth/ to sb think

13、+of/ about/ over compete + in sth with sb to/ with / on agree +work +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at (要熟记它们的搭配。) vt与vi近义词对 比listen to sb sound like sth hear sb arrive in/at get to reach belong to sb own sth possess sth lie in + be situated in + be located in + contact with sb touch sb talk tell work

14、for sb serve sb reply to answer appear show sth to sb rise / go up / increase raise sit seat sb look at see/ watch succeed in doing manage sth/ to do break in break into go out turn off look for find give in give up agree with sb promise sb A既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的 动词，其意义不变。如?敢楧?开始。Everybody, our game begi

15、ns. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds B既可以用lifted. 作及物又作及物动词时是升高；举起。He lifted his glass and drank. 可以用作类似的还有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长/ vt. 种植 不及物的play v

16、i.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 发出（气味）/ vt. 嗅 动词，其意ring vi.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话 speak vi. 讲话/ vt. 说（语言） 义完全不hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术/ vt. 操作 同。 run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 经营 考虑到allow for 允许allow 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：C 优质资料 欢迎下载 感官动词 hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; l

17、isten to的感官动词 用法归纳总结: (感官动词+ sb. do/ doing / sth done)。 1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作 When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 形式表示正在进行的动作。2后接V-ingSeeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt

18、my heart beating fast. 形式表示被动意义。3后接V-edAfter his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. : 试比较（注意理解） 。 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）I heard him sing a song. 。I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）

19、）”是被动关系。 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱I heard a song sung. ） 延续性动词与终止性动词的对 比注: “”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词); “”右边的是延续性动词 更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize. borrowkeep buyhave becomebe put on wearive in move tolknow recognize catch a coldhave a cold get to kno

20、wknow open sthkeep sth open leavebe away from begin/startbe on die be dead finishbe over returnbe back/ joinbe in + 组织机构 a member of + 组织机构be come herebe here go therebe there come backbe back fall asleepbe asleep get to/arrive/reachbe (in) go (get) out be out fall illbe ill get upbe up 在有表示时间的场合，要注

21、意根据句子或上下文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词该使用延续性动词还是终止性动词。 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时1. : 用。但状点间的“时间”语连延续+ to + begin/ come/ get 性动词可表示一瞬间的动作。段时;“点时间(“”指具体某一时间点 .)”指某一时间内间It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误) 。 ，前后矛盾表示点时间rain因为为延续性动词，而at eightIt began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正) -When did you get to know Jack? -Tw

22、o years ago. -Then youve known each other for more than two years. -Thats right. 2. 终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词一般只能用 延续性动词。When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. .) 不可用while替换(reach为终止性动词; when

23、Please look after my daughter while/when we are ) (be awayaway. 为延续性动词短语 I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 3. 终止性动词的完成时态，表示动作的完成并产生了影响与结果。但一般不能与表示延续的时间段短语“for”或“since”以及“How long ”连用，终止性动词否定 式除外。 他已经入团。He has joined the League. He has been a League member for three

24、 years. has been in the League for three years. He The old man died 4 years ago. been dead for 4 years. The old man has ce the old man died. It is 4 years sindied. Four years has passed since the old man I bought the book 5 days ago. have had the book for 5 days.I 优质资料 欢迎下载 4.注意句型(1): 终止性(+ since从句“

25、It is 一段时间 )”动词的过去时+ ( since从句“一段时间has passed )”: 终止性动词的过去时多长的有(自从句子的含义是: “起, 时间)”。从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词如果在since的现在完成时，那么与其一般过去时的含义就 完全相反了。注意比较理解: I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以来一直在学校里。 I have been at school since I was ill. 我病愈以来一直在学校里。 Its 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生戒烟已有四年了 It is f

26、our months since my elder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英国已有四个月了。 More than three years has passed since Mary came to China. 玛丽来中国已有三年多了 5. 注意句型(2): “not + 终止性动词 + until/till .” 意为“直到才”。 “延续性动词 + until /till” 表示：“一直延续到.” I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡

27、觉。I wont leave till my parents come back. 我将呆在家里直到我父母回来。言外之意是，我父母不回来，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回来后我就离开家。 I didnt receive the notice until last evening. 直到昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨天晚上前我一直没有接到通知。 We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上一直工作到11点。 高考中常见使役动词的用法与搭 配 1. makemake sb. do sth sb. be made to do )被动形式 (使/让/逼

28、某人做某事; make sth done make sb. adj 使某人处于使/让某事得以的状态 She will make a good wife.make sb sth 她会成为一个好 /使让某人成为 。 妻子 make oneself done (make oneself heard/ understood) 为他人所 使某人的 2. havehave sb do sth have sb doing. 使/让某人一直做某事 /请某人做某事. 使/让 have sth done (不好的事情) 请/让某人做某事; 招致或遭遇到 It had the salesmen busy aroun

29、d. have sb adj. 的状态 /让/某人处于使3. let let sb do sth let sb+ 的状态让/允许某人做某事介词短语 让某人处于4. keep keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事使/ keep sb/sth +的状态 让某人或某物处于介词短语. 5. get get sb to do sthyou please get them to bring down Would /让某人做某事 请the price? Ill get my hair cut.get sth done. 让某人做某事请/The joke got us laughing. ge

30、t sb doing. 请/让某人一直做某事6. leave Well leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb (to) do sth 让某人做/干某事 doing sth leave sb in outside 让某人继续处于某种状态 Dont leave her waiting the rain. leave sth done 让某事保持的状态 工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。The workers left the rest of the work untouched.7. cause cause sb to do sth 引起某人做某事促使/ 使得/? What