考研英语复习指导如何精读英语阅读.docx

1、考研英语复习指导如何精读英语阅读考研英语复习指导：如何精读英语阅读一篇考研的真题，从做题到文章的全面分析和展示。看起来是有点痛苦的，而且还要反复直至熟练，少不了痛心疾首捶胸顿足的时候。但如此死磕五篇，当小有所成；死磕十篇，应上了台阶；死磕二十，必手到擒来。 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap， but， if properly handled， it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a gl

2、owing period after the end of the Second World War， it had a market eight times larger than any competitor， giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best， its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europea

3、ns and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably， the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial compe

4、titiveness. Some huge American industries， such as consumer electronics， had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left， Zenith.（Now there is none： Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.） Foreign-made cars and t

5、extiles were sweeping into the domestic market. Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors， which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age， was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidenc

6、e. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing， and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometime

7、s sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed！ In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a dued dollar or

8、 the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.“ American industry has changed its structure， has gone on a diet， has learnt to be more quick-witted，” according to Richard Cavanagh， executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government.“ It makes me proud to be an Americ

9、an just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity， says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute， a think-tank in Washington， DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as” a golden age of business management in the United St

10、ates.“ 51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World Warbecause_. Ait had made painstaking efforts towards this goal Bits domestic market was eight times larger than before Cthe war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors Dthe unparalleled size of its workforce had given an imp

11、etus to its economy 52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in theATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market Bsemiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises Cmachine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions Dauto industry h

12、ad lost part of its domestic market 53.What can be inferred from the passage？ AIt is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried. BIntense competition may contribute to economic progress. CThe revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. DA long history of success may pa

13、ve the way for further development. 54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the_. Aturning of the business cycle Brestructuring of industry Cimproved business management Dsuccess in education 解题第一步：读题干 51.The U.S. achieved its predominance aft

14、er World Warbecause_. 题型：问事情原因，细节题，需定位句子 给定信息：美国achieved its predominance after World War II 定位信息：World War II， because 52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_. 题型信息：问支撑观点的事实，例证题，当从观点后面找事实 给定信息：1980s美国predominance的失去，表现于相关的事实 定位

15、信息：1980s 53.What can be inferred from the passage？ 题型信息：题干无具体信息，直接就文章提问，为判断题，当先搁置，最后直接看选项来做。 给定信息：无 定位信息：无 54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the_. 题型信息：问原因，细节题，需定位 给定信息：1990s美国经济复苏，作者对其原因有自己的看法 定位信息：1990s 题干综合：两道细节问原因，一道例证问事实，一道判断，尽量先根据其

16、它题的解题过程和结果来解以节省时间。 由题干给定信息可知：文章讲到了二战后美国取得领先；1980s失去了这种地位；1990s经济又复苏了。 解题第二步：读文章做选择 51.根据定位信息找到首段二句，但本句中没有原因（看整个句式：当A时，有B.其中B肯定不是原因，而是结果。）。接着向下，直到最后一句，才由定语从句交代原因（定语从句可以而且常常交代原因）。 选项分析： A.是非颠倒。他们为目标做了艰苦的努力。只有首段首句提到effortless success. B.答非所问、偷换概念。原文也有市场，也是八倍以上。但一：不是所问事情的原因； 二：原文是market比competitors大，选项是

17、domestic market比before大。 C.同义表达，正确。战争摧毁了其潜在竞争对手的经济。原文是欧洲人和亚洲人，也即美国人的潜在竞争对手。 D.偷换概念。劳动力无与伦比的规模给了其经济以推动力。引人注目的是原文也有unparalleled，但搭配是unparalleled economies of scale，选项是unparalleled size of workforce.有此一点，就已死定。 52.根据定位线索1980s找到二段第三句：美国人发现自己XYZ.此处XYZ表达法比较麻烦，其实无关紧要。题目不是问美国人会失去优势表现为什么事实吗？那先不得说美国人失去了优势？后面才是

18、事实。先出现了一句说Some huge American industries，与各选项均无关系；下一句讲TV，也不对；再下一句讲cars，即选项D中的auto，为正确选项。 选项分析： A.想当然：原文“只剩一家电视制造商”不必然意味着选项中“退回国内市场”。 B.无中生有：原文semiconductors讲的是将成为next casualty；选项说“被外国公司兼并”。 C.偷换概念：原文machine-tool industry是on the ropes，字面义是“在绳子上”，显然是比喻义。本段讲各产业都是“不行了”，此处亦不例外，不会冒出选项中的“自杀行为”。 D.同义表达：改变说话角

19、度。原文“外国汽车进入国内市场”=选项“汽车业丧失部分国内市场”。 53.留到最后来解。 54.根据定位信息1990s找到第四段第二句。美国人回头可看到五年增长（即题目中所述事实），后一句才交代原因。要读出言外之意：没几个美国人将此归为如此明显的原因如X和Y.意思是作者认为是这两个原因，而且很明显，但多数美国人却没有看到。A为正确选项。 选项分析： A.正确。 B.貌合神离：引言中确有此说。但此引言是用来说明前文blind pride（盲目骄傲），是作者所批判的观点。请参照本段“段落解剖”。 C.同B. D.无中生有：从未提及。 回头再做53.尽量利用已解题和已读信息解题。 A.画蛇添足：解第

