1、名词易错易混点名词易错易混点一、单项选择名词1It is reported that Fan Bingbing broke the law of tax.Well, the _ for her is so heavy that it is a warning to high-incomers.Areward Bfare Cfine Dcharge【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:据报道,范冰冰触犯了税法。嗯,对她的罚款很重,这对高收入的人来说是个警告。A. reward报酬;B. fare公共交通费;C. fine罚款;D. charge费用。上一句说范冰冰触犯了税法,因此此处
2、是说对她的处罚(罚款),故C项正确。2An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good _.Ascene BsceneryCsight Dview【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景 B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。根据句意,故D选项正确。【点睛】Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景,指展现在眼前的情
3、景,也可以指scenery的一部分3The girl received no approval of his family as her marriage with an African boy was regarded as a _ from tradition.Aviolation BdepartureCwithdrawal Dseparation【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词的词义辨析。A. violation违反,妨碍;B. departure离开,出发;C. withdrawal撤退,收回;D. separation分离,分开。句意:这个女孩没有得到家人的认可因为她与非洲人的婚姻
4、被认为是背离传统的。结合句意可知答案为B。4Computers cannot work without _ from human beings.Aexpressions BinstructionsCprescriptions Dintroductions【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:没有人类的指令,计算机无法工作。A. expressions表达;B. instructions命令,指示;C. Prescriptions处方;D. introductions介绍。instructions“命令,指示”符合句意。故B选项正确。5When people need informati
5、on, from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first_ they turn to.Aprivilege Bsource Cassistance Doutcome【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. privilege特权; B. source来源; C. assistance帮助,援助; D. outcome结果。句意:当人们需要信息时,从新闻和天气预报到旅游套餐和学术研究,互联网现在是他们求助的第一个来源。结合句意可知答
6、案为B。6He was so nervous during the test. No _ he didnt pass the exam.Away BsurpriseCwonder Dmatter【答案】C【解析】词义辨析。No way没门,没办法,根本不行;No wonder难怪;No matter不管什么。他考试时太紧张了。难怪他没有通过考试。选C。7It cant be a(n) _that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.Acoincidence BaccidentCincident Dchance【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。 A
7、.巧合;一致 B. 事故;意外 C.事件;事变 D. 机会。句意:四家珠宝商店在一夜之间被抢劫不会是一起事故。含有意外的意思,故选B。8The Taiyuan subway is under _ and next year it will be put in use.Aproduction BconstructionCdestination Dpermission【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:太原地铁正在建设中,明年将投入使用。A. production 表示“生产”;B. construction 表示“建设”,be under construction 表示正在建设中;C.
8、 destination 表示“目的地”、“终点”;D. permission 表示“允许”、“许可”。故选B。9As he was not allowed to her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.Aappointment Bambulance Caccompany Dadjustment【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:由于不允许他陪她去商店,他给她列了一张购物单。A. appointment约定;B. ambulance救护车;C. accompany陪伴;伴随;D. adjustment调整;调节。根
9、据句意故选C。10 Youve taken the lead in the test again. Can you share your _ for success with us? Remember, the early bird catches the worm.Abonus BrecipeCglory Dfancy【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:你又在考试中领先了。你能和我们分享一下你成功的秘诀吗?记住,早起的鸟儿有虫吃。A. bonus奖金;红利;B. recipe食谱;秘诀;C. glory光荣;荣誉;D. fancy幻想;想象力。根据句意故选B。11-Did you
10、see the new movie directed by that famous director? Its said to be _great success.-No, I have been busy preparing all the office_ these days.A/; equipments Bthe; equipment C/; equipment Da; equipment【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词和名词复数。句意:-你看过那位著名导演,导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。-没有,这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。success为不可数名词,但a success强
11、调是“一件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词,没有复数形式,不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。【点睛】抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词。抽象名词一般为不可数名词,如success,progress,pity,surprise等。但是,在一定场合下,某些抽象名词和某些物质名词可以具体化为个体名词,这时它们具有可数名词的功能,这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。现将中学阶段常见的这类名词归纳如下:一、表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词,有时可具体化为可数名词。这时常组成“aan形容词抽象名词”结构。如
12、:He has a great interest in English他对英语显得很感兴趣。二、表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或物,这类名词有的已经完全转化为可数名词,词义也有所变化。如:抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词,可数名词)in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)分析句子可知,success为不可数名词,但a success强调是“一件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词,没有复数形
13、式,不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。12Somehow Pavels words made sense to Bruno and he resisted the _ to say “Ow” any more, and when Pavel finished applying the green liquid he took a bandage from the first-aid box and taped it to the cut.Aconvenience Btrick Cimpression Durge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:不知怎的,帕维尔的话对布鲁诺来说很
14、有意义,他克制住了想说“噢”的冲动。当帕维尔涂完这种绿色液体后,他从急救箱里拿出一条绷带,把它绑在伤口上。A. convenience方便;B. trick诡计,窍门;C. impression印象;D. urge强烈的欲望。根据句意故选D。13The two sides have finally reached a(n) _ , though some small differences(分歧) still exist(存在).Aannouncement Bagreement Camazement Dachievement【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管仍存在一些小分歧
15、,但双方最终达成了一致。A. announcement宣告;B. agreement一致;C. amazement惊愕;D. achievement成就。根据“though some small differences(分歧) still exist”可推知,此处表示“达成一致”,故B项正确。14Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and _ .Aburden BdepressionCbenefit Dsacrifice【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:拯
16、救大兵瑞恩是一部令人难忘的反战电影,也是一个关于勇气和牺牲的故事。A. burden负担;B. depression压抑;C. benefit好处,益处;D. sacrifice牺牲;空格处与courage并列,都应该是褒义词,再结合电影情节,故选D项。15More than half of the participants said that getting married was not an important_ for becoming an adult.Atension Brestriction Ccirculation Dcriterion【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:
17、超过一半的受访者表示,结婚并不是成为成年人的重要标准。A. tension紧张;B. restriction限制,约束;C. circulation流通,传播;D. criterion标准,准则。根据getting married和becoming an adult可知,结婚是成为一个成年人的“准则”。故选D。16The building under _for stay-at-home children will be completed in MarchAcontribution BconstructionCcoincidence Dcomposition【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨
18、析及固定搭配。contribution贡献,捐赠,捐助;construction建造,建筑物; coincidence巧合; 一致;composition作文,作曲。句意: 正在被建的留守儿童楼将于3月竣工。本句说的是建筑物,因此要用建造中。under construction意为“(正在)修建中”,因此选B。17Actively involve yourself in voluntary work and you will see what a(an) _ it will make to your future life.Ainfluence Bcontribution Cdifferenc
19、e Dvariety【答案】C【解析】【详解】本题考查固定短语。解题步骤:1.确定各项意思:A. influence影响;B. contribution贡献;C. difference不同;D. variety多样化;2.确定答案:固定短语make a difference有影响。句意:积极地参与志愿者的工作,你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C。18During the Song Dynasty, people played a game called cuju, which is regarded as the _ of ancient football.Aresource B
20、cause Corigin Dreason【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在宋朝,人们玩一种被称为蹴鞠的游戏,它被认为是古代足球的起源。A. resource 资源;B. cause原因;事业;C. origin起源;D. reason原因;足球是由古代的蹴鞠演变而来,也就是说蹴鞠是足球的起源。根据句意可知C项正确。19Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _Aconsequence BindependenceCcompetence
21、Dintelligence【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果; B. independence独立; C. competence 资格,能力,胜任,称职 ;D. intelligence 智力。根据句意,C项符合此处语境。故选C。20While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the _ of the
22、trees and enjoy the beauty of the world.AatmosphereBbranchesCcampusDstrength【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:虽然许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在周日割草,但有些人却乐于坐在树枝下欣赏世界的美景。A. atmosphere气氛,氛围;B. branches树枝,纸条;C. campus校园;D. strength力气。分析句子可知,人们应该是坐在树枝下欣赏美景。故选B。21New _ continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terr
23、aces.AcharactersBgenerationsCinsectsDtourists【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。A. characters 特点;B. generations 一代人;C.insects 昆虫;D. tourists游客。分析句子可知,新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。故选B。22Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their_ to push the boundaries of human achievement.Aintel
24、ligence Binfluences Cimpression Dattempts【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限,为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A. intelligence智力,理解力;B. influences 影响;C. impression印象,效果;D. attempts企图,试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。23He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.Aaspect Bapp
25、earance Ctalent Dcharacter【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:他证明了自己是一个真正的绅士,当他和别人一起工作时,他的性格之美达到了极致。A. aspect方面;B. appearance外貌;C. talent才华,天才;D. character性格,品质。根据句中a true gentleman 和when he worked with others.可判断绅士在工作时表现出的是性格品质,而不是外表或才华,故选D。24As we all know, there is a close _ between diet and health.Aconnectio
26、n Bevidence Cpower Dbelief【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:我们都知道,饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系;B. evidence证据;C. power力量,能力;D. belief信念,信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系,故选A。25If you have a good _ of English, it is easier for you to find a job there.Acontrol Bcommand Cconquer Drequest【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果你英语说得很好,那么在那儿找工作
27、就更容易了。A.control控制;B. command 掌握;C. conquer征服;D. request请求。have a good command of 是固定搭配,意为“能驾御,很会”,have a good command of English,意为“能自由地使用英语”,符合句意,故选B。26Children should not see the films full of violent (暴力的) .Asights Bviews Csigns Dscenes【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:孩子们不应该看充满暴力的电影场景。A. sights景象;B. views风
28、景;看法;C. signs迹象;D. scenes场面;(戏剧的)一场。根据上文“the films full of violent ”可推断,此处指“电影中的场景”。故选D。【点睛】scene,view,sight,sign的区别。1. sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观,又可以指名胜、风景,但表示后者的含义时,习惯上要用复数。如:The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。We saw the sights of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。Mary walked round the town, looking
29、at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转,逛各处景点。2. view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象,有时也指“风景”,尤指自然美景(fine natural scenery)。如:From the window there was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看是一览无余的群山。The view makes this a good location for a house. 景观使得此处成为建房的好地点。The view was wonderful. If Id had a camera, I would have taken some phot
30、ographs. 风景好极了,要是我带有照相机,我就照几张像了。3. scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色”、“场景”等,可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也可以是静态的等。如:There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。As he entered the room, he was confronted by a scene of disorder. 他进入房间,面对的是一幅乱糟糟的场面。4. sign 是符号,手势,迹象,指示牌的意思。Headaches may be a sign of stress.头痛可能是紧张的迹象。The sign on the wall said Now wash your hands .墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。27-Whats new?-The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel _ , also known as chunyun, will _ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.Adash; kick out Brush; kick off Cflow; kick in
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