高考英语一轮复习语法专题四名词性从句讲义牛津译林版.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习语法专题四名词性从句讲义牛津译林版专题四 名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/ whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1.that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The probl

2、em is that we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引

3、导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定

4、语从句中的“先行词关系代词”，即常说的“先行词that/which/who”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestio

5、n，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2.whether和if的用法。(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。It all depends on whether t

6、hey will come back.(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。We ought to discuss carefully th

7、e question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)wheth

8、er可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3.疑问词-ever和no matter疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词-ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑问词-ever还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.

9、Whatever you do，you must do it well.(3)no matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get

10、the money.(同位语从句)This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)主语从句的核心考点1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.What h

11、e needs is more experience.常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a won

12、der，no wonder等)that从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced等)that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，ap

13、pear，happen，matter)that从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should)动词原形”形式。(2)在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形”。题组训练1用适当的连接词填空1.WhatBarbara Jones offe

14、rs to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.It is obvious that youve made a big mistake.3.It was never clear that the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.4.Why he did that wasnt quite clear.5.It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.宾语从句

15、的核心考点1.动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are right.I dont suppose he cares，does he?(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boil

16、ed water every day.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from

17、where we lived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。Im sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.题组训练2用适当的连接词填空1.The shocking ne

18、ws made me realize what terrible problems we would face.2.Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether/if shell accept it.3.The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild the bridge.4.His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.5.Twe

19、nty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how they should read first.表语从句的核心考点1.主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.2.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。The reason for

20、 such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.3.because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.题组训练3用适当的连接词填空1.I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.2.Id li

21、ke to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.3.The reason why he didnt go to school was that he fell ill.4.He came late.That was because he got up late.5.The question is whetherwe can reduce the cost of the product.同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，ide

22、a，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。2.同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。I have no idea what has happened to him.3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king

23、with that sword.题组训练4用适当的连接词填空1.There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.2.When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.3.I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.4.The possibility that the majority of the la

24、bour force will work at home is a trend.5.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.1.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.(2018江苏，21)A.where B.whenC.why D.how答案D解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：坐船是到达这里的唯一方法，这就是我们如何(h

25、ow)到达的。where表地点；when表时间；why表原因；how表方式。2.Without his support，we wouldnt be we are now.(2018北京，11)A.how B.whenC.where D.why答案C解析考查表语从句的引导词。根据句意可知应该选C项，where引导表语从句。句意为：假如没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。3.This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018北京，15)A.how B.whichC.that

26、 D.what答案D解析考查表语从句的引导词。这是一个含有表语从句的复合句，所选答案在从句中作teach的直接宾语，因此应该选D项。how不能用作宾语；which引导表语从句时意为“哪个，哪些”，不合逻辑；that引导表语从句时在从句中不作成分。句意为：这就是父亲教我的总是直面困难，并且抱最大的希望。4.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津，9)A.whomever B.whereverC.whoever D.whatever答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：金

27、牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“人”，故用whoever引导宾语从句。whomever在从句中作宾语，故排除。5.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of it used to charge.(2017江苏，26)A.that B.whichC.what D.how答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of

28、部分在句中作 $20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。6.She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津，4)A.when B.whereC.whether D.what答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。7.Jane moved aimless

29、ly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.(2017北京，26)A.why B.whereC.how D.when答案B解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。8.Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京，23)A.whatever B.whoeverC.whomever D.whic

30、hever答案B解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。9.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21)A.why B.whatC.as D.that答案D解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为

31、形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。10.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11)A.whether B.thatC.which D.what 答案B解析考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。11.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.(2016北京，24)A.However B.WhoeverC.Whatever D.W