20、54题时第四段有blind pride与lack of confidence，但从未说human nature. B.未读到相关信息，等待确认正误。 C.依54答案，可知international cooperation并非复苏原因。 D.暗渡陈仓：首段首句a history of long and effortless success，被偷换成a long history of success.Long修饰对象被偷换，已经死定。 故B为正确选项。 题做完后，精读题目和文章，巩固词汇句法篇章。 精读题干 51.The U.S. has attained and retained dominan

21、ce（dominant position） over the globe； it still dominates the world today.美国取得并且保持了在全球的支配地位，现在美国依然在世界上占主导。 Dominate， dominance， dominant分别为动词、名词、形容词形式。Predominance意思无根本变化，pre（=before）不过强调领先于人而已。 He has achieved his goal； he has had great achievements in economics. 他实现了自己的目标，在经济学上取得了巨大的成就。（achieve意思依搭

22、配关系变化，名词为“成就”，即“取得的东西”） 52.例证题考察“先观点+再例证”这种基本的段落模式。此题是较少见的问法，是由观点问例证。多数题目是问例证说明何种观点。“说明”的表达方式多种多样，以下是常见问法： X is mentioned to manifest/demonstrate/illustrate/show/indicate/suggest/imply/ exemplify。（提到某信息是为了说明什么） 53.To infer means to figure out； to figure out means to get the meaning hidden in the wor

23、ds. infer跟figure out同义，都是“推断”，意思都是读懂话“里”的话。（这就是为什么infer以in为词头，figure后跟的是out） 54.the revival of the US economy=the recovery of the US economy.再看restore his position恢复他的地位，revenge our defeat为我们的失败复仇，reply to his request对他的要求进行回复，Renaissance文艺复兴。阿姨（re=back）之表“回/复/反”，不是虚言！ 精读文章 第一段：段落解剖 首句：坐享其成的历史可能会是个d

24、readful handicap（不认识没关系，后面有but），但如果处理得当，可能成为驱动力。因为but后才是核心，前面可以不理。此句明显是一个观点，意味着后文是对它的解释说明，与它一致。 二句：当二战后美国进入一个glowing时期，它有一个比对手大得多的市场，给了其各个产业以economies of scale. （根据历史知识，我们知道二战后美国进入繁荣时期成为世界霸主；市场最大，与给各产业以economies of scale两个部分是一致的。那么想：规模大有什么好处？有规模就会更有效更经济，也就是字面上的“规模的经济”） 三句：科学家和工人都最牛（足矣）。 四句：美国的繁荣起出欧洲

25、和亚洲，（因为）后两者的经济已为战争所毁。 词汇选讲 Less：从数量到程度The origin of“less”may have been lost. Less这个词的来源可能已经迷失了。little， less， least不错，从源头上考察，less， least分别为little的比较级和最高级，分别为“较少的”“最少的”。 I have less money than he.我比他有更少的钱（钱没他多）。 I have the least money among my colleagues.在同事中，我的钱最少。 要注意的是，词往往不会安分守己，喜欢引申变化。 I am less r

26、ich than he. I am the least rich among my colleagues 不能机械地说成“我比它更少的富裕”或“我在同事中最少富裕”。东西，可以说多少；贫富，只能讲程度。我不如他富有。我是最不富裕的。同理，多与更多最多，也会引申成程度，只是我们已经很熟悉。 I have as much money as he.我跟他有同样多的钱。（说钱，指数量） I am as much a rich man as he.他跟他一样，也是个富人。（贫富程度相同，再不是多少，翻译时，化为一个“也”字） I have more money than he.我比他有更多的钱。（说钱，

27、指数量） I am more of a teacher than he.我比它更像一个老师。（在称为老师这一点上，我更高一筹） 总结：数量多少，可引申成程度高低，汉语表达时要灵活。 再进一步，less还会干脆表示彻底的否定“没有/无/不”，但只限于做另一个词的跟屁虫（所谓后缀）。 Valueless， priceless分别为没有价值的，无价的（没有价格可以衡量） Countless， effortless无数的，没有经过努力的（不劳而获坐享其成的） a handicap是“一个障碍”，可望文生义。该词前面是hand，后面是cap.手里拿着个帽子（with a cap in the hand）

28、，无论对于give sb a beat（揍人）还是给恋人一个拥抱（hug/embrace your lover），确实是个障碍（obstacle， sth in the way， disadvantage）。 而如果没有帽子或者其它东东（without the hat or other objects），手是极灵活有用的（very flexible）。或者更应该说（Or rather），hand代表着灵活，可表示各种动作。 若我的父亲积有a considerable amount of private property（相当一笔私有财产），他老人家一旦驾鹤西游（pass away/die），一

29、般会hand it over to me（把它交给我），而我作为一个ordinary human being，也会毫不客气地take it over（把它接受过来）。 如果说上面还可以的“移交”还跟手扯得上关系，下面基本上没手什么事了。 We are still subject to the traditions handed down from generation to generation. 我们依然受到一代一代传下来的传统的制约。 Handle也是这个道理看清楚了里面有个hand吧？追根索源，本指“把手/柄”。He took the handle of the tool by hand and handed it to me.它用手抓住工具的把手，将它递给了